SURVEYING TIBET.
THE STORY OF A SECRET SERVICE.
The only Englishman who ever got to Lhassa was Thomas Manning, of Caius College, Cambridge, the friend and correspondent of Charles Lamb, and subsequently the Chinese interpreter te Lord Amherst's Embassy to Pck- ing. He went there, however, not to please the British Government, but to please himself; and be was so disgusted with the official treat- ment meted out to him on his return that he refused to tell any one anything about his journey. Since then the door bas been closed to Englishmen, and to all persons known to be in British employ; but the India Office never- theless knows it about Lhassa. It not only possesses the loose and vague information that naturally flows across a frontier. It' possesses exact information and accurate maps-much better maps than any that the Lamas have. Colonel Y unghusband, beyond question, is taking excellent maps with bin on his present journey. How, the curious will wonder, has this beemanared? It has been managed by the Secret Service branch of the Indian Survey Department, which is one of the most roman tically interesting secret services in the world. It is, of course, of the essence of a Service that it should be secret. There are men who have spent twenty
years in India without becoming aware of the existence of this service. But secrecy is a matter of degree. Absolute secrecy was impossible, and does not seem, to have been aimed at.
The secret agents have talked. Within limits they have even been allowed to talk. The Indian Govern- ment has itself revealed some of the secrets while ostensibly imparting geographical is formation in Blue-hooks, One can piece things together, and tell the story of the
Service.
The Service was organised, far back in the sixties, by Colonel Montgomerie, who had him self done admimble work as a surveyor of the Himalayas, having triangulated 91.000 square miles, measured the height of K2, and taken observations from peaks of over 22,000 feet How to survey "the back of herand" was his problem; and his plan was to train native explorers who would be able to travel where "white men would certainly be suspected and would probably be murdered.. 'He recruited his agents, and taught them what it was good for them to know, but was careful not to teach them too much. They were taught. for example, to make a route survey by taking bearings with a compass and pacing the distances, and to take meridian altitudes with a determine altitudes. But they were not taught to reduce their observations, nor supplied with
sextant to
astronomical tables. for fear lest they should "fake" fictitious work. When trained they were sent forth secretly, in suitable disguises abandoning their names, and one may almos say their individualities, being known thence. forward only by mysterious initials, or numbers, or symbolic designations. We hear of them as "Pundit A" as "K.P," as "Number Nine,"
as "the Mirza," "the Muliah," the "Havildar," and the like.
A GLIMPSE OF THE GRAND LAMA.
At first the Government did not fay its hands on the right me, and there were difficulties.
The first explorer, one Mahammad-i-hamid who went to Yarkand by the Karakoraff, died at Leh, on his return home, ander very suspicious circumstances. The second, a Patban, happened to be implicated in a blood feud in the country to which he was despatched. He diverged to attend to it, with fatal results: and his papers were collected and sent back. with compliments by the Akhund of Swat, Pundit B started for Lhassa, but lost nerve, and went off in another direction. The first reaf "And" was Pundit A.
Pundit A, when his identity was allowed to be disclosed, turned out to be a certain Nain Sing a Bhutiya subiect of the British Government, born at Milan, in Kumaun. He had travelled with the Schlagintweits in 1856 and 1857, and entering the Educational Department, had
THE HONGKONG TELEGRAPH MONDAY DECEMBER 28, 1903.
cine, and stick 10 the wills. The result in that I
now feel as well as ever did in any life."
I
Anemia, Bile, Consumption, Decline, Eczema, Fits, Gout, licadache, Indigestion,
lysis, Rheumatism, Sciatica, St. Vitus' Dance, Kidney Disease, Lumbago, Neuralgia, Para.'
all been cured by genuine Dr. Williams' Pink and the secret sufferings of womankind have
Pills for Pale Peuple (full name on box), Nothing has ever been cured by substitutes. If substitutes are offered go to another shop don' stay to listen to false and misleading talk. Williams Medicine Company, Holborn-viaduct, London, will send a bottle post free for 25. gd, or six bottles 139, gd, and will be glad to hear confidentially of shopkeepers who try to sell
9) substitutes.
Putimations.
THE
been a Secret Service agent, would rank with 1 the Sven Hedins; and it is gratifying to know that, on his relirement, his services were well rewarded. The Indian Government granted him a village is addition to his pension, and a gold medal has been bestowed on him by the Council of the Royal Geographical Society. THE ADVENTURES OF "THE ALMIGHTY. ONE." Another Secret Service agent, who has man- aged to emerge from his obscurity is Kintoop, whom the Service knows as K. P. His name means "The Almightly One," and his portrait, which has been published, shows him to be as black as your hat, though it is said that he is not really much more swarthy than an Italian. He is thick-set, with a hairless face, a voice like that of a skipper bellowing his with the tireless activity of a mountaineer, and
orders in the equinoctial gales. Captain Har man, R. E., discovered him, and set him his task. He was toascertain whether the Tsang-po of Central Tibe was or was not continuous with the Brahmpontra This meant that he had to enter a thet of country of which nothing was known except that the inhabitants were savage and regarded all strangers as their enemies. "The Almighty One" set off unarm ed, carrying his life in his hands, almost per ishing from cold and hunger. Presently he was captured and sold as a slave. He ran away, and continued exploring and taking observations while the pursuers were after him,THERE IS NO following the Lower Tsang-po till his progress was absolutely harred, almost within sight of the Assam plains. Hare he tried to com- municate with friends lower down the river, ac. cording to arrangement with Captain Harman, by throwing into the water five hundred special- ly marked logs-in vain, because Captain Har- man had died of frostbite caught among the snows of Kanchenjunga, and no one was look- Pg out for the signal. However, Kintoep got back somehow, having followed the river near- ly a hundred miles further than any previous explