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THE CHINA YEAR BOOK 1928 Edited by H. G W. Woodhenil, C.B.E.
'THE
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TRE CHINA
YEAR BOOK
The 1020 volume has breu revised from cover to cover, and almos every Chapter has been re-written. The Chapters on Area, and Populs. tion, Geography, deslugy, Fanns, and Climate have been condensed into aningle Chapter in order to make room for the vast mass of new material. There are n★ Chaplets dealing with.
The Nanking Outrages,
The Britinis Concessions at Hankow and Kiukiang,
Troaty Revision,
-Foreign Conections and Losed Territories,
Opium,
The Kuomintang,
Labour, Shipping, lo and every other Chapter has been reviset and in most cases largoly rewritten. The new iazue of the CHINA YEAR. BOOK will fully maintain the repolation of being an authoritative encyclopaedia work of reference upon China.
THE NEW EDITION OF THE CHINA YEAR BOOK Contains 110 more pages of letterprons than the previous ILLUS. PRICE $15,00 NETT,
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CANTON'S REIGN OF TERROR
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LOCAL CONSUL'S EXPERIENCES.
BOLSHEVIST RULE IN RUSSIAN TURKESTAN.
A graphic description of hle experiences in Russian Turkestan after the war was given by Mr. R. C. Tredwell, American Consul in Hongkong, at the Helena May Institute yesterday. In the first part of his lecture; which was illustrated by lantern slides, Mr. Tredwell spoke of Russia under the Bolshevist regime and also described some of the geographi-
TUESDAY. MARCH 6, 1928.
bands of artnod criminals, hundreds of arrests werɑ made, among all elassos, and tho official lists of thoan who were taken out and shot contain more than two thousand names All of the noutral delegates, who were sont to Turkostan to care for tho German and Austrian prisoners, were arrested for a few days and the Swedish Red Cross delegate w among those killed without oven a semblance of a trial.
CINEMA V. PRESS.
EXTENT OF INFLUENCE DEBATED.
.:
The motion that the Cinema exerts a greater influence than the Press, which was the subject of a debate at St. Peter's Young Men's Club last night was defeated by 17 votos to 15).
Major Bailey's Experiences.⠀
The proposer of the motion, Mr. It is with genuino plousure that 1 speak to you concerning the adven- P. Sands discovered another com- tures of Major F. M. Bailey, C.1.E. mon link with the monkey in the associated for trait of mimlery, which led us to with whom I was some time in Turkostap. Although imitate the actions and dress won Major Bailey gave an address boby people on the screen as a result fore the Central Asian Society in of the vivid impressions derived cal features of Russia and Tur-Noyember, 1927, which was publish from the silver sheet. That nobu- ed in their journal, there are a num-lous individual described as "tho man in the streets was really the
kestan.
Dealing with his personal expori
bor of interesting details concerning his experiences which, because of natural modesty, he failed to mon tion in his lecture
average human being who was susceptible to the influence of the Cinema, and whose opinion was the public opinion formed through that agency. Later, in decrying the power of the Press, Mr, Sands attacked its commercialism and its
oncos, Mr. Tredwell Baid':
While in Tashkent in August a British officer from Tudin, Major
The chief Commissar had refused Bailey, arrived in Tashkent on
him permission, to leave Turkestan special mission and we were
and had told him that the govern atantly together for several months..
was only in September that went and grave suspicion concora fell under the suspicion of the ing his activities. When, therefore, inaccuracies.
on October 20, 1919, we received
Bolshevik authorities.
Cou
No less ther six upies were as. signed to watch our movements and
word tant we, were to be rearrested,
Major Bailey disappeared as arrang
Prisoners Avoided. ·
it gave us no little pleasure to lendod. He disguised himself as un them a merry chase at a new kind Austrian prisoner of war which, of hare and hounds. We were ac-saya, was a "comparatively simple
unlly arrested the first time about matter.' the middle of October by the Ex traordinary Commission to Combat Speculation and Counter Revolution. After a.five hours' coufinement was released through the interven tinh of the Chief of Police. The following day I enjoyed a visit from the Chief Commissar, who apologized for the action of the "Extraordinary Commission" and I received namur- ance from him that Major, Bailey and several other foreigners who had been arrested the day previously would be released. This fortunately' happened.
Major Escapes,
A few days later the Soviet au thorities were considerate enough to milish their intention to arrest all the subjects and citizens of the nified nations who were of military age nod to hold them as hostages, In view of the fact that Major Bailey hail not been resignized by the local authorities be decided to disappear nud, if possible, to return overland to India, a distance of 800 miles. In view of my official posi- tion in Tashkent there was nothing for me to do it Wait until I was rearrested. They confined me to my tw room, lucked mi my papers and left two guards to watch over me. ifere. I remained for five months and tharing the first two of these I was
not allowed to leave the house.
Thrilling Diversions.
