THE HONGKONG TELEGRAPH,
FRIDAY,
NOVEMBER
1926.
BUDGET DAY IN COUNCIL, Road This was not really & sun the Naval Authorities for the pro. In some cases not even residents saldo our educational policy along are finally printed at
GOVERNMENT ANSWERS UNOFFICIAL
BAN
CRITICISMS.
ing, but merely a matter of using a cheaper form of surfacing, which is estimated to last 2 years only, whorcas, if the more expensive
SHING MUN VALLEY SCHEME.rom Borumin past
Yesterday was Budget Speech day in the Legislative Council, The sitting occupied over two hours, lengthy speeches being. delivered by Official and Uno cil Members.
The replies on behalf of1than Government to the Unofficial criticisms, which we wave in full yesterday, will be found fully reported below:
1
ini"
The Hon. Mr. E. D. C. Wolfe, He also pointed out that when Captain Superintendent of Police, exchange was high 3,000,000, were expressed his appreciation of the invested
England and laudatory remarks of the he, on present exchange this members in referring to the work of investment would benefit the Colony the Police Forco. Ho would like to hy probably two lakha nanure His Excellency that he would. With regard to assessments the ondeavour to maintain the high Assessor in making up the annual standard of officiency, backed as he valuation tried to make them as was by officers in the Police Force correct as possible. Forms had been in whont he had fall confidence. sent to all owners, but many had With regard to the criticisms by never been returned and those who the Senior Unofficial Chinese mem- did return them did not scize the ber on the subject of squeeze hy opportunity to make relevant facts searchers, he desired to point out known to the Assessor. that while he fully appreciated the
fact that squeeze existed, ns it did
all over the world in connexion with the searching of pasaonger's bategaKe and persons he was not prepared to close his eyes to the fact that it did |· exist locally.
audible at the Press table.
MR. CREASY'S SPEECH.
He nevertheless considered that the language used by the Hon. Mem- ber that the evil had become a The Hon. Director of Public crying scandal was something of an Works said. Re-absorption of exaggeration The fact that during Port Development Department. the last eighteen months, 60 per The re-absorption of this De cent of ships had ceased to run had partment docs
not.indicate
posed; continuation of this rond of the Colony, are admitted to the widening scheme. S hospital and recolve from Govern-
The words and storm water ment medical and surgical treat culverts should not appear in the ment as a charity to which they
timates.
description of this item in the Es-
ell
COLONIAL SECRETARY'S.
REPLY.
are in no way entitled
horlthy hos
pean Juo lijderen roformed,
ffor the. third reading of the supply BUL My Hon, friend charges. Government with overestimating the Revenue for the current year,
The Chung Chaw School. of the need for checking mxtra sagance to which the Renfor Euro
but in this I fear ho la incorrect While the fees for maintenance the Government is well aware and The Estimate of $1,200,000 £ have been left uncharged, fees my Honourable Triend the Dirac likely to prove a fairly accurate have been imposed for medical and tor of Public Warka has I bona one for the first half of the year surgical treatment, but in order satisfied Honourable Members that brought in $601,662 and the first that hardship may be obviated full there is no extravagance in the nine months $825,888 discretion, has been loft to the items to which special attention RCM. O. to waive the fees in has been drawn. the case of those persons who have not the means to pay for such ser- vices
estimates..
M
Proportion of Tuties. ****** My Honourable Friend also re
The ulteration in the liquor du tea dans done some way to remove the previous anomaly and can unt properly be charged with being excessive on Chinese Liquors.
made it difficult for the most ardent (any failure to recognize the im-tion of the work until the rock has ese Affairs, the Public Works,bers, that they will be thoroughly tention to the number of new posts a bottle is $1.00 and a bottle of
squeezer to make as much as he portance of steady progregs of could formerly. (Lhughter)."
Port Development. Since Mr. Duncan's comprehensive report on the Harbour was submitted, the
No Serious Complaints. Further, the fact that no serious complaints had reached the Police question has been considered by during the twelve months made it the Imperia! Shipping Committee oloar that the evil could not be and both he and Mr. Baker have bad as to warrant it being called a given evidence before that Body.
As a result of interim conclu- prying scandal. Eo would like to
tée, instructions have been receiv
mation.
