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THE HONGKONG TELEGRAPII, MONDAY, JANUARY 27, 1919.
A TALK ABOUTBOOKS,
THE FOLK-LORE OF THE BIBLE
Mr. Edmund Gose, C.B. writes in the Daily Chorside se follows: —
An interesting book might be written, giving, without heat or prejudice, a history of the strug gle that has taken place within the last three-quarters of a cen tury
between the Bibliolatry which regarded Genesis as a plain statement of fact and the science which demanded that Nature should be listened to. With Sir James Frazer's three stately volumes ("Folklore in the Old Testament": Macmillan and Co.) before me it amuses me to think, what would have been the fate of this learned author at the beginn-: ing of Victoria's reign. His at titude is reverent and pious in the highest degree, but he says things about Abel and Abraham that Voltaire, would not have dared to
805.
Sixty years ago what a bubbub there would have been over his ohapter on the Fall of Man. Orthodoxy would have bom hinsted out of a thousand pulpits, and burning at the stake would have been judged too mild forso horrid a revolutionary. There are peo ple alive who can just remember the scandal caused after 1844 by The Vestiges of Creation."
of which the geology, as Darwin said, was
**bad
and the zoology "far worse," but in which a first effort was made to get free from the Pentateuchal cosmogony. What a chasm divides the timidity of Robert Chambers from the firm and cool judgment of Sir James Frazer! Bu: 1859 has come be- tween them, with the ordeal of "The Origin of Species."
THE DESCENT OF A DARWIN,
As Huxley says somewhere, Darwin was received with an "outpouring of angry nonsense." One of my own earliest memo- ries is an echo of the pitched battle at Oxford, when Bishop Willberforce-no less a person!! asked, in full seance of the British Association, whether
Darwin
was descended from
a gorilla on the grandfather's or the grandmother's side. Of such rough abuse even Robertson Smith, in a much later day, had some savage experience. But Sir James Frazer has soared above this dust and din. I think that no evangelical band of fanatics will gather to break his windows in Brick-court. Just 30 years bave passed since his essay Pausanias revealed a new and delicate writer of English. Two years later the first instalment of The Golden Bough" began the series of solid works, all directed to the same point, which have made him the most eminent of British and probably European anthropologists. us, people of letters, he is singularly endeared sedulous cultivation of style, in by his which Addision is patently his; master. "Science must not claim him exclusively, for literature has his allegiance also.
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In the successive volumes of his "Golden Bough" Sir James Frazer investigated the fields of inquiry which broaden out from one extraordinary and romantic point in the folk-lore of the ancient Italians. In his new book he does the same for the ancient Hebrews. All civilised races have at some time or other emerged
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from a state of primal savagery, and traces of barbarism survive in their habits and customs. A sort of prudery has forced the majority of students svade any discussion of such relics in the Jewish scriptures, although the least reflection would suggest that these also
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produces them, like fossile out of EL PALACIO
a rook. In doing this he is not absolutely an innovator, but I am sure that no one before him has carried the investigation of survi- vala nearly so far as he has, or has brought such a wealth of detail to their illustration.
THE SPIRIT AND THE LETTER.
His plan is to take certain features of Old Testament narr- ative, and to distinguish between the imperishable monument of spiritual religion which the text presents, and the baser elements, survivals of savagery, which lie buried in it. He produces, the result of his prodigious industry, a multitude of parallel instances from the folk-lore of the world. For example. the story of the Deluge, which Huxley treated from the geological point of view, recurs in more or less degree in every part of the globe.
Sir James Frazer tells us how this legend arcse, and how it comes to be so widespread. The traditions take, in remote peoples, grotesque forms. In East Africa it is believed that the human race descends from a hyena; in Madagascar the crocodile is look- ed upon as a kinsman, and if this erring brother has to be dragged out of the river and executed for gobbling up a native, he receives, none the less, the honours of family burial. The Baronga are convinced that the chameleon brought death into the world and all our woe, and they avenge this wrong to mankind by throwing a pinch of tobacco into the reptile's mouth, whereupon it expires in many colours. There is no limit to the multitude of fantástic legends which Sir James Frazer collects from all quarters of the barbaric world.
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James Frazer had a humble pre- cursor, whom I do not think that he names. But the pages of "Folk-lore of the Old Testament have frequently reminded me of the picturesque folio 07 "The Ancient Religions Before the Flood," compiled in 1613 by the Rev. Samuel Purchas, and known as his "Pilgrimage." Purchas, as beseemed his clerical profession, (Capital Paid up...$1,250,000.) expressed a due horror of the beastly and deformed supersti- tions of the heathen, but he set down every scrap of them that he could collect with all the gusto of a convinced folk-lorist.
The book before us forms an excellent text on which might be preached
to the people who write irritating Surveys of Recent Literature and the like, in which they record little else then the feats of a thousand ephemeral novelists. When will these critics, these self-styled historians of liters- ture, learn that fiction is not the only, ΠΟΤ even the most bonourable, form of literary energy? It is quite proper that the many novelists who are genuine artists should receive their meed of praise. It is, also quite proper that works of pure science should not be classed with literature on account of the information they contain; but on those rare occasions when their form ia 2.5 precious their matter, it is АД im- pertinence to pass them over. On these volumes of Sir James Frazeres at
another recent publication which occurs to me, The Idea of God," by Mr. Pringle-Fattison-there is not merely expended enough mental energy, but enough skill in style to furnish. about nine hundred of the novels which are published today and bound into sheaves for the burning to-morrow...
85
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