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SATURDAY, NOVEMBER 28, 1925.
1512
WEST COUNTRY LORE.
Old Plant Dyes of Britain.
LORD CLIVE.
Memory Long Neglected.
A superstition still prevails in Sir William Forwood writos to tho West Country that it is of ill the Times: ömen to cat either blackberries As a boy in 1854, I was taken or mushrooms in October. The by my father (whosa anenstor had Devon folk give. as a reason that boon the rector of the parish when “the Dovil spits on them.” It is Lord Clive died) to Moreton Bay. not a pleasant idoo, and they are It was a quaint and picturesque avoided, writes "B.T." in the O-little church, hidden away amid ser. The less romantic inha- the green pastures of Shropshire, bitants of the South and East of the interior oven plainer than England have got rid of most of the exterior, the west end fitted anch old fears and fancies as still with a gallery of dark oak; or koop a romantic grip on the the north wall, was the minstrel Wostern coast all the way froin gallery, and boyond again the Land's. End to Skyo but no one pulpit, the rector, Mr. Upton, tak-i finds it easier to understand the ing off his surplice in the pulpiti reason than the visitor from the and carefully hanging it upon the East to the Wost. Walk by the side and putting on his black Goats Path from Lynmouth to gown in which he proached his the Hunter's Inn, and you will sermon. The minstrel gallery was scarcely avoid the sense that you occupied by four male, voices, a are beset by mystery all along the clarionet player, and a fiddler. route. Faces shaps themselves Fifty years later, in 1906, on a in the gargoyle rocks. Fairy motoring tour I again visited the landscapes open at your foot church. I found it had been very where the lichen and feather moss beautifully restored by a member join. The thick wet woods near of the Herbert) Clive family. See- the shores are queerly shapelessing that I was much interested and fantastic. The more nakedval in the changes mada, the thon leys, clad on both sides by bracken, rector, the Rev. Mr. Jacson, who now wholly yellow and red-brown, happened to be in the church, have a hugeness independent of came up to me and said: "You their acreage. Myth and legend appear to be interested in my live even in tourist-haunted con-little church. Do you know tres, and it comes scarcely as a where the minstrel gallery stood? surprise that even a well-edu- We have no record." I indicated cated man should be quite uneasy its position and inquired if he when asked zo much as to hold a know anything about the burial basket of devilfouled blackberries, of Lord Olive." He replied, "Lord! Contraste between the use and Clive lies under a certain row of neglect of the natural wealth of seats," which he indicated, the countryside continually meet: To put an end the continued) to one in the Wost, as they do not in the roport that he was buried at the East. A squatter from other the four lane ends, when we were climes, who picks the umbrella restoring the church I had that mushroom and eats the bolotüs vault opened, and there lies the with gusto, is regarded as almost great Lord Clive, the only record Golf-sacrificial. The mushroom of his death being a small brass harvest, always lavish, oven in plate over the vestry door, and This worst of mushroom years, is the only monument to him, either grossly neglected; and tons of in his nativo country or in India, large and luscious blackberries on is in Shrewsbury, the town in bake almost within town for which he was born.
village are quite neglected. Hap- I was so amazed at this state- pily at the samo time certain ment that on visiting India short- almost esoteric virtues in wildly after I made inquiries overy- planta aro appreciated in the West where, and although India bristles- as they are not in the East. with monuments, a regular necro-
A considerable number of coun-polis, I could find no record of try folk have some skill, for the work of Lard Clive, not oven example, in dyes. The picking of on the great Maidan in Calcutta. bilberries or whortleberries by I wrote to the Times from Cal- families gypsis on the Radnor cutta on February 8, 1907, and hills is almost an industry; and also to my friend Lord Cuzzon, only those who have tried to pick who had lately retired from the a pint or so of these shy tiny Viceroyalty, The Times wrote a fruits know what labour goes to leading article urging that such the harvest. The bilberry, like an obvious neglect should be the black-currant of the gardon, mado good, Lord Curzon also always preserves its value as a wrote a poweful letter to the dye; and perhaps in spite of the Times, with the result that an in- now expert work on artificial dyes,fluential committee was formed, local vegetable dye will hold tacir a sum of nearly £8,000 was sub- own, will even increase their scribed, and the reflection upon vogue. Most plants and fruits, our national approciation of the perhaps, are capable of yielding services of the builders of our A monument good and lasting dyes. It is known Empire removed.
to most house-keepers how very now stands outside the India Indelible a stain may be loft even Office by Tweed, another is plac- by the apparently colourless juice ed on the Maidan at Calcutta, of a pear. It rivals the outer case and Lady Herbert hus erected a of a walnut of the juice of the village ball at Moreton Say in his blackberry in its indelible quality, memory. But many of the best dyos come 'not from fruits, but from the more essential essence of the plant itself, the juice that is the vary being of the character.
USE OF LICHEN,
Leitrim, that the kelp industry. the burning of soaweed for the extraction of iudine, has been scotched by the iodine extracted from the Chilean nitrate beds. It
One; of the dye-plants appreci- is an odd detail in the chemistry ated here and there in Devon is of plants that these seaweeds of the grey-green lichen that flour-our western coasts are rich in ishes on the trunks of trees in the bromine as well as iodine, while wet woods or among the mosses in the Chilean deposits no doubt on the ground. It yields a green-the relic of prehistoric seaweeds, yellow dye of a sort and of anot a trace of bromine is found: quality scarcely to be found among The kelp industry is as good as, the coal-tar, products. The lichens dead, but some of the band sea- are characteristic of the West. weeds are still valued locally us We no not have them of euch
a source of brown-yellow dye;| sizu as islande on the other side and the revival of local crafts of the Atlantic, where they hang offers some hope of a companion in comic likeness to a goat's-revival of the art of extracting beard, from the trunks of New-such local dyes. foundland pines and give the] Even the duller and commoner) caribou their favourite, and most tints have their own charm when sustaining food. But almost every yielded by the plants we know. trae is lighendus. The mysterious In Skye and throughout the plant an inexplicable mixture of Western islands of North, Britain an alga, or nonwood, and a fun (where the tweeds come from), gustourishes only where the the art of extracting the essontai}] air is perfectly pure as well adjuice of the common, coarse, and moist. Not a single scrap is tolyot in its place most gorgeous be found within the circle of any ragwort is a common possession anufacturing town unless it is of the country people. When you peculiarly successful in consum-know the source of the dye you ing its own smoke,
can detect its strange fidelity to La in possible that lichen is its source. The brown of the convertible into good food, as are stalk and the yellow of the flower a good many sodwoods. Devon-combine and merge.and.come out shire people regard as a roal in different values according to luxury the seaweed called Laver, the amount of colouring used, or, which adheres to the rocks very perhaps, the nature of the wool. much as lichen to the trees. It has in this reference, some quaint many of the qualites in a higher discoveries have recently heon monsure of Iceland-moss,made in the capacity of the woola which had once a considerable of different broods of our shoop to vogue as a "thickener" (and gave take vegetable dyes; and the re- •
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