Education Matters. been referred to both by the Senior The subject of education, has
European and the Senior Chine Members. I do not think any use-
'זי ''
the new rates is 31.05 and $1.75
whereas the duty actually paid at
per gallon respectively
from the Government
material had been used, no rene wal would have been required for an estimated period of 20 years. It will be noticed that provision ang poor viva de modo le made under Items 21, 22, 28, 24, 2000 01 D 25, 28 and 47 for extensive nullah f t p sudson training in the Happy Valley dis- TOMO Proy Bupting trict, and, when these works are a considerable portion of Wa completed, it is anticipated there will not be à recurrence of the
will myself touch only on one forred to the fact that the now the Hospital site, including the trouble experienced in this district
of there Items, the school at duties affected native wines and. curbing and chan during the past few years, necessary
Cheng Chow. The need for a spirits while European liquors nelling. The surfacing will con-
Bathy and Bathing.
permanent building at Cheung were left practically untouched sist of 4 macadam, tar painted,
Passing to the bathing bencher Chow has been fell for very many dealt with this point too and in the case of surfacing roads
I would assure the Honourable years. I am told place as long my remarka at the last meeting of Council, The duty on Chinese Kowloon Tong Development. Aren
Member that my remarks about the 1908, and our experience liquor even when new duties we a similar material is to be used.,
recommendations of the Bathing temporary expedients ended in a
taken into consideration, rumain mutshed which was damaged l Proposed Lay-out of the aron
Beaches Committee are not ruçant
considerably lower in proportion to imply that Government con the earlier, and finally completely than the duties of European tyde around and approaches to the Kowloon Hospital, The area of The Hon. Colonial Secretary, templates shelving the recominen destroyed in the last typhoon dus quos and we the levelled alte is approximately moving the second reading of the datlons. The Government Wining last summer mi
former system or taxati recommendations The school is now temporarily the Chinese liquor to escape far too 8 acres. The whole of this area is Supply Bill said: My Honourable give these. at present in the rough condition friends on the official side have the fullest consideration as soon housed in unsatisfactory rentoghtly left by excavation, and very unrendy dealt with several of the hs possible after the investigations quarters, and it is essential to Even so, as I pointed out before build the school as Bocas posthe Government might have been points raised in the speeches are completed auitable for the surroundings of uneficial, members of Council, As regards the provision of sible. There are nearly 200 pupils disposed to increase the duty on hospital; ita able to gradual brosion by the rains, and the dust and before I place before Honous Bath Houses for the working to be accommodated, and the re- Suropean type-liquor as well had which is raised, even by a mo-able members the views of the classes I should explain to the quirements of modern education it not been felt that such QUOT
Government on the remaining Counch that the Sanitary Board authorities are 'somewhat exacting already bears is high a duty derate breeze; is a serious nuisance points which have been raised, considered the Bath Houses situa-The cost quoted, although it it ought in present circumstances and a danger to the patients.
The proposals for the general should like first to thank my honion some months ago and decided seems high, is only about two to be made to bear. lay-out comprise the surfacing and Parable friends for the very kind not to recommend any new bath thirds of What the Education Dea Comparison
reception they have given to this houses for 1927 in view of the fin-fartment considers necessary, and formation of paths, tennis courts rst Budget which I have had the ncial situation bus to reconsid even so the Director will be asked Practically the whole of the and turfed areas, the planting of Colonial Treasurer's speech was in-trees and shrubs, and surface our to introduce into this Coun- the question in time for the 1928 to submit modified plans with
view to meet, if possible, the or drainage of the area. It is also-
I said, when producing the Bud It may interest Honourable ticism raised by Honourabt proposed to include, if possible, get, that the Government anti- Members to know that there are at Merabers.
It is difficult to make accurate. the erection of two or three small cipated criticism and it is very present three bath houses in Vie-Government has taken note of once of the taxation on Chinese
Misleading" Remarks,
comparisons as regards the incid ornamental garden pavilions for gratifying to find the criticism toria and one in Kowloon with 137 the patients.
offered in so kind a spirit, 1 baths for men and 38 for woinen, the desire of Honourable Members liquor as compared with European Chatham Road.
should also like to say how much and that in 1925 there were some regarding the need for further Type Liquor, but the S.I.. has. Chatham Road Extension. As the Government values the appre-413,000 baths taken in Hongkong elucidation by foot notes of cer very kindly worked out some large quantities of rock have been cation expressed by the Senftor and 20,000 in Kowloon,
tain items. in the Budget, and an figures for me comparing the duty found on a certain section, it has European Unofficial Member and When the board has ride its re effort will be made hext year toon gin with the duty on Sheang been decided to utilize this section the Senior Chinese Member of the commendations for 1928, I nee! make the printed estimates more Ching and Ng Ka Pel. as a quarry, and delay the comple-work of the Secretariat for Chin hardly assure Honourable Memcomplete in this respect.
