NIQUEUR ACOTCH WHI3K/
VAT 【69**
LEITH
quality, Fills
WmSanderson (-Son.L' "Distillers" LEITH
Estd.1863.
Sole Agente
W. R. LOXLEY & CO.
NUGGET Boot Polish
“Good morning, Miss Shoe, you look positively charming." "A personal reflection, I assure you, Mr. Nugget."
A.R.D.
THE NAVY'S CHOICE
Coates
ORIGINAL
PLYMOUTH GIN
OBTAINABLE.
EVERYWHERE.
P.T. FARRELL
Consulting Engineer & Manufacturers' Representative,
Agencies for
Bollnder's Crude Oll'Engines Marino, Stationary and Lighting.
"WYANDOTTE" Boiler Cleaner and Cleanter. Kine's Building, Top Floor,
Telephons Crizal 4422. Telegraphis 'Addroom 41 FARSEKING"
THE HONGKONG TELEGRAPH
EDUCATIONAL SCIENCE.
SATURDAY, MARCH 16, · 1929,
WEDDED SCHOOL
CHILDREN.
| APPLICATION OF INDIVIDUAL RAISE MARRIAGE AGE TO 16
PSYCHOLOGY.
PROPOSAL.
Lord Buckmaster has Intro- duced a Bill in the Upper House to render vold any marriage in which one of the parties is under the age of 16.
(By Dr. Alfred Adler,) The study of the psychology of the individual has shown that the main features. of the human character havo definitely estab At present the minimum, statu- lished themselves, in the case of tory marriage age in Great Bri- each individual, after the latter tain is 12 for girls and 14 for has completed the fourth or fifth boys. For persons under the age year of its life. No modification of 18 to marry is not as rare as takes place after that 'age unleaa many poople believe: the individual corrects itself and From 1915 to 1926 the number unless it acquires a knowledge of of marriages in which one of the the factors that are either useful parties was under 16 wis:--
useless to its persóțial · well-
Under 14
4 being.
Under 15 ............ 80 Under 16
292
or
+
Innumerable children are born with inferior and under-developed When the Home Secretary, Bir organs and are unable to cope William Joynson-Hicks, was re-t with the dificulties fe has in cently urged by a deputation to store for them. The cause of their raise the marriage age to 16, he Inferiority may, either be a replied that the question was diminished vitality due to alcoho-"fraught with difficulties,"
ile influences or blood diseases, or He said that the dißculty was it may be the case that the in that in the majority of cases of dividual child has inherited. its girls under 16 who married there weaknesses from its progenitors.
were urgent reasons for marriage. Such under-development is a There would perhaps be an outery severe handicap to them through against disallowing young people out their lives. The knowledge to marry in such cases. of their inferiority gives rise to
Sir William also expressed the a feeling of deep and sustained opinion that it was very undeair- depression
in far exceeding that able for the marriage age which sometimes affects normally- England to be lower than the age developed children. In ecuse-in most other civilised countries. quence of such permanent de- Among the strongest supporters pression, all their mental func-of Lord Backmaster's Bill are the Lions, more especially their ntten-school teachers, who may occa- Lion and their memory, as well as sionally be called upon to teach all their impulses and feelings, young married couples of 12, 13 lose their naturalness and become or 14 years old, subordinated to a desire for the
attainment of greater security
which, as they hape, will help cher and overy physician in them to overcome the Inferiority capable of performing this task with which they had themselves provided that the methods employ- aflicted.
ed by him conform to the funda-. mental principles set down in the preceding lines.
First Struggles. The children to whom the
Note. Dr. Adler, a well-known above remarks apply include,
a leader of among others, those affected with psychologist and congenital defeets of the organs modern educational thought, was, of perception, the respiratory or recently invited to lecture at the gans, the brain, the spinal marrow Sarbone, Paris. Ilia ideas have the organs of digestion and the also attracted considerable atten- internal-secretion glands. All tion in Great Britain and these find it dificult to accom- United States,
plish the tasks that are before them. The attitude adopted, in relation to the first difculties thus encountered may prove deci alve in regard to the children's future development, and their Arab struggles against the forces! that nasail their right to self-as sertion reveal the strength or the weakness of their. defensive powers. It is at this stage that the influence of education must make itself felt, because it de- termines to a far-reaching extent the greater or lesser success of the children in overcoming the difficulties with which they find themselves confronted.
The feeling of mental inferiori- ty, however, has not always ita root in physleal and organic in- feriority and under-development. It also affects those children who are taxed with burdens that ex-i ceed their physical strength, or who grow up in an atmosphere of distress, or who are forced to ex- change comparatively easy cir- cumstances of life with a life full of hardship. All these feel in- secure, and this causes a feeling' of inferiority in them.
Courage in Life.
aro
The numerous individuals who habitually and continuously re- aort to provarication and subter fuge in order to maintain intact their personal reputation really merely intent upon preserv ing the only secret kept by them, viz., the fact that they themselves question their own value.
No one has emphasized more of consistently the Importance courage and activity in life than Bergson. The aim of education must be to implant these charac- toristies in the children concern- ed so that they may lose the feel- ing of their innate inferiority. Seeing that this feeling, proper- ly speaking, is really a manifesta- tion of their lack of what may be called community feeling," the immediate aim before their educa tors must be to implant this lat- ter kind of feeling in then, L.e., the children must feel that they form part of a large community and they must feel at home when they are in the company of other members of the same community. Their courage and their self- confidence must be developed, and they must be made to realize that they are not really dependent on other people, If this plan is adop- ted, they will become more activo In their habits and will feel that they are proceeding in the right direction. The "community feel- ing" must first be nurtured' in relation to the children's eduen- tor and the latter must then 'on- deavour to cause its transfer to others as well.
4
The forembat object of education during the fint four or five years of age must be to create in tho children the feeling of love. If the mother fails to achieve this uim,'s course of training-or, if required, of treatment along the. lines of Individual psychology must be resorted to. Every tea
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I
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HING LUNO BL.