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THE HONGKONG TELEGRAPH,
SATURDAY, JUNE 25, 1927.
MARINE BIOLOGY OF THE PACIFIC.
GERMAN SWIMMERS.
RADEMACHER EQUALS WORLD'S RECORD.
SOME IMPORTANT ASPECTS.
Dr. Lawrence E. Grin, Profes- Brussels. The start of the Ger- sor of Biology at Reed College, Iman swimming champlons at Bras- writes to the Columbia Port Digest sels oper ed in a very auspicious as follows:
manner. First-class sport was The Pacific Ocean appeals to witnessed at the International Beyon Swimming Competitions, many naturalists as the greatest different nations having sent their area of adventure and discovery
representatives. Rademacher yet left to man. To the biologist (Hellas, Magdeburg), the German: with an interest in social econ-world's champion, had to compete. omics it is a store of supplies for with van Prays, the eminent Bel- the human race of unknown and uncomprehended
ginn representative, in the 200- amount. The biological exploration of
metro competition for swimming. the Pacific by scientific expeditions, on the chest, and achieved an easy travelling naturalists, and by victory. He swam the distance in 12 mins. 48 seconds (equal to 'a Japanese, Canadian and American world's record), whilst his oppon- agencies has been considerable; so considerable that the publica-ent required 2 mins. 54.3. seconds. success Was tions arising from Buch explora-Another German
(Hellas, tion form a large library. Yet achieved by Frohlich. from these studies we do not have Magdeburg), who won the 100- even a satisfactory introduction metre competition for swimming on the back in 1 min. 16 Bees. to the biology of the Pacific.
whoreas the Belgian compotitor, Living things, animals, plants Thleupont, took 1 min 17.4 sets. and bacteria, are either resources for man or affect such resources.
The people around the Pacific have fish. It happens that all the fish- drawn part of their subsistence ing methods which
are used to from its abundant life for ages; capture fish on a large scale have now, with increasing populations, been developed for use in the cold they are seeking to increase the parts of the ocean. Fishing fi taking of things from the sea.
tropical waters is different in There is a great misconception many respecte and the use of At- held by most biologists regarding lantic gear has not been auccess- the amount of life in the Pucific. ful. And as biologists are the ones who should know about such things,
Primitive Methods.
the opinion has become rather. Many persons say that the meth- general in America and Europe ads developed by the primitive that the waters of the Pacific are peoples of the oriental coasts can- meagrely populated in comparison not be improved upon! with those of the Atlantic Ocean.
Most fish of large economic-im-
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So long as naturalists visit only the, rather barren coast of the portance are wandering creatures. western United States, of Western Where, when and why they go South, America, "of Arabia, or of what they look like and what they Eastern Africa, this seems to be feed on at different ages;
utmost import- true. Yet it is, off this barren questions of the evast of the Pacific States that the ance and interest. The methods uncqunted millions of sulmon, fishing of oriental people and smelt, herring, sardines, etc., of the natives of the islands of the grow to maturity, proving that Pacific' are adapted to the catch- there is much more abundant life ing mostly of very small fish, under the surface of the ocean which are consumed in incredible. Do they catch only than we can imagine. But as one amounts. travels west across the Pacific small species or are they batching marine life becomes more and more the young of large species and plentiful, until one finds along thus preventing a normal increase the coasts of Japan, Southern of important food fishes? In China, Sinm, the Philippines and Hawaii one most important fish Malay Islands, and so on down to has been practically eliminated by continued. capture of its New Zealand; such swarms of liv-the ing creatures as are found no young before they left the shores. where else. The shores in many A couple of years ago a proposal places are lined with coral reefs was made that certain restrictions which, built by the coral, form(be made on fishing along the coast abiding places for other animals of an Asiatic country. When the of innumerable kinds; all of these proposals were considered, it was produce swarms of swimming found that the authors were spenk- young which add to the popula-ing, not of certain kinds of fish, tions of the open waters, tempora- but just of fish, and that not one rily but effectively. The bottom single thing was known of the fish of this great comparatively shal- which would make intelligent and low area, so far as explored, is effective legislation possible. On densely inhabited; and the open account of their migratory ways, waters are often soup-like with fish are pretty certain to have in- the small animal and vegetable ternational relations. And be- of the sea resources forts which float in them..
cause the usually cannot be cultivated but must be conserved, the basis of in- Biologists have also found that ternational agreement and law be- life is more abundant. in the cold comes the accumulation of know. waters of the North Atlantic ledge regarding the actual facts Ocean than in its tropical regions, of life of marine animals.
Northern Abundance.
and so have drawn the conclusion that cold waters are in general more favourable to the production
of the swarms of minute life upon which the higher forms depend. This may be true of the Pacific also along the coast of North and South America, though it is doubt- ful. But it certainly is not truc of the great Coral Sea. Only one who has seen it can imagine the wealth of life in those waters; it cannot be adequately described. but it is easy to understand that the conditions of the Atlantic Ocean are not those of the Pacific, and that to understand and use the re- sources of 'the Paelfie we must in- vestigate, not speculate.
Now If we keep in mind a Chi- nese proverb to the effect that "Big fish eat little fish, and little fish ent mud," we shall, as the practical person says, "get down to brass tacks" in our appreciation of the! general biological problem of the) Pacific in its relation to fish and food. For natural death in the ocean is to be eaten; larger ant- and mai cats smaller animal, animals ultimately subsist upon the marine plants, mostly miscro- scepie in sizo, which alone are able to contruct living substance from inorganic matter. So we should expect the greatest numbers of fish to be found in those waters which contain the most life of other kinds.. Are they there? No one can answer this question definite- ly, because no nation has made the necessary effort to get the answer. I do know that these waters labound in fish; that the const dwel
lers with very inadequate methods secure enormous quantities of small fish; that there is the best game fishing in the world around the coral reefs of the Philippines; and that one sees frequent and large schools of fish in those wat- ors. There is much reason to be- Heve that very important fisheries wil be established in the tropical Pacific. But possibly they will not be easy to establish, because of now the necessity of devising methods, as well as because of the investigation which must be carried on as to the habits of the.
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GRAND PROMENADE
CONCERT SEASON
at the
LEE GARDENS
Under the distinguished patronage of H. E. The Governor, Sir Cecil Clementi, K.C.M.G.)
FULL MILITARY BAND, PIPERS, DRUMMERS & DANCERS
of the
1st. BATTN. THE CAMERONIANS
(SCOTTISH RIFLES)
By kind permission of Lt. Col. E.B. Ferrers, D.S.O., Commanding, and officers..
THE OPENING CONCERT
will be held
TO-NIGHT at 9.30 p.m.
A REAL MUSICAL TREAT IN AN IDEAL SETTING
Admission:-
$1.50
SERVICE MEN IN UNIFORM HALF PRICE
In the event of inclement weather the concert will be held in the
Lee Theatre adjoining the Gardens,