Of these figures, taking the duty My Honourable friend drew at of gin at $6 a gallon, the duty of thus been disposed of. The ulti-Harbour and Sanitary Departs considered by the Government mate expenditure on this workments, and Police Force.
which is fully appreciative of the which are being created but Imrin costs retail $2.60. The price, The Government desires to niso desirability of providing bath a misleading. No new posts have sized bottle, of Sheung Ching afraid his remarks are a little including duty of the same will be thereby considerably ro- duced.
ciate itself with the Senior Chla-, commodition for the working The amount provided for 1927 tae Unofficial Member in his praise classes.
actually been created without the is 53 cents and of Ng Ka is for a further section of a length of the work of the District. Watch
knowledge and approval of the Pel 95 cents of which the of 2,800 feet, which is required to Force, on whose services Govern- keep pace with the development of ment places very high value and I
without having been previously the alcoholic contents of thede. Finance Committee, and such new duty represents 20 cents, and 30 posts as appear in the estimates cents respectively. Working out the adjoining land,
glad to find that the new Rescue
submitted to the Finance Cont three liquors the duty of Sheung To Kwa Wan Road and Site For-Tug has already proved its value montion the mensures taken by hissions arrived at by; thát Commit: mation. The sum of $50,000. pro-and that the work of its officers ful, deduction can be made" frommittee are now placed before this Ohing and Ng Ka Pel if.charged" department to prevent this.
at the same rate as the duty on gin In the first place some years ago ed from the Secretary of State that vided in the 1927 Estimates will and crew le so highly appreciated. the fact quoted by my honourable Council for its approval.
I shall hope to be able to antisfy viz., $6.0"gallon would be $2.55 searchers were put into uniform in any large scheme of development not complete the expenditure on Medical Matters:friend Sir Hetry Pollock, that this Ommittee the dothis of any and $3,34 per gallon respectively, order that they could be identified is to be referred to the Consulting standing liability of $17,500 which, Member asked for information re that on the Medical or Sanitary of any individual post of which this road, but will leave an out- The Senior European Unofficial Expenditure on education excer's Honourable Member as to the need by those wishing to make Con Engineers before being proceeded plaints. In the second place the with, and a report is being now may ultimately be reduced; if it garding the work of the radiolog Departments.
he has not had previous informa European ataf had been increased prepared indicating the subjects is found possible to arrange cer- ist. The P. C. M. O assures me The cost in each case must de lon
* Building Covenants. and he now had nine Ehropeans on rich it is considered tain exchanges of land now under that this officer's time will be more pend on the needs which have to The heading "New Posts" in Another matter referral to bý supervising scarcherė.
their advice should be obtained. consideration.
than fully occupied with the we met. The figures asked for by the Abstract from which the my honourable friend and also by The actual number of cases in At any rate, until a definite, pro-
Contribution by Government to- of his own kun subject. He my Honourable friand are as fol Honourable Member quotes, has the Honourable. Vir, Bird, 15 which searchers had been dismissed gramme of works has been laid wards fund for Praya East Recla-will be in charge of the ray lows:
misled the Hon. Momber I feat, the subject of the pealties 1 for taking or attempting to tnko
plants at all Government hospitals: QUEEN'S COLLEGE 1925: < down, it is considered more advis The contract date for comple- and will be occupied in addition
as it includes not only newly breach of Building covenants bribes was, in 1924, one temporary able that this Office should form
Expenditure
$132,210 created pusta, but promotions to covering Crown, Lands purchased and two polico searchers; 1925, two
$31,125 existing posts. temporary and two constables. The of the PW.D. as in the past tion is 31st January, 1929, and it with electro-therapeutics comprig Fees
KING'S COLLEGE, 1925..
Cost of New Posts. latter were working in conjunction
both on the ground of economy anticipated that this period willing X-ray therapy, diathermy, gill-
vanism and faradism and agent Expenditure.
