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THE HONGKONG TELEGRAPH,
GREATER AIR SPEED.
IS THERE A MECHANICAL LIMIT?
YEAS AND NAYS..
"Impossible" is a word which should be used with extreme caution when discussing aviation, says the Observer's Air Corres pondent. The speeds attained in this year's race for the Schneider Cup are certainly not the limit even on present lines of design, and already it is possible to fore tell new lines of development. which will be followed provided there be sufficient inducement.
In the past two years the in- crease of speed has exceeded most expectations. The reasons, in few words, are:-
A
Decrease in the resistance-arca
of the engine;
increase of power without in-
crease of weight:
further refinement in aeroplane construction reducing tesis-
tance;'
wings which despite small area afford the lift necessary for a landing speed not exceeding about 90 miles per hour; the discovery that plots can en-
dure it:
the successful employment of a geared engine for the first time in high-speed racing craft, enabling a propeller of greater efficiency to be used. The British type which was victorious at Venice is certainly capable of a speed of 305 miles per hour; and it will ere long en- tablish a world record over the three-kilometre distance. But without any radical alterations, and by morely screwing up to a higher pitch and refining here and there..it is estimated that hi next year's race it should be capable of about 340 miles per hour, and of flying the many-cornered Schnell- er Cup course at about 320 m.p.b. That may or may not represent- the limit on present lines; whilst all the world is wondering whe- ther far greater speeds-100 or even 500 miles per hour-may not in the near future be attained.
Pilot Lying Down.
At present the three-kilometra absolute speed record of aircraft is taken near ground level,, where the air is comparatively dense. The principal obstacle to increase of speed is the enormous resis tance offered by the air. This, resistance (to use a mathematical thi increases as expression) square of the velocity. Some idea of the effect of this lay may be obtained from the fact that in 1925 and 1926, for the addition of 280 hp, an increase of speed by only 12 miles per hour was ob- the tained in seapinnes of Schneider Cup class. This year, however, with the addition of only 10 or 12 h.p. the speed went up by a further 24 miles. The reasons have already been indicated.
The cross-section, or resistance aren, of the body of the machine is determined in these high-spe d craft as much by the size of the pilot aa by the girth of the engine. This will constitute the principal hampering. item until machines be without floats or wheels can considered (as they may be for the big races of 1929 and 1980.)
Not next year, but afterwards, it is not impossible that instead of engines with the cylinders set V-shape, "broad arrow," or cruci- form (like the. American. Packard),
with an engir.e the cylinders"in line" may be produced. If the cylinders of such an engine do not pro- trade unduly, a much slenderer fuselage would. be possible were it not for the need to find a place for the pilot. But already there. is talk of accommodating the pilot, not in a sitting, but a half-recli. ing position. Such an innovation would have to be made with cau- tion, for at high speeds it might have a disabling effect upon, his faculties.
Limit of Engine-power. On the whole, it is difficult to see how very much greater speeds at ground level than 340 milea per hour will be attainable even in racing aircraft, for always the alighting speed must be provided for, and with that, at about 90 miles per hour the design of the neropland must be such that there is stron tendency restricting the maximum speed. Probably, how- ever, we ahall see some countries risking landing speeds of 100 or even 110 miles per hour, and sacrificing life to them.
Probably nothing is to be gain- ed by mere piling on engine power, for it seems inevitable that little more can be done without Increase of weight, which, In turn, demands larger wings, whilst the greater resistance of bigger engines and bodies would I have to be overcome.
At very high altitudes the pro- blem is different. At 40,000. ft. the density of the air is only about ja quarter of that at ground level. At such an altitude, therefore, the resistance of the air is but a small obstacle to the attainment of great speed; indeed, the machine must fly faster in order to be supported by the air. The supercharge to the engine enables the power ta be maintained in spite of the
WEDNESDAY, DECEMBER 28, 1927.
THE RECENT SLAUGHTER IN CANTON.
Here are two further pictures illustrating the recent slaughter in Canton. On the left are scen the bodies of soric of the "Red" looters who paid for their crimes with their lives, whilst at the right are shown the bodies of a soldier, a beggar and several of unknown calling.
WAR CLAIMS.
£91,000,000 PAID OUT LAST YEAR
London, Dec. 27. The work of clearing the office dealing with claims against ex- enemy states and subjects is near- ing completion.
SHARE. SWINDLE.
REWARDS OFFERED BY F.M.S. POLICE.
Penanır. Dev. 14. Penang brokers who are affected
In connexion with the offer of
BEGINNING THE DAY. WITH
'A`SMILE
is largely a matter of habit-the |habit of keeping the system clean and in regularworking order: If your liver is sluggish or you are. | troubied with Intestinal Inactivity Pinkettes are your need.. As gent- ly as nature those dainty little re- gulators dispel constipation, stim ulate the liver, banish headaches and Elliotis attacks, clear the skin, purify the breath. They also quickly relieve piles.