Rev. Mr. II. G. Hughes in op- posing the motion referred to the Press as being the fourth state, so firmly had it established itself as a necessary institution in public life, and in those things which, mattered, as for instance politics and economics. He strongly con- demned the Cinema for its un- cinema He overcame the language diff-realities, saying that a milty by avoiding the other prison-palace is a world of unrealities ers who consisted mostly of Ger comparable to the "pub," saloon mans, Poles, Magyars, Czoche, or opium den where people dosed Slovenes, Serbs, eterters. If necus themselves into a state of coma, in mary he would pretend to belong to the pursuit of forgetfulness: He one of the other nationalities and pointed to the Press as being an could thus hide his real identity. instrument of propaganda, one Se non as Major Bailey had disguiding public opinion during the appeared the impression was created late war. In conclusion, he ap that either be st have met with pealed for support from those dis- an accident or had been murdered. criminiting members of the audi- lio
left tho actually
Lown ence who exercise to their intelli and attempted 17 reachi gence in the pursuit of the sober Kashgar via Ferghana, but facts of life as reflected in a news-
* this Impossible sul paper. found was obliged to remain hidden for some time in a neighbouring vil- lage. In attempting to cross the Tan Shan Mountains he met with an accident and injured his knee
ndly.
Mr. Tredwell went on to quote from an article written by Major, Bailey on his experiences..
Other protagonists of the Press were Miss W. Fail and Mr. A. E. Lee, while a number also spoke for the eause of the picture "fan."""
The motion was eventually de- feated by a narrow majority.
way carriage.
W
A Three Week Trip.
It took us three weeks to make
Continuing, Mr. Trodwell said: When I left Turkestan it seemed almost impossible that Major Bai- leg would be able to escape, but the journey from Tashkent to fortunately in October he managed Moscow, as our car was side-track- to become engaged in a branch ofed at each station for periods the Bolshevik secret service. The ranging from three hours to three Bolsheviks suspected that there days. At several places we, ex- were British officers In Bokhara perienced considerable difficulty who were organizing the army, in crossing the rivers where and, consequently, they were send-bridges had been blown up and rails placed across the fcc.. At one place our train was the last successfully to negotiate An im- provised bridge of lies under which the ice was rapidly melting. In travelling from Tashkent to costume, of a Petrograd in the proletarian, with a companion similarly dressed who spoke Rus- sian fluently, every opportunity was taken, at small villages and
7
Dangerous Employment,
During this long period of uncering spies to that country to find tainty there were a number of inter-out what was happening, esting and rather, thrilling diver sions. One of these was when the Extraordinary Commission appeared nt the house one night about eleven o'clock and made a visit of some five or six hours duration for the pur. pose of conducting a search.
we stopped a number of
Major Bailey was supposed to ave spent two years in America where he learned to speak Eng- lish and therefore volunteered for this dangerous employment. He They were headed by a must had an interview with the head of tertaining, individual, Doroshkin, a clown from the local circus, who his department, a violent Bolshe- endeavoured to cheer me up with the ik, and was furnished with the the larger towns-at cach, of prediction of a revolution in Ameri-best of secret documents. He was which
When I disagreed with him he accompanied by a Serbian, who hours or days to mingle freely tunde the suggestion that I could had obtained the employment for with the people and to learn their crossed a part of kill him with his own revolver if his him, and they proceeded to Bok- views. We words were not proven to be true har by train, where he spent two Russia which had not been visited by people from the outside world within three months. As they went months.
for many months and saw actual me to Moscow just before the time was up we shall never know whether
conditions when there be was serious or merely stagey.
temptation to make things appear different for our benefit.
en...
Three Day Battle.
was no
tish officer. Naturally for many months after I left Russia I was much concerned over his welfare and it was not only with relief
Then he left Bokhara having organized a party of eighteen and travelled across the desert to Persia. This party had the mis- fortune to be intercepted by a in the
A Happy Privilege, In January the railway workmen Bolshevik patrol but
In conclusion I desire again to And Left Social Revolutionists en-skirmish which ensued they lost deavoured to effect & roup d'etat only a little kit which fell from emphasize that I consider it a most This resulted in a three days, street one of the ponies, although they happy privilege to have been us- battle with regular goorilla warfare wounded several of their adversociated with this splendid Bri from behind trees and telegraphsaries. I cannot speak too highly pules; machine guns were placed in of the courage, pluck and per church towers, which were shelled by severance which this officer dis- guns from the fortress. The "White played during all the time I knew
but with a deep sense of gratitude Hanse, ur headquarters of the Bol him. sheviks, a block away from my
Fortunately for me, in March to the British Foreign Office.when quarters, was captured three times, the Bolshevik Ambassador ton cable was received from It in From grandstand seats, my guard Persia arrived and arranged for January 1919 by my own Secretary and I experienced most of theme to be sent under guard to Mos-of State. This message read: thrills of a real battle
cow, where I was finally released. "Please inform Tredwell that his A period of real anarchy follow. With Home twenty-eight re- friend Major Bailey has escaped This extremely the re-establishment
of fugees.I travelled nearly three into Persia." Bolshevik misrule, House-to-house thousand miles across Russia in thoughtful and gracious act is searches wero conducted by sinulla broken-down accond class rail one which never can be forgotten.
cd
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That the newspaper is ኪ better medium for advertising than the poster or hoarding was one of the points made in an address to the Leeds Publicity Club by Mr. W. Buchanan Taylor, publicity manager to J. Lyons and Co., Ltd. the great London catering firm.
Speaking on the mystery of publicity, he said that the news- paper had the advantage over the póster because of its mobility. "Few People," he said, "can run and read, and few people have time to stop to read in these hectic times."
"The newspaper gets among people, whereas you have to make them stop to look at boardings. Unquestionably the news sheet has won the day."
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