$58:15-1
I myself experienced the same with wharf loafers. They had been effected by reduction, in office staff not be exceeded.
The sum of $200,000 was more therapy (Laughter)
Fees
$10,500 ficulty which has been felt by dismissed and all four were deport and to avoid the overlapping tin sufficient to meet the Govern- The need for a speciale dicerit is, perhaps, my honourable the Honourable Member, and 1
which undoubtedly existed in the In 1825 one tomporary searchor work of these two Departments ment contribution on the original for this work, has long been felt. friend's intention to deduce from hope next year that the Abstract estimate but, as it has now been (Renewed Laughter) these figures that education is pro- will be prepared in a somewhat had been dismissed. These figures when separated. did not include those who had been
The Honourable Member then vided too cheaply 1 might, perlearer form. The fetual cost of necessary to revise this figure, by In regard to Town Planning, the reason of which the total has been passed on to the question of hog-haps, forestall his criticism 0 new posts fs about $336,000. Chinese land holders; 14 % dismissed for incompetence and other reasons,
recommendations of the Commit-scusiderably increased, a further pital accommodation. As regards this subject by informing thengainst posts to the value of $13 In addition a police visiting book tee which, reported on the subject amount of approximately $400,000 the Government Aivil Hospital the Council that the question of the 911 which have been abolished circumstances attending almost will be required to be paid by Gov. Government is prearing a SC fees charged for education has. The chief increases are to be found overy individual, case of default. had been instituted which any have been carefully borne in mind, member of the, Council could see, and embodied to a large extent in ernment, although this may ulti-sessional, Paper activy out its pro-recently been under the considera:, under the heading of Education the Government cannot grant, any and showed the number of visits a provisional 6 years programme mately be reduced by revenue de- Posals regarding the rebuilding oftion of the Government, and the 392,417, Medical" $46,014. Firegeneral extension of building": paid by European officers to the of general works, prepared in ac-rived from short leases of the rerine for inclusion in the estimates.sked to go thoroughly into the P, W. D. $29,342, (us against a
the hospital. The matter was not Director of Education has beau Brigade $34.428 Harbour $33,341. covenants. searchers at the ferries and wharves,cordance with instructions receiv-,
and is not properly before the whole question and to report the eaving of 398.451, for posts abc its merits by the various depar
Every case is fully considered on On an average European officers ed from the Secretary of State,"
result of his investigation to the shed) and Sanitary Department ments concerned, and in many visited the Star Forry thirteen but applicable to a somewhat more
With a view to improving the Council at the present time..
Should it he decided to proceed Governor.
$17,044 very heterogeneous appearance times a day and the Yaumati ferry restricted area than that dealt from the Harbour of the existing with this work it would be neces- Teachers' Salaries.
eases, personally by your Ex-. I should like to assure the Councellenty, and the Council may rest with by that Committee."
sary to carry it out from Joan. The Senior Chinese Member eil that every application for the assured that the Government will, To complete the programme dur-Star Ferry Landing Stage and funds, and full opportunity will ferred to the new scale of salary creation of new post receives the and in fact does, adopt as gener A further innovation had been the ing that period would havolve an Public Pier at Kowloon, it is probe given for a discussion of the for Anglo-Chinese and vernacular most careful scrutiny at the as a policy as possibly in dealing
estimated average annual expen-posed to replace the facade of the now Central Fire Station where any diture of $9,000,000 and the rate existing Jetties to bring them more proposals before they are put in. masters. I would assure him that hands of Government before it with all cases,
the scale is not automatic without allowed to be placed before the
House Building." of progress maintained is entirely into harmony with the existing Government Civil Hospital Fegard to efficiency. There will Council.
Honourable Mr. Bird sug a matter of policy and of finance. Railway Buildings,,
I might, however, remark now be strict efficiency bars at $1,200, 2. The scheme has been initiated that there are many arguments in to $2,400 per annum and it is the
Military Contributions.he
Rusts that in some cases the de Obviously the slower the develop- ment, the less is the annual ex- owing to the adverse comments of favour of retaining the hospital very definite intention of the
As regards markets, the Sanitult has been due to the failure tion engaged in the work. When penditure involved, and it is due. E. the Governor on his first in-in its present neighbourhood. A Director of Education to stop the ary Board asked also for a market on the part of Governmen, to, it was found necessary to put sear to retarding this development that spection at Köwigon.
