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THE HONGKONG TELEGRAPH, MOTORING SUPPLEMENT.
HEADLIGHT GLARE PROBLEM.
Investigations in United States.
10009
The apparatus at the left and the four-headlamped automobile at right have contributed greatly to the advancement of headlighting. Intensity of a beam of light is being measured
at left, while experimental 1ghts are put on the car for actual road tesis at night.
[By Israel Klein.]
A law adopted in only six States of America is retarding the pro- A.J.S. MOTORCYCLES.gress of effective headlighting in
the entire country.
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L
four to five degrees deep. Under these conditions, the, twenty-one candlepower lamp served very well. The trend, however, has been toward greater rond coverage until today the usual beam la from six to eight degrees deep.
The law prohibits the use of 32- Candlepower bulbs in the head-
"in illuminating this very Jamps of automobiles and thus materially greater road area, the forces automobile manufacturers amount of light flux available per to equip all their cars with 21-unit area has been reduced to such candlepower lamps. It isn't prac ticable to ship different cars into different districts, say the manu- facturers, so these six states con- trol what motorists can have in the other 42 states.
The states are Connecticut, Indiana, Nevada, New Jersey, New York and Pennsylvania.
an extent that it is now generally agreed that further progress along this line cannot be expected until the candlepower limit is materially increased."
"One generally recognized de- ficiency in modern headlamp beams is that the high intensity just below the headlamp level, Yet automotive engineers say which is necessary for revealing conditions have changed since objects well down the road, serves these laws, went into effect. very well on straight roads but Where, formerly the 21-candle does not extend far enough to the power lamp threw a bothersome sides to perform satisfactorily on and dangerous glare into the eyda curves. Greater width in this of approaching motorists, lamps zone involves an undesirable! with 32 candlepower bulbs to-day sacrifice in range. can be designed without endanger- ing others.
#
"The logical solution for future design is to increase the quantity of light flux by using a source of Higher Power Found Safer.
higher candlepower. If the limit In fact, improvements made were increased from 21 to 32 with lenses and reflectors at the candlepower, it would take care of General Motors Research Laborn- the immediate situation without tories, the U.S. Bureau of overloading the electrical equip- Standards and other laboratories ment." make the use of higher-powered! K. N. Falge, head of the light- lights safer and more convenient. Ing suction at the General Motors development has been Research Laboratories, points out approved by the iluminating that the Hoover Uniform Vehicle Engineering Society and the Code, which was adopted by the Society of Automotive Engineers. National Conference on Street and Highway Safety in 1926 and which
This
In a report to the former society, n special motor vehicle lighting has since been incorporated in committee sums up the matter of part or in full in many of the state laws, establishes no limits on bulb headlighting as follows:
candlepower.
"It was the usual practice in headlamp design to provide a beam fifteen to twenty degrees wide and
PEDES TRIAN CONTROL.
Angeles.
!
1
"There is no good reason why headlamps designed for 32 candle-
Over a period of three years it)
power bulbs need glare any more than those designed for 21 candle- power" says Falge. "Experi- ments show that an approaching driver can comfortably face 800 candlepower from a pair of head- lamps.
Glare From Poor Adjustment. "It makes very little difference whether the direct light which reaches his eyes from the bulb itself is 21 candlepower or 32 candlepower. The glare which blinds us on the road is many times greater than 800 candle- power.
"On the other hand, at least 10,000 candlepower is needed to show up objects on the road a safe distance ahead. When headlamps are adjusted properly this ex tremely high candlepower is alm ed below the eyes of other drivers where It does not glare.
"Dangerous, glare, comes from badly adjusted headlamps when the glaring rays are aimed too high end go into the other driver's oyes instead of on the road where they are needed. Even here the glare from properly designed headlamps using 32 candlepower bulbs need not be any greater than the glare from 21 candlepower bulbs since the added light should be used to provide more light at the sides of the road and near the car rather than to increase the beam candlepower."
Falge also paints out that chro mium plating could be introduced for reflectors, instead of silver, if 32-candlepower bulbs were per- missible. Chromium plate would last longer and remain free from tarnish, while the higher-powered light would offset the lower re- fleeting efficiency of the chromium.
was introduced three different times the side of the street on which the
in the city council. Each time it motorist is travelling until the was vetoed by the mayor. Naturul-pedestrian has passed beyond the ly, each time it came before, the path of the vehicle. council it attracted a great deal
1.
