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..Agents.
Repulse Bay Hotel
CARNIVAL
on SATURDAY 11th December 1926.
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THE HONGKONG TELEGRAPH, THURSDAY, DECEMBER 9, 1926.
MODERN ROADS:
MR VAN HORN'S PAPER.
Yesterday evening Mr. Frank D. Van Horn, lato superintendent of highways, New York city, read a paper at the Institute of En gineers and Shipbuilders on Road Construction. There was a large number of members present.
Mr. J. Ormiston, president of the Institute, took the chair and In introducing the lecturer said Mr. Van Horn held, an eminent place In his profession and had. had a wide experience extending. over 33 years in many parts of the world.
Mr. Van Horn said in part:
Before the advent of the automo- bile, roads were constructed in, the old-fashioned way. Broken stones stuck together with water called "Macadam' Road" after John Me- Adam, & Scotch engineer; ware quite sufficient to carry the load and withstand the traffic. But to day the fast moving motor car and larry, with a driving power of thirty horsepower and more causes a partial vacuum at the rear of the ear.with power enough to raise the finer particles of aggregate in the rond, thereby causing the surface of such a road to become loose- hence rapid disintegration.
The motor car and lorry are here to stay. They have proved that they are absolutely indispen- sable to the commercial world.
A Local Authority.
To meet this demand for better roads caused by the motor car and lorry, engineers have had to faco a very serious problem, and, to quote one, who is well known to you all, Mr. H. E. Goldsmith, Hong- kong Public Works Department, in his latest work entitled "Practical Road Engineering” ;-
"The demand for practical permanent highways has become so urgent in every civilized coun- try that the requirements of the highway Engineer grow con- tinually more exacting, The increased loada and higher speeds attained by modern methods of locomotion make it necessary to use materials which will withstand the increased stresses without disintegration, and not be excessive in cost.". Engineers have been searching the world looking for a material with which to construct roads that would meet the requirements specified by Mr. Goldsmith. Many materials have been tried, but with one exception all have been found wanting in one respect or another.
Value of Asphalt.
Up to the present moment we found only one material which meets all of these requirements, and that is asphalt. Many claims have been made for other materials," and one of them which is at pre- sent most in the limelight is cement. One of the claims set: forth by the advocates of cement concrete is "beam or slab strength." If beam or slab strength were the all-important element, why use asphaltic material of greater or less thickness for resurfacing or repairing old cement roads which, after a few years' use, have passed the period of economic main- tenance? The answer is that asphalt is the material having the essential resiliency, plasticity and water-retarding ability to give the desired results. The real test of a road surface is impact strength and not, slab strength, of course within practical limits.
Inherent Fault.
If
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by all Electrio Companies for their principal insulating material, it is largely used for roofing and largest use is for the construction waterproofing buildings, but its
or 'Toads.
Asphalt was first used in Lon- don, in modern times, for "traffic." Seyssel ("Rock") Asphalt was in- Professor White has stated that troduced from France for the con- "Portland Cement Concrete has struction of foot paths, in 1836. many valuable qualities, but also In 1869 the first modern Asphalt has latent possibilities of harm pavement was laid in London in possessed by no other major build-Threadneedle Street near Finch ing material, and that its faults Lune. are inherent in the material"
In 1749 John McAdam brought Professor White also stated, forth the idea that it was not neces- as the action of water on the sary in road construction to build colloidal paste causes expansion, foundations to an extremely heavy It follows that the absence of water depth, and suggested that 6" of causes shrinkage or contraction broken stone laid over a properly with resulting cracking or shat-prepared subsoil was quite sull tering of the concrete. He ex- cient to carry almost any weight of hibited a neat bar of cement that load. His reason for this was had been left in the air for fifteen i based upon the idea that no matter years, after which period he found what the depth of your pavement, that the bar had contracted from after all, the subsoil would have to Its initial length 416 per cent, carry the load. The only changes which is equivalent to a shrinkage which qur, modern engineers have of 22 feet per mile of roadway, made, in the idea of McAdam was Coment concrete used in road-to change the grading of the stone ways is constantly made wet and from large to small instead of using then dry, which causes repeated a stone of an uniform size us aug- unequal stresses and consequent gested by McAdam. Many en shattering of the structure.
gineers disagree with this theory. For over thirty-two years I have built roads in many countries and chair of highway engineering at citics using the idea of John London University, No doubt the foregoing facts aro MeAdam, and during all of that To give you an idea of the the reasons why so many coment
time have never yet had a failura concrete roads have not proved of the pavement caused by an infamount of Asphalt vaod in road con
atruction and other purpose, dur- ing the year, of 1925 more than Asphalt, on the other hand, la suficient depth of foundation. not affected by either expansion and A Large Industry:
To-day the road building in-two million tons were sold contraction, moisture, or the cle dustry is one of the few very large To give you an idow of the life monts. It is a well known matérialindustries in the world. Little did of Asphalt roads, records show. boon ahlo' to go back as far as 3,000 Paviors," in organization of con. over thirty years ago are still years before Christ. The first re-
in excellent condition, carrying corded use of asphalt by the human tractors formed in England in race 1802, and which, interestingly enormous traffe both in number of
little or na maintenance costa,
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To-day asphalt, is used for the industry with which they were so records of this kind boltind Asphalt same purposes na in the ancient, auch concerned would ever reach as a road constructing material, it days, with many additional uses its rent day proportions. This not surprising that more than two The battery in your motor care ancient guide has had a very in-million tons should have been used made of asphalt, s are painta Thetoresting History, and the modern during the past year.ARME most important filler used with organization is engaged in raising At the conclusion Mr. Van Horn rubber is asphalt, Asphalt is used £30,000 with which to found a was heartily thanked for his paper.
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