3. The arrangements proposed kimity to the University would yond this bar,
removal of the hospital from pro- inefficient from progressing be at Cheung Sha Wan which is pre-out its share, admitted in many
vided for on a temporary scale cases only a moral obligation ehors on the wharves the Police unfortunately, in a very few cases, force was not large enough to carry the state of affairs to which the will enable passengers to quit and prova highly inconvenient and ex It is only the thoroughly efficient under sub-head 79. The Board ine original bargain. out this work and 76 outside man Hon. Mr. 11. W. Bird has referred reach their vehicles under shelter, pensive. The Rockefeller Trust teacher, who has proved his worth also asked for improvements to the I can assure, the Council were engaged temporarily. As a re-exists. Steps are being taken to and will include a continuous co-made a grant of $750,000 to en who will be allowed to procced markets at Sham Shui Po and Sal Government is doing sult of increases in the Police force prevent this in future by restrict-lanade extending from the exist-dow three chairs at the University, eventually to the top of the scale. Ying Pun but as markets already with the funds at its disponh)
exist in those places Government keep pace with development it had been possible to reduce this ing development to certain areas, in one at the station, to the en- in medicine, obstetrics and sur
The Honourable Member ask if did not feel justified in inserting house building but it is not kiwilys 76 to 16, but he regretted that he the effect of which will be that the trance to the Godown & Wharf Co. gery, and it is essential to have a it is the intention of Government to sums for their improvement, which possible to reach isolated houses. had been unable to reduce the num provision of roads and other premises.
hospital near to the University apply the same scale of salary to did not appear to be a matter of soon as they are balit her still forthier owing to the fact amenities will synchronise with 4. The opportunity is. being for tuition.
other branches of the subordinate great urgency,
Progress in roads, water supply. that Indian recruits who should the progress of buildings.
taken at the same time to readjust Moreover the professors at the nervice, Honourable Members have been here in September had Kowloon Tong Scheme. the lay-out with a view to improv- University do much work for Gov- will remember that the subordin On the subject of military and drainuge must proceed accord- contributions, the Government ing to plan and any liches on the The total cost to Government of ing traffic conditions at this busy ernment at the Government hosate clerical service scale already doubts if it would be possible part of the Government is taken not yet arrived..
A source of trouble in connection the Kowloon Tong Scheme is esti- terminus.
pital. The dense Chinese popularises to the same maximum of to deduct from the net revenue on very fully into consideration” in with aqucere had been removed on mated at $1,388,000. Of this. Alternative schemes havetoin in the..Central and Western | $4,800, 27 A PA
which military contribution is pay dealing with default on the part account of the rescinding of the amount $800,000 would be the cost been submitted and one, which has districts makes it essential to
Educational Policy,
able the cost of such works as the or the purchasers. pa man ay mal gulations preventing people export of forming the area and construct with the Hom: C. S. F. has been es- size in that neighbourhood. The the Honourable Member has in The whole question of the
been drawn up in consultation have a hospital of considerable I am not sure what other branch repair of atorm damages. Squeeze Waterblock of sing money.
ing the necessary main nullahs
On the perennial subject of The main requirenisut, he con and main roads, which cost would timated for, and will be submitted removal of the G, C. I. would remind but in any case, the Govern basis of the colony's milt "Squeeze my Honourable friend, aidered, was co-operation on tho have fallen on Government in any
for the consideration of the Public sult in still further overcrowding ment is not prepared to pledge tary contribution 1 26 the CS. P. has already spoken I part of the public, the Chinese scheme of development, and will Works Committee in due course, the remaining hospitale in that self to grant these particular think members are aware, would only emphasize "hla re particularly, with the police. If the serve other areas as they develop.
