*
WAR DISEASES.
WILL THEY SPREAD AMONG
CIVILIANS?
A medical correspondent of the
Manchester Guardian writea ——
The majority of war diseases: are well known in times of peace. Others are old foes under new naries: "trench nephritis" is the inflammation of the kidneys on account of which thousands of soldiers were invalided in the American Civil War, and the mysterions "trench fever" is believed to be the "five-day fever" of the Middle Ages Modern warfare, with its inevit- able conditions of strain, ex- filth, and overcrowding, posure, has given all such diseases a heightened prevalence. It is only reasonable to expect that the re turn of peace will witness a corresponding decline. Recently, however, fears have been express- ed that demoblisation may lead to the spread of war infectious among the civilian population. la tha case of some diseases this fear is early groundless. Tetanus lock-jaw) was at one time prevalent aurong our -wounded in Franer: but tetanus
THE HONGKONG TELEGRAPH, FRIDAY, FEBRUARY 21, 1919.
MOUTRIE PIANOS
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MOUTRIE'S
DYSENTERY.
The causes and conditions of infection in dysentery are als well known.
lemands for its development a Woand which has been soiled by earth in which the special gen of the disease has been deposited
There are two by horses UF cattle. These
in types of the disease, une due to conditions were present varying degrees on the western the aueba of dysentery ami the front-the valley of the Aisuc, other to the bacillus of dysentery, fox instance, was more deadly than the soil renn Ypres but they certainly do not obtain in ordinary eivil life.
in
HOT MEAL TICKET.
ANOTHER STORY FROM THE FRONT.
from the
What is described as the Amoebic dysentery was respon-must inventive story sible for the universal sickness front is told in Manchester titard. in Gallipoli for an increasing as circulated in the closing amount of illness. in France. stages of the war,
The
Bacillary dysentery appeared wa At this time the story gues) | The cass is somewhat different most every fighting frout when the Germans were surrendering with such diseases as malaria, the weather was suitably warm.in large bitches. The Intelli- dysentery, and trench fever.
In pre-war England the former any one of them a patient may type of the discuse was fure amigence Officer when he went to the prisoners was at once met with remain a possible surge of the latter was on the decline, cries of "Hot meal, hot meal." He fection to his fellers for a co-though it was still recognised as was surprised, but the men kept siderable perial, so that the the cause of limite epidemics in shouting Hut meal!" some of possibility of their further sprea asylums and other institutions if them rubbing their stomach in proce m (25% be almittel.
In both forms of the disease into emphasise their demand. Influenza is teaching us what infection is acquired from foi anfhear broke it to thei that fection can mean, and therefore drink which have been con- there way nothing doing we probably tend to
exataminated from the discharges of in hot meals. Thereupon the gerate the risks from other dis-
very Germans began to pull out eases which aunot compare with the invalid and it is
mpare with probable that flies are the most leaders carefully hidden away in important agents in this process their clothes (for it would have Modern treatment gives ex-been severe punishment for them vellent realis in amoebi to have been found! with the dysentery, and has also distinctly leaflets, and shouted Ticket reduced the motility in the for hot meal-ticket?"
inturnza LI the infectiousness.
MALARIA.
10
The
The coalitions under which aualaria is spread are now well understoel. The specific cause aver baciliary form. In surprise officer found that they of malaria is the Plasmo in lysentery, as in typhoid fever, were leaflets, apparently distri malarive, a protozan of which we meet with so-called "carriers" bute from the air, telling Fritz there are three species ench gir- of the disse persons who to come in and surrender and he ing rise to a distinctive type of harbour the genus and who are woull get a hot meal. The In malarial fever, This parasit ezpable of infecting others, though telligence Officer told them in brief szems to exist only in infected they themselves show no symp-military language that there was a hamen beings and the female tous of the disease, and this mistake, but the Germans kept the problem of shouting that Englishmen always of cae particular genus of complicates mosquithe a pheles. Tuman prevention. But when a case is kept their word"Hot meal, hot It completes on asexual series of recognised as dyenteric the meal!" One of them even developmental changes; in the microscope can tell us when the shoute 1 "Coupon for hot rasal' mosquity it goes througlia sexual danger of infecting others has holding up his leaflet. cycle. This means that when a cease:
The story ends with the re- ti believe that the merk that as, of course, the mosquito has bitten an infectious reason malarial man finite interval Army Medical Service is less livision had to set to work at must elapse before it can transmit careful in this respect that is the cave to cook hot meals for the the infection to another human superintendent of a fever hospital Germans, and so were unable to victim; and that an interval mus: when discharging a convalescent get on with their fighting, the also elapse before a man who has case of typhoid, Modern sanitary advance at that point was some received the plasmodium from the conditions are abolishing typhoid what slow. bite of one mosquito can puss it fever, and it is reasonable to be-
and there is no
01: tu another. Anophelinelieve it under these conditions mosquitoes are not unknown indysentery, which closely re-
England-in Sue weather they sembles typhoid in its mode of from its effects upon the heart may even abound in certain dis spread, cannot gain much footing and nervous system. We cannot tricts in the south and east. here. Demobilisation will prob-define the duration of its infect Malarial patients in our hospitais ably be largely carried out in the iousness, for stue men have had and elsewhere can supply the winter and spring, and not in recurring attacks for many microscope necessary reservoirs of infection, the fly season, and this shoul! months, and the
Like typhus so that it is not surprising to lessen what chances there are of cannot assure us. learn that cases malaria such diseases as trphoid, malaria, fever, it is spread by filth and. acquired in England have been and dysentery spreading at home. Jovercrowding and typhus once a plague in England, is now a recorded during this war.
rarity. Sanitation has killed it.
serious outbreak of malaria j
bis
TRENCH FEVER.
$19
The risk of anything like a Trench fever is not yet fully We need hardly therefore, fear slight. The climate of England elucidated. There is no general that the miler infection from differs from that of the moalaris-greement as to the organism the trenches will do us serious
responsible for the disease, and hart. sconrged tropics, and our sanitary the diagnosis has to be made from Disease in war is dramatic and " conditions are not those of the the symptoms of the case- Eugland of Sir Thomas Browne, headache, drowsiness, pains in the diseases of peace, which are arrests attention, while we forget who once complained that among the shins and the back, the
much more serious. Such great patients
Norwich
enlargement of the spleen, and killera
tuberculosis and *there have been, and are the character of the temperature venereal disease we have always still many quartane agues." From the course of the tempera- Sir William Osler has assured us are also different forms of the with us. The significance of that he does not know of 80 disease are recognised.
infant mortality is not realised district in a temperate climate may be one short bont of fever, by the public. "In 1915, while where malaris has re-established which rapidly snbaides; the fever nine of our soldiers abroad died every hour to save their country, itself after having once been cradicated. It has been definitely may recur at intervals for
the same time, to the scandal of "proved that malaria can be abol longer period, a month or six twelve babies died at home in
weeks; or the initial fever may their country."
"This will stop. shed from ang locality if a remain high for a fortnight or only when public opinion says afrennous scientific crusade is longer. There are good grounds maintained against the mosquito: for believing that lice are the that it must anch in offensive includes the killing of the adult mosquito the carriers of the infection, and where these vermin have been
There
drainage of the marshes where it attacked the disease has corres
lives and the suffocation of ita
larval forms by spreading a film
of petroleum over the surface of
pondingly declined.
Trench fever does not kill, but
the pools where they are found it has led to much disablement
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