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Mr. J. CRAWFORD, Expert Masseuse, No. 2, Duddell Street, 3rd, floor. Hongkong.
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....Kowloon 21
FRIDAY, JANUARY 23, 1925.
HISTORY OF HONGKONG' ally conceded that the housing
PLAQUE.
conditions and general sanitation of Victoria at the tiroo wore deplorably bad and the Colony inviting pestilence.
The outbreak threw a great atrain on the small medical staff available nd members of the Army, Navy and Pollee were en- rolled to
with cope
various aspects of the disease. These, the
DR. SEVERN'S INTERESTING PAPER.-
Some curious storfes were tol yesterday at the Medien! Con-. ference by Dr. A. G. M. Severn, Lassistant M. O. H., in a history of and lay volunteers, showed
the plague which swept the Colony atmost courago under dificult and in the year 1894 and brought to trying circumstances and a silver, bear on the Colony the eyes of medal was struck in their honour: the whole scientifle world, for, it the lecturer exhibiting the only alarmed the world and along the one known to be fu the Colony," maritime routen from Hongkong
it was carried to other porta all over the eastern hemisphere.
The Bacillus Found.
The 'tention of the scientiae
It has taken thirty years to stamp out that plague entirely and word became focussed on Hong- the last notified case of rat or kong and research work was com- human plague in Hongkong was
menced, notably by Japanese neilleal men Dr. Kitasate was ¡in September 1923, Dr. Severni
remarked that the plague, which catly rewa ded by the discovery of, came from Yunnan, was undoubt the bacillus pestis on June 11. edly that which
1801, at Kennedy Twon hospital. was carried to India and which, in twenty years by far the most common type in Bubonic plague had always been had east ten million lives in that South China. Primary peumonie enuntry. He enused amusement when he related that the Govern- Hakong but authentic enges are plazaze was early recognised in
quent reward for all rats found! had to be stopped breatise the chinese Began to import the rodents from Canton for the sake
of the bonus,
الله
of Fure occurrence. This the speaker ensidered tentarkable In view of the ill-ventilated houses and over crowding.
When the lacillus was disgover-| In opening Dr. Severn revieweded a mass of evidence was collect- few facts concerning plagued but the majority of car in- which were now generally accept-vestigators seemed thisustvol with 2.1. He said it WHA 2 disense
the idea that Hubonic plage was affecting a group of rodents and primarily a gadro-intestinal - the human plague was but
onefection. The Indian Plague Com- of its aspects, It was not essen-missioners were left to determine |tially a Tropical disease but it
the sole of the rat and the est-fles generally occurred where there
ut plague. }was a lack of knowledge of sani-
tation. These defective sanitary) conditions prevailed in the tropics) and playue had become a typient disease of India, Chinn and the East generally.
Receding to China.
A Curious Belief.
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A curious belief in the immunity Sole Agents:-A. S. WATSON & COMPANY, LIMITED
piam smokers was prevalesk here, but this was shown to the s false unfion and had probably been spread by interested persons (Laughter). Contaminated water I had been known for about 2,000 years and was one of the numbers of d mestic wells were was blamed for a long time ami earliest diseases to be accurately toted, while even the water in the described from the Hnical stand-harbour was examined for sources point, although it had undoubtedly of contamina inn. The sanitary at times been confused with typhus state of Honk ng was wretchedy and other dsenses. Western bad in the plague year, particular- literature of the Middle Ages hade in central Victoria, and the frequent reference to it, and it habits and surroundings of the was during that peried of history Chinese were admittedly filthy in that it swept ever The knows the exeme. Back-to-back houses world in successive
were common, of a bad type, built death and desolation. It became like tunnels and structed by en lentie in England over a period cubicles and enck-lofts,
WWW
of
Houses
of 300 years and the notorious were damp and entirely deprived visitation of the Black Death in light and ventilation and base. Tonbon with its 90,000 victimsments and cellars were universally was but the dramatic culmination inhabited. First efforts a plague prevention were directed to this At the close of the 17th century state of affairs. improvements in sanitation
of minor outbreaks,
living standards caused the plague]
to recede from Europe to the more
Plague Centre Segregated.
About 10 acres of the congenial soil of the Fast, where densely populated par's of the it lay dormant in Central China
mos!
Manager..... Kowloon,533 and other remote areas until 1st city were resumed by the Govern
BARBOUR CALL FLAG 1.
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I. NAKAO
Japanese Shoe Expert. TORTOISE SHELL BOXES CASES A SPECIALTY
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in Bags of 250 lbs. nel.
HEWAN, TOMES & CO.
General Managera
longkong
in the 19th centuy.