Los Angeles next step was to
Experiments at Los of newspaper, attention and was separate pedestrian and, vehicular quite thoroughly discussed on the traffic by constructing pedestrian tunnels. An approved bond issue city streets.
of $350,000 has made possible the Sufficient favourable sentiment building of 40 of these tunnels, was finally developed so that it was practically all of which have been possible the third time to pass it completed......
Seventy per
cent. of all traffic fatalities result from collisions be tween motor vehicles and pedes over the mayor's veto. At the same Los Angeles' experience is par trians. It follows that any helpful time, In addition to pedestrian re-ticularly worthy of study when it is plan to segregate motor vehicular gulation, the entire traffic ordinance remembered that in Los Angles and pedestrian traffic must neces- was revised and simplified. The County alone are nearly 650,000 au sarily command attention says newspapers, the radio and other tomobiles--a car to every two and an American writer. To-day we mediums all paid considerable a fraction persona.
Mr. Lefferts makes an observa- have motor vehicular control. The attention to the plan. Just what movements of passenger cars, trucks it was proposed to do was brought tion which is of particular interest and buses are regulated in most repeatedly to the public's atten- to the motorist. The pedestrian, he enya, does not resent being re- communities by electric lights, hand tion. semaphores operated by traffic
Complete control. both of pedes gulated when he realizes he is get officers, and by signals given by traffic policemen. But in mostrians and automobiles followed ating a "50-50. break" with the mo series of experiments in dividing torist. This equality is achieved, cities we haven't much in the way the right-of-way between the motor he explains, when the pedestrian is of pedestrian control.
vehicle and the pedestrian For a not required to walt an unreason- I have often thought that "pedes long time Los Angeles has had a able length of time on the corner, trian control" is probably an un-regulation compelling automobiles and is given some protection when fortunate expression. It seems to to stop behind standing cars, which he happens to be in the centre of carry with it the idea that some provides protection to pedestrians the street when the signal changes. one is trying to deprive the pedes desiring to board or alight. Next, In Los Angeles, it appears, the school chil-practicability of pedestrian control trian of some of his rights. The primarily to protect
plain truth is that the advocate of dren, white lines were drawn across is being definitely demonstrated. pedestrian control simply wishes to streets where large numbers of ket into the pedestrian's mind that children regularly crossed. Mo
CAR FREIGHTS,
traffic rules, regulations and forists were required to stop before CHEAPER CROSS CHANNEL signals are equally as much for his crossing these lines. This was not safety and convenience as they are successful, because it compelled for the motorist.
many motorists to come to n full. As the result of representations American cities can well afford stop during hours when there was made by the Automobile Association to the Belgian Authorities respon to study the experience of Los no need for this precaution,
Los Angeles finally adopted the afblo for running the Dover-Ostend Angles, which has learned that pedestrian control is, like practic-present, regulation, which calls for Services, a new tariff showing re ally every other safety measure, a the prolongation of the sidewalk duced rates for the conveyance of the street. These motor cars has now been adopted. matter of education. As pointed lines across out by E. B. Lefferts, manager of lines are divided in the contro by The most noticeable feature of this the public safety section of the another white line, making in effect tariff is the advantage gained by Automobile Club of Southern Call- an elongated letter "H" between owners of small family cars with fornia, pedestrian control in Los the curbs, with the cross bar of wheelbases round about 9 ft. on Angeles had to travel a long and the letter in the centre of the street, which the freight charges have been tortuous path before a practical The motorist is compelled to stop considerably lowered. In plan was finally enacted info an or- and remain standing while a pedes cases a saving of more than 80% dinance.
trian is in that half of the lane on is effected.
Some
SATURDAY, JULY -1928.
FIAT Mod 529
FIAT
SOČ. ITALIANA, IMP. ESP. ESTREMO ORIENTE. LIMITED.
Managers.-A. GOEKE AND COMPANY. SHOWROOM, WORKSHOP AND GAR GE, 67, Des Vœux Road, Central," Telephone Central 4821.
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Roadster 1927 Model, 4 "szater, 11.9 h.p. Owner Driven, Mileage 7,000........H. K. $1,300.001
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