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→
CIVILSATION.
The Aim of Our Age.
bus continuous land from firescë, to Asia Minor and Palestine, and probably to Egypt. Thus, the |greater part of a continent yas femptied into a comparatively small area. The low-lying land to the Mr. W. Kay, of Queen's College, south af Graeco, of which Crete gave an interesting paper at the Tai-and the Greek islanda are the sur koo Literary Association last viving fragments, would be the evening, entitled "Some Ancient most attractive regions within the Civilisations, which was much reach of the refugees. Unfortunate
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After dealing briefly with various other civilisations including Greëcë, concluded. Socially and moral Rome, India and China, Mr. Kay it is difficult to compare our selves with the best civilisatieas of the Ancient World. A century
We give an abridged the earth's crust began to founder, (seecuat of the paper as follows: and the excess of the population Mr. Kay said: What is civilisa-began to look out for pastures now. tion? It is a significant and hope- ful sign that, with the passage of years, this question is being asked more frequently by thinking people; ing lines of extension-the narrow which means that those who take a strip of vory fertile valley along broad, unbiassed view of things, the banks of the Nile, and the past and present, are not unequally fertile region which we duly impressed or satisfied with now caH Mesopotamia. This Man's achievements up to data, concentration of peoples led to: The word civilisation comes from social life, to interchange of ideas, barbarous Greeks- from the main-existent. So our denpivilisation had been very poor indeed for so the Latin "civis," meaning to the pitting of wit against wit-land. But Crete had done its is still in its teenk I citizen and is used about the and that is the secret of human works For 3,000 years the islanders
long a period. The answer of cours states and systems on this planet progress, rather than the bloody had peacefully developed their civil-evolution of civilisation. On the After Nebuchadnezzar's death e
Egypt played a grand part in the is War. since 5000 and 6000 B.C.
muscular contests called
wariaation and though this was almost tombs of the governors and officials period of decay set in and the We all know that our ancestors The latter may produce anima totally obliterated, yet some seed who lived and died 5,000 years Babylonian was finally destroyed Kowloon 21 spent a tremendously long time in evolution by a survival of the fit fell on fertile ground on the main ago wa read: "He gave bread to by Cyrus the Persian. It is some a slow sscent from brute savagery test, but for the promotion of the land of Europe. This, in later the hungry, drink to the thirsty, thing to know that the Babylonian to the seriest primitive civilisation. human qualities, social and mental years, bore fruit in the new and and clothes to the naked." Empire with all its errors played a To us it seems a long way off to wa want a rivalry and friendly STEAM LAUNCH FOR SALE. the days of Queen Elizabeth or the conflict of intelligence and ideal more brilliant, civilisation of the Probably he did not but these great and beneficent part in the very declarations show that the drama of humanity before it died Norman Conquest; it is a far cry to but above all, we want peace.
The Mingling of Peoples. ideals on which Europe prides the days of Julius Caesar ar to the Crete was one of the chief centres Passing to Egyptian civilisation itself to-day as belonging to herself
Christ time when taught in and one of the few surviving frag the lecturer said: Here, as in Crete, Jerusalem; farther still when Aex-ments of the submerged region in we End evidence of the Stone Age, Europe had emerged from bar were familiar in old Egypt before ander the Great overthrew the the East Mediterranean. We do gradually, by almost imperceptible bariam. gigantic but rotten Empire of not know the exact period when steps passing into that state which Let us now leave Egypt and the Darius, while those days when the the region was flooded but; it wasiwn call civilisation. There has Nile Valley sad axamine some of Pharoobs built their pyramids and long before the beginning of civili-been a great deal of controversy the discoveries made in the valley ago wo were not ahead of them the Sumerians their cities seem to sation. The ancient Greeks bad about the early Egyptians but all of the Euphrates. Until recent as in the year of Waterloo 80 per be lost in the mists of antiquity. legend about an ancient civilisation agree that there was a great times not a trace of Ancient Baby- cent. of Londoners were illiterate, Yet what are these 60, 70 or 80 being swamped by s mighty food, mingling of populations in early lanian or Assyrian cities remained. the popular sports were cruel and centuries compared to the thousande and this was probably a traditional Egypt, and this gives us use Tet in spite of all this, ancient barbarous, the politics were rotten, of centuries during which our remembrance of the Neolithic or of the essential conditions of Babylon was known by repute all the courts anything but just and ancestors were dimly and faithfully New Stone Age region of the Medi-progress-a clash of peoples and over the earth and it is stood as a the housing conditions foul. But groping their way to the light? terranean. At 10,000 B.C., Crete cultures. The remarkable, collec: type and symbol of the ancient since then enormous Bad rapid was an island and the centre of tion of goda and goddesses in Old world; rich, powerful, wise in its strides have been made and to day a developing Neolithic civilisation. Egypt is one of the proofs of this way, but extremely wicked and the average type in every class is After dealing with the prehistoric For 6,000 years the people lived a intermingling. In Egypt the num elementary in its ideas of morals and probably higher and more humane achierements of Man, including Neolithic life until they began to use ber of deities was bewildering and religion. The literature of Babylon, to-day than ever, and there is moroid amongst many things the domes-metal, and within a century they their grotesque animal forms are written on clay and baked into zeal for idealistic and charitable tication of animals" and the passed on to the phase of what opt to surprise people who see stone is the least perishable in the movements. discovery of metals, Mr. Kay scholars definitely call civilisation. them in European museums. The world. The result is that we have p Our Own Age. - pointed out that when the million
Cretan Civilisation.