In May 1894 the world was alarmed by a severe outbreak in Hongkong in which year more than 5,000 persons died of the disense Ann
smaller
mist, The "uhabitants evleted and housed elsewhere. The sireet of his area were walled up and guards posted to prevent ing ess 1-use-to-house visitations were instituted to discover the dead and infected. The infected were re- population than We have now, moved to a hulk that was moored Little was done, through lack of on the harbour and the tuspects knowledge. in the matter of quarantine,
How It Spread.
were taken to the Tung Wah hos. Inital for bservation. Those who had been in contact with the in- fented were provided with clean Owing to Hongkong's position clothes, their own and their bed- fas a centre of shipping the plague, ding being sent to a steam disin- it the course of two or three fecting station, the clothing being years, spread along the maritime tied up in sheets dipped in solution routes to many ports. Including of Jeyes Fluid and enveyed those of Japan, the Phillipines, through the streets in closed Pacific islands, South America, ba-keta. Madagascar and the Mauritius.
India was infected in
at-
Houses in which cases had ac 1896curred were disinfected and floors almst undoubtedly from and furniture scrubbed with a Hongkong, the first ease appear solution of Jeyes fuld and walls ing at Bombay. In
the subse-lime washed. A systematic dis quent 20 years the plague caused infection of the town was the loss of more than ten million tempted but was abandoned in lives in that country.
favour of a scheme of general Apparently the pingue came house cleansing in which European from Yuunan to Hongkong, about sanitary inspectors were constant- 900 miles. It was known to have ly employed, Districts were treated been endemic in Yunnan for many in rotation so that each tenement years and in 1893 Pakhol and then cases appeare! times a year. This was still car. it spread to house was cleansed about three
in Canton in January 1891 and infried cut with light modifiention the following May occurred the success. first cases
The in Hongkong.
Inoculation against Plague with number of deaths in Canton was what in described as "Haffkine's very great; they could not be Prophylactic fluid" was introduced accurately estimated but probably in 1902, but the publle did not take the fizure was round about 100,000. advantage of this. |There was great confusion aboul the disease and in 1895 la Maeno bubonic plague was pot diagnosed as such but known as "foul-gas | Wus
ever."
No M.Q.I. in Plague Year.
Chinese "Assistance."
So soon as the importance of rats app eciated comprehensive messures were put into force for the abolition of hollow walls, cell-
25th. Anniversary
REDUCTION SALE
10:
From January, 12th. to January, 31st.
10% to 30%
im
REDUCTION
all Departments.
Ladies are cordially invited to call
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MADAME FLINT
China
Building.
it was considered a better policy sands ra's, probably only a smail atriking. Other natural causes to exclude rata from dwellings as proportion of the rat population, have doubtless contributed to this far as possible and make such are collected weekly in this way end but Canton and the Straits and examined for evidence of Settlements had many cases of premises unattractive to them.
The Chinese often oljec'ed to plague. An infegted animal can-plague last year.
ings and stair nings. Rats were the disinfection which followed not always be traced to the house It was noteworthy that among In 1883 the Sanitary Board was caught in large numbers and sub-the finding of an infected rat and where I died but a valuable indien- our closely herded and cosmo- Instituted in Hongkong and on thejected to routine and microscopic failed to co-operate with the aution of the district is obtained and politan population approaching a The present system of suitable preventive measurea million the incidence of plague had
thorities.
two
MASSAGE outbreak in 1891 it was enlarged examination. A reward of rat-bins" had been effective. taken.
measures.
Not Yet a Health Resort,
been gradually reduced until Hong-` to extend its scope to anti-plague cents, later Increased to five cents,
kong could claim that there has It functions have re- per rat was offered but this had Small iron bias containing keo-
In concluson. Dr. Severn said been no notification of rat or mained until to-day. It was note to be stopped when it was found sene emulaton are bolted to lamp
pingue since. Septem worthy that there was no law to that the Chinese were Importing posts and other prominent place there was still a let to be done human enforce notification of deaths and them from Canton for the sake of and the public requested to place before Hongkong might be regard ber 1923.
dead rats therein. These were ed as a health resort, but the re- At the close of the paper --Majór no Medical Officer of Health was the bonus (laughter).
the bac.sults of 30 years of the medical Hingston remarked that it was appointed until 1895. In spite of Wholesale rat poisoning and collected and sent to
teriologist. Two or $7, Queen's Road, Contral." No 8 Quesa's Rd. C. Phons C.4395 the Sanitary Board it was gener- trapping was not a great success;
thou-and sanitary departments were (Continued on Puge 3.)
SCIENTIFIC OPTICIANS,
*
Mr. N. AKAJI ́Mro. E, AKAJI Fraduate of Tokyo massage
School
three