THE HONGKONG" TELEGRAPH MOTORING.....
LUBRICATING MOTOR ENGINES.
BY LEWIS A. PARKER, M.I. MECH.E., M. I. MAR, E.
SUPPLEMENT.
If the lubricant partially fulfis these functions, the effects may be gradual and therefore not readily appreciated, but the damage is no less certain...
-First-it-must lubricato, fepit| must form a film between the work- Ing surface, thus eliminating solid friction, and replacing it by the lesser Auid friction, preventing wear of parts, and loss of power. Hence the fact that a lubricating Secondly-it "must make the oil apparently gives satisfaction is piston gas tight, ie., it must sent no guarantee that it is fully por- the piston so that the gases of ex-forming its functions, plosion cannot leak past, other- There are three conditions which wise you lose power-which means most be fulfilled in order to secure more fuel for the same output-the best results:—--- which means more money.
The off must be of good quality. Thirdly-it must be able to It must be of the correct. body transmit heat. The heat from the and character, 1.c., correct grade, piston must pass through the film to meet the design, construction of oil which is between the piston and operating conditions of the rings and cylinder wall, in order engine, and to be taken away by the cooling water. Now oil is not generallyway. a good conduclor of heat, and
instance. a
Being the report of a recent lecture given' at the Instituta
'of Engineers and Shipbuilders at Hongkong.
(PART TWO) -
The object of lubrication is to tion offered by the oil itself-its eliminate friction, which is the resistance to being spread. resistance to metion that takes
Fluid friction Is always less place when two metals move re-than solid friction.
friction-for
It must be used in the propër
These three essentials for "Cor-
latively to each other. To accom- There are different degrees of therefore you must use an oil pro-rect Lubrication are inseparable, plish this,, a film of oil is placed duid
using an inferior oil; you cannot between the two moving parts. If thick, heavy, viscous oil, offers perly prepared if it is to perform you cannot get satisfaction by there is no lubrication, but metal more resistance to being spread this function.
Failure of the oll to perform expect a quality product to work to metal contact, the friction is than a light oil. generally termed "solid friction," Confining our remarks principal-these functions, will result in well u an. engine for which it is but when we are successful in pro-ly to motor car engines, let us try friction, rapid wear, loss of power viding a film of lubricating oil to point out what service the lubriand expense, not only for roplace- then we change "solid friction" to eating oil must perform. There ment of damaged parta but for
time lost when out of service. "Huid friction," which is the fric-lare three principal functions.
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▼
SATURDAY, FEBRUARY 16, 1929.
When a girl marries Into money, the honeymoon turns
not suited; and unless you take certain precautions in using the of lubricating difficulties, which all, you are likely to get a number by the way, you probably have had and blamed the oil for it.
Quality-Let us look at our first essential-an oil of good quality. What do we mean by that?
The crude in selected with a First we mean the selection of view to the "presence of hydro-!
out to be a harvest. tact with heated air, and will ensi- ly overcome. destructive influences of water, metallic particles, and' other foreign substanceя.
the crude. There are two general carbons of high lubricating quali-
classes, commonly known as "par- ties, and to the absence of unstable
affin" and "asphall" base crades. hydro-carbons, sulphur compounds
The latter term is not quite cor-and other chemical impurities. rect-it should be "naphtene," be- Every step in the manufacture! cause crudes of this nature con- of an oil, ie., a quality oil-from tain rather a large amount of the selection of the crude, through' Asphalt. The paraffin base the refining process, up to the seal- crudes also contain asphalt, but ing of the containers, requires very little. Then there are the knowledge and experience gained mixed crudes which are, sort of through specialization in manu- half-wny between-containing facture of lubricants. It cannot both paraffin wax and asphalt. be judged from a few simple tests. There are wide variations in If it were, it is not likely that re- these classes, and it cannot be said finers would maintain large labora- that because an oil is made from torles. either paraffin or napktene crude it possesses unusual characteristics. As a matter of fact, very fine olla are made from both types, and very inferior products may also come from either type.
If lubricating oil is desired from a naphtene base crude, the asphait must be removed during the refin- ing process..
In order to get the oil best suit- ed to meet the requiremonts of thef service in which it is to be used, it may be advisable to use a crudo of either type, or perhaps a com- bination of both. It is a matter For the manufacturer to decide; upon as the result of his experi-
ence,.
Whichever crude is selected, It is essential that we refine it inj such a way as to conserve, its lubricating value. If the object in refining is to obtain the maxi- mum amount of fuel-petrol ar gasoline-the "cracking process is used, when the crude is subjected to very high temperatures and; pressures, and by this method,' some of the lubricating charac- teristics are sacrificed, and the oil | produced as a by-product does not equal in quality the oil obtained by the refining process where the main object is lubricating oil.
A quality oil is one of extreme' purity, and Chemical Stability, and so will stand long continued ser- vice, will resist oxidation In con-i
(To Be Continued)
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