most outrageous and primitive Ears apprenticeship of Man was:
superstitions seem to have flourish considered, and despite the marvels Mr. Key then described some ofed side by side with a superb art cl the 19th and 20th centuries, we the Bads of the excavators *
and a very high code of morals. must humbly admit that civilisa-Knossos, such as the development From the remains discovered in tion is still merely a surface veneer, of a sewage system-a thing Egypt we get a picture of the "a thin veneer of aspirations and unknown in Lendon 800 years ago people who lived by the banks of fine sentiments that is endeavour and drafts superior to anything old Father Nila six seven izg to control and finally known in bistcry till the middle of thousand years ago. They dwelt subdue the animal passions the 19th century. He continued: in mud huts-ax many still grown streng during 1,000,000 years Religion did not count for sado-and cultivated the soil. There of unrestrained activity, to say much in the lives of the early Was s "boss" to each village nothing of the millions of Cretans as in the lives of the ancient who was supposed to years of unrestrained antecedent Egyptians and Babylonians. No the irrigation trenches and to levy animal life which have left their large temples or idols have been so say baskets of corn from each deep mark on the bodily frame we discovered. Domestic shrines and hut for the higher authorities. As bave inherited. The real story of small statuettes of goddesses have usual the priests were interested in civilisation lies in the future. been found-probably the original keeping the people just as they Mother Earth goddess or fertility were in ignorance and so we goddess of so peoples. The frescoes on the palace headed deities, as well as the many primitive have the bark beaded and cattle walls, roody of which are beaut sacred cate and beetles of older fully preserved, show men and days women of the must pleasant grace.
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Prehistoric Man.
Continuing, Mr. Kay said: Until 20 or 30 years ago we thought that civilisation developed first in Egypt and Mesopotamia, and that it was gradually brought from there to Europe. So one bas ever understood why it should have begun in the valleys of the Nile and Euphrates. and a great deal of nonsense has been talked about the superior wisdom of the East. Since the year 1900, bowever, a remarkable civilisation has been unearthed in Crete and the story of the evolu tion of civilisation begins to be beautifully intelligible.
1 HAVE THESE REFERENCES OF YOU CARE TO. LOOK AT THEM ·
a very intimate knowledge of the Where our age is undeniably in Babylonians and what do we find? advance of all others is in its knowle Instead of the awful state of moral ledge and practical application of depravity suggested by the Hebrew science and it is by this means legend we find a science, an art, a that mankind will be uplifted in the gravity and sobriety of character future, for science is making the and a moral and social idealism of world a more comfortable place to the most admirable and advanced live in and this helps the mind. description.
Science Bighting against The Minimax Wage. disease hitherto considered sa A modern worker will learn punishments and plagues, it ia with surprise that in. Mesopotamis alleviating pain, it is removing.
獎 see to 4,000 years ago there
reimum wage for every worker ty, for these depend largely on
a moral disease and mental infirmi
one-fifth of this most ancient of gradusly permitting fairer condi. in the Kingdom and that nearly material conditicar, and is i all codes was taken up with tigas for all. But a lot has li this concern for the workers. Wom-to be done. We apply science to an bad in the law her own property things military and catal-to des her husband. The laws against im-to industry to invent machines for and equal right of divorce with troy human life: we apply science morality were excessively severe, beyond the imaginations 64the An the sentence for adultery being cient Babylonians or Athenisas, ful forms, magnificently clothed of the priests. The types of car.
But progress took place in spite death. Roth the man and woman, we apply science to discover the and, looking in many respects as ving and pottery steadily improved. The Babylonians regarded life mind, but we do pot consult
were drowned.
evolution of the body and the tonishingly modern. The women and picture writing developed.. bava low-necked bodices and richly
after death as a dim unknown re- when we confront the impertec ounced skirts reaching to
Mr. Kay then passed on to the gian about which they didn't moral condition of the world and ground, and both men and women by the kings in order to preby side with priestly myth and from age to age.
pyramids which be aid were built trouble themselves greatly. Side the poor general ferel of character. seem to have worn something in serve their tombs from desecration. legends, the Babylonians were the nature of corsets. Dancing. It had been computed that the developing a promising sinence. tion of Civilisation says: "What
As Joseph McCabe in his Evoli girls in semi-transparent drapery largest pyramid, must have taken They had elementary mathematics is the end of life? It is whatever Bad beautifully formed youths with 100,000 men and 20 years to build. and a wonderful naked eye astro-we choose to make it it is whst silver girdles bearing gold mounted, It contained 2,000,000 blocks of nopy. Owing to the lack of stone, we choose to make collectively, The height of this Cretan civil cups, appear on other frescoes. stone each averaging 2 tons.temples palaces etc, were built of We are going to develop what isation is indeed later than the Gambling boards made of ivory, Near one of the pyrymids a wooden brick. The city recently uncover clearly most worth developing palmy days of the Egyptian and rock crystal and enamel, as well as statue of a man bad been found-oled by, the excavators belongs to a us-intelligence, refinement, char- Babylonian civilisations; but there artistic cups and vases made of the vulgar type-which was probate date, 630-70 BC. The walls so er, health. We are going, t is no doubt that it was an crigical gold and silver have been been ably a likeness of the "boss" of tone of the seven wonders of the eliminate development giving as much to unearthed.
paio, mbappiness one of the gangs of men who were ancient world) were 12 miles reund, ignorance, coarseness, violence, Egypt as it received, from that
Unfortunately, no scholar bas yet compelled to buikl the pyramid. 8 feet thick and 800 feet high. poverty as far as poisible. We are country. It had a great fleet on been able to decipher the language We in the 20th century, Two chariots could gallop abreast to have a hoodred commonwealth the Mediterranean, it founded cities of this people though we have plenty said Mr. Kay, heir to all that on the top of the walls. These and 10,000 cities competing in the Auch as historie Troy in Asia Minor of inscriptions: and it is not impro-, has been ducemplished in and in some of the Grecian islands, bable their alphabet which gave rise past,
walls were decorated with immense arts of peace. The conditions as well as in Sicily. But before to that of later Europe.
not judge Egypt bulls and drags in coloured tiles.progress on a higher plane will
These are but a few fragments of provided only after narrowly by our, modera guing further let us see why it frescoes, statues and works of art standards.
the str should be that
respects the very large knowledge we now have cessed to exploit the we we find three generally yield a picture of a merry it was better than that of Europe possess of Ancient Babylon, ita cul when the swords have been besten civilisations all far removed from refined life. where woman seems to 1000 years ago or England 500 tore and people. If we take the be-into ploughshares, when men of each other developing independ-have been the equal of men. ! years ago. The great art of Italy paing of the 19th century AD, different races cere to regard About the year 1.400 B. C. the represented by Raphael, Leonardo, before modern science and the de- other as aliena. When the war To those far off prehistoric days whole of this interesting civilisation Mjubael Angelo and others had rut mocratic movement had begun to drims best no longer and the the Ice Age drove the barbanc in-was wiped out. Palaces and towns even begun a thousand years ago and i change the face of the world, we battle flags are forled, In the habitants of Europe along the were bursed and laid in ruins in the 14th. century in Britain art should bave to admit that the ad- Tarliament of Man, the federation easiest line of retreat which was by 缸 invasion of semi. or culture were practically non- vance on the Babylonian civilisation of the world.
entis.
Another Prospect
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