6. The amount provided for in area, while the French Hospital scales to other branches of the under discussion with the Home marks by saying that the Govern- public would report cases of The cost of supplying water, 1927 Estimates will enable the and proposed new branch of the subordinate service unless the can Government at the present timement is just as anxious to put squeeze at once, they could be dealt Willi on the spot. In the absente sewers, storm water drains and shelters for private cars, cycles Tung Wa Hospital will go far to ditions after full consideration are and Government does not feel able down squeeze but unless the just now, to raise the point on private individual will assist the of this co-operation it was extreme surfacing service roads to the 250 and rickshaws to be built to con- get the requirements of the east found to justify them. ly difficult for the police to check houses this being solely attribut-form to the amended lay-out, to- tern end of the city. The Lunatic The Government welcomes the which my honourable friends Sir Government, the Government is this evil in an efficient manner able to the scheme is estimated rather with that portion of the co-Asylum is as at present arranged assurance of our Chinese col Henry "Pollock and Mr. Bernard in most cases: powerless to detect,
to cost $600,000, which works out lonade connecting the Ferry Pier an integral part of the G. C. H. and leagues that they do not grudes have laid stress, the offender. (Applause).
The Liquor Duties, nt $2,000 per house. The desira with the Public Pler, thus permit would require special medical expenditure on education, a sub-
The Government is glad to bility of Government assistanceling motor buses and rickshaws to staff if the hospital were removed feet to which the Government at The Honourable Senior Chinese know that the Council does not
elsewhere.
taches the greatest importance. for a scheme of this. nature is not, arrive and depart under shelter. I think, open to question.
Morrison Hill./
Increased Charges. What exactly the Honourable Member refers to the estimates of oppose the small increase in the revenue from the Liquor Duties water charges. It appreciates the As regards the proposed in Member refers to when he hints and to the fact that only $1,200,000 anxiety of Honourable Members The premium for this Estate. The provision in the 1027 Esti amounts to $121,600 and the estimates for item 46,only applies to crease of charges to first and se- that the whole system of our ea is entered in the draft estimates of that the Harbour charges should mated ultimate annual fevenue to the completion of the retaining hospitals might explain to the not know. The system has been I would refer the Honourable will not fall to bear this fully in
end class patients at Government cation may need overhauling Ide revenue be kept as low as possible, and The Hon. Mr. C. Mcf. Messa be derived on the completion of walls at the junction of Stubba Council that this question was evolved as the result of much Member to the remarks I made wind in any future proposals. pointed out with regard to, the two this scheme is $10,000 for Crown Road with Morrison Gap Rond and raised by the local medical profes- thought, and practical experience when introducing the Liquor which it may lay before this shilling dollar at which the Esti tent and approximately $20,000 will permit of the widening of this sien as long ago as 1920- matoa wera drawn up, that it way for rates and taxes, in addition, marrow section for trafic being There has been considerable corudged to some extent from the the motion was passed the figure
Its results may think, b Duties, when I pointed out that Council. always difficult to estimato in the there will be a considerable area a rond improvement and not respondence with the focal branch excellent tone which prevails at which appears in the draft 08
Kowloon Improvements. middle of one year what the average of land adjoining available for in measure to cope with excessive of the British Medical Association The University, where the conduct timates and was, of course, based As the Honourable Me rate of orchange would be for the
and, with - ther Contral Fody of the students affords a worthy on then existing sources of revenue, pointed following your. In July last when mediate sale.
Checking Extravagance.
The remaining work on this London, and it is felt that local model for all other Universities in would have to be amended to the monts on the dollar waszt Bal. the averago was taken, ab. 2s 2d, and later this Hon. Member for the Justices of item cannot be proceeded with medical practitioners have bomo the East would endorse the figure of $1,800,000, 1
traffes wad redhord to an, and care would the Peace has referred to the any until the removal of Morrison Hill cause for complaint that patient viewer of my Honourable Trion! The motion was passed bo takon to watch the question of ingaffected in surfacing at the 8 further advanced and until ar who are in fonded of fissialaned that thin pegsent pursuer of I dard Connell and, the amended exchange during the year.
junction of Gascoigne and Nathan rangements have been made with to defray, thole radiemi expgader, tion may be depended upon to will be shown when the catim
.cd.
Ni
twelve to thirteen times.
Searchers' Office.
opening of a searchers' office at the
person could make complaints, there always being European officer in attendance.
Finally there had been a reduc-
men
MR. MESSER'S SPEECH.
Town Planning,
claimed areas.
rainfall.
Kowloon Point.
hand.
Honourable Members; tre firo- Dably fully aware that this sub cet has been very carefully con sidered by the Government during the past 12 months, and it was only last month that the policy of the Government was again declared in a reply to representations from
In view of the great diversity of
propos Joon
Are
?
the
and
ferry sub