Of your chemist, or post free, 60_cente_the_vial, from Dr. Wil liams' Medicine Co., 60, Kiangse Road, Shanghai.
a reward of $5,000, it is stated that Confidence
02
half of this reward will be paid to the person,⚫ apportioned amongst the persons, who will give Information leading to the definite stablishment of the identity of the person' signing himself as Ng
by the recent share swindle have Gim It; or the whole will be paid. The report of the Controller resolved to obtain the opinion of to anyone giving information lend- for the year ending October 1 Mesars. Braddell Bros., regardinging to his capture and arrest,
This offer of reward holds good last shows that a total of £91,000,-the banks' responsibility, and the
claimants. of companies' position for permitting for a period of three months from 000 was paid to
identity of in- which £81,000,000 was in respect the issue of scrip which can easily to-day. The
formants will not be disclosed. of claims against German Natlon- be forged.
grey;
als and the German, Government.
The FMS. Police, says the The police are anxious to obtain Altogether 424,000 British and ex-enemy claims have been sub-Malay Mail, offer a reward of $1,000 information concerning a mitted for a total of £244,000,000. 270,000 claims were admitted and to any person, or will apportion it almost new, Austin Twelve car, or rejected, amongst persons, who will give in-owner-driven by a well-dressed 138,000 withdrawn while 6,000 claims for a total of formation: £8,855,000" are outstanding-Reu-
NORTHERN WAR.
FENGTIEN EFFORT TO BUY CHOCHOW..
་
Chinese, and bearing, it is believ ed, a four-figure number plate. (a) leading to the definite
Anyone who has seen this car, in tablishment of the identity of the the neighbourhood of Kuala Lum person or persons who at Klang pur or Klang during the past two on July 18 last took possession of months is requested to communi- Post Box No. 46, registered in thecate with the police without delay.
Printer's Clerk Charged." name of Ng Gim I.
The young Chinese printer's (b) leading to the establishment clerk named Ng Mong Tou, who of the identity of the person or was arrested in Kuala Lumpur on According to foreign reports the persons who took delivery of let suspicion in connexion with the Southerners are still 30 south ters from Post Box 46, Klang, reshare scrip swindle, was produced of Hanchuang and it is believed gistered in the name of Ng Gim It. before Mr. J. L. McFall in the that the Kuominchun, have not yet
(c) leading to the establishment Kuala Lumpur Police Court and occupied Tsinan.
of the identity of the person yho charged with aiding and abetting the offence of cheating. The cashed at the Kwong Yik Bank hearing of the case was postponed cheques for various amounts, pending further investigations by
Peking, Dec. 27.
The Cabinet states that Fen Yu-hsiang heavily attacked Tain
an a few days ago but was re-drawn by Ng Gim It, for the pur-the police.
pulsed. All is quiet there now.
Chang Chung-chang and Sun Chuan-fang, it is reported, consi- der that the Southerners are not likely to advance tiorthward at the present time Hedce they are send- ing Chibli-Shantung reinforce ments, consisting of two "armies," do Tainan..
...Negotiations are going on for the Shansi evacuation of Chochow. It is believed that Fengtien wil pay the Shansi-ites for. the sur- render and also pay the townfolk for the damages done during the siege. Reuter.
poverty of the air; the pilot can wear electrically hoated clothing. and can be artificially. supplied with the oxygen necessary to maintain life; the machine could even have a closed cabin in which air density, and temperature, oxygen could be maintained at life-sustaining conditions.
Eight Miles a Minute.
It may not be impossible Lo attain a speed of 600 miles per hour at great altitudes; but, an exact forecast is difficult, for the calculations must take into ab count the necessity for providing a"anfe landing speed and for the carriage of the complicated ap- paratus or cabin. For dying from ground level to the great altitudes provision must be made against the great range of conditions.
If one. imagines a Schneider race' at an altitude of eight miles or so, the question of observable turning points is raised. Natur- ally a longer course than the pre- sent one of 185 miles (consisting of a small triangle flown many times) would have to be adopted," But there seems to be no particular inducement to spend the immense amount of money. needed for research into flying at heights of seven or eight miles. In all probability rather will there be developments more or less and the long present lines," Schneider and other high-speed races will be altered as to con- ditions. In order to add to high speed such practical qualities a a reasonable landing speed. The conditions of the Schneider-rate cannot be altered drastically for the coming year; but the ruling body may reconsider the matter for the year after next.
pose of facilitating fraud.
In the goods thoy sull has led well-known. firms to advertise ex- tensively and success. fully. The more they use the wheels of modern publicity the stronger will become their business,
You may have com-
plote confidence in
your wares, but bo- Cause you have not used the magnet of ad- vertising to advantage, your trade. has got sa far and no further
Don't let rivals steal:a maroh on you. Advor tise steadily, appealing toyour probable clients. Consider the extensive circulation of the
· Hongkong | Telegraph, its fine class of reader, and high standard of all-round excellenca.
-Make it your publicity organ.
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