+-
BRITISH ARMY THE HEALTHIEST.
VALUE OF SERUM IN THE WAR
Presiding at the annual meet- ing of the Research Defence Society at the House of the Medical Society of London, 1ly-Chandos-street, Cavendish- square, Lord Knutsford said there bad never been a time when the arguments and methods of anti- vivisectionists had been more axposed and more discredited than during the past few years. To-day there were comparatively few people who doubted the necessity for experiments on" animals, and very few who doubt- ed that the experiments were carried on mercifully and without pain. The whole medical and surgical history of the war was a most complete and final answer to the anti-vivisectionist agita- tion, No one would stand for & moment the torturing of animals for any purpose. There was now a better state of public opinion than axisted in the days of the blown dog." and they did not get letters threatening the hell Sre of which their opponents seemed to have a surplus stock. It only created a smile now to talk of Pasteur as a charlatan and of Lister as a brute.
That society had done useful work, and, while they could not declare dividends, they could show large profits. Early in the war they had taught soldiers the great use of protective measures, and their opponents had utterly failed to convince the soldier," even with the bribery of a pound of chocolate. The anti-vivisection- ists were very anxious to pass in Parliament the Dog Bill, but it
be thrown out
would passed with
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Govern- ment amendment that that society would be glad to accept. People asked him why it was necessary to use dogs at all." The chief reason was because they were the only animals whose organism most nearly approached that of human beings. He was proud to belong to that society which was trying so hard to spread the real truth and to obtained all the supplies we British and American volunteers. spread it fairly. Their endeavour could get from America, but it who also was to protect the men who took time. In August, Septem. attack of infected lice. It was were subjected to the were working for the benefit of ber, and October, 1914, our troops proved that the way in which humanity from being foully were to a great extent trench fever was conveyed was libelled, as they had been by the uninoculated and the result was through the lice, and the result of other side.
an appalling amount of tetanus. a great deal of energy being Sir Anthony Bowlby, Surgeon-Shortly afterwards almost every directed towards this important one was able to be inoculated. military question was that they means of
in Ordinary to the King, gave an The ratio of the number of cases developed a simple address ca Experimental Me dicine and the Sick and Wounded of tetanus to the number of treating the clothing and killing in War." He said the Medical wounded was about six times as the lice by baking the clothes Service of the Army was largely high in September, 1914, as it was in earth ovens or Russian pits. concerned with the prevention ofn November, and nine times as Soon trench fever went down by disease and the measure of suc high as it was in December of the leaps and bounds as a result of cess was estimated daily by the same year. Those were the this vivisection experirent car- returns of men lost to the Army official figures, and they could not ried out on me.
by sickness. The British Army have had a more direct though They were able to prevent the bad been the healthiest army unintentional experiment. That spread of dysentery and to cure in this war. The average Briton was an example of the use of it more rapidly than they had. was naturally a cleanly animal. serum.
ever done before. -Next be
Strangely Experiments developed during enough, the prevalence of this was a person who ordinarily understood
the year and books might be, and disease was due to our success in а rea- sonable explanation, and sup probably would be, written on the the Battle of the Somme in 1916. ported and helped them in their subject. The Army had a formid for as our troops advanced, they endeavours. In our Army Medicalable opponent in gas gangrene, got into ground infected by the Service we had a body of men and during the war they learned Germans' previous presence there. who, as trained experts on hygiene, that it was not the case of a Very interesting experiments had were unequalled in any other single organism, but of three. A led to the most valuable discovery country on the face of the globe. trivalent serum was produced by Sir John Rose Bradford and They had constantly lectured to which was of very great value. Captain Wilson of filter-passing all the combatant officers, who Trench fever was a formidable organisms, and the discovery had had been made the means of foe because of its frequency, and thrown a flood of light upon spreading their principles and experimental evidence was ob- zymotic diseases which affected
tained by the use of both everybody in civil life.
practice.
a result,
Was that to come
The Army had, as 'become an extraordinarily healthy army, and consequently had won the war. That was because of the very small amount of sick wastage. The strength of an Army depended upon the number of fit men in the field. The hygiene of today was based upon the experimental medicine of yesterday, and it the. hygiene of to-day had saved our men bome, as well *LS to fight. The incidence of enteric fever had been small as a result of treatment. Unfortunately for the French Army, in the early days of the war they had been obliged to make an experiment on colossal scale. There was no time to inoculate the soldiers and, to a great extent at the beginning of the war the French Army was an uninoculated army. The re- sult was that between August 1 and April they had as many as 60,000 cases, of enteric
a
our
At the beginning of the war in France we had a truly terrible. attack of tetanus: among wounded-and-everybody was -surprised and alarmed at the extent to which our troops degėloped tetanus and died of it in this country: The prevalence of the disease had not been antie cipated and consequently; thera phylactic tarum in Thønumber of
EARLIER TELEGRAMS.
ROYAL AIR FORCE COLLEGE.
London, August 5.
The Air Ministry announces that a Hoyal Air Force Cadet College for training officers of the Air Force will be opened in February. Fifty-five cadets will be admitted by the same competitive examination as for Sandhurst and Woolwich and cadetships of the Navy, Candidates may com pete for one or more of the above colleges and cadetships alternatively at the same examination which will be held in November. Candidates must be aged between 173 and 19 on January 1, 1990, and must pass a medical examination. The course at the college will last for two years.
FEDERAL DEVOLUTION. -
London, August 4
In the House of Commons Mr. Bonar Law stated that the, Speaker would preside over the Parliamentary Com mittee on Federal Devolation. He hoped to announce the composition of the Committee before the recess.
THE HAVRE LOCKOUT.
Havre, August 6.
he lxkout has ended by agreement between the
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BRITAIN'S VICTORIOUS LEADERS.
London, August 4.
The Times" says: The Government will propose in Parliament to grant one hundred thousand pounds sterling each to Admiral Sir David Beatty and Marshal Sir Douglas Haig, fifty thousand pounds to Admiral Jellicce and smaller suos to Generals Allenby, Plumer, Horne, Byng, Rawlinson, Birdwood, Milae and Trenchard, altogether £600,000.
London, August 5.
In the House of Commons the Speaker read a message "from the King which the Premier handed him, stating that His Majesty v taking into consideration the eminent was service of the commanders of the sea, land and air forcen and, desiring in recognition thereof to confer on them some sigual mark of bis favour, recommended to House of Com- mans to enable him to make all the following grants. Admiral Beatty £100,000; Admiral Jellicoe £30,000; Admirala Madden, Stardee, Keres, Derbeck and Trywhitt each £10,000. Sir Douglas Hug £100,000 Generals French, Allenby each; £50,000; Generals Plummer, Rawlinson, Byng, and Horne each £30,000 Bir Maurice Hankey £25,000; Sir Henry Wilson, Sir William Robertson, and Sir Trenchard each £10,000. The message was unanimously referred to the Committee of Bupply.
THE FIUME QUESTION.«
Paris, Angust 4. The Petit Journal" saya a speedy settlement of the Firme question is likely as Signor Tutoni agreed to pro posal nasuring freedom of trade in Finns. He will int London and emfer with Mr. Lloyd George as regards the details still unsettled.
SUSPICIOUS CHARACTERS.
Paris Ades: Two lofterers near M. Clameness's home were arrest- revolvers and a dagger,
ed and found to possess two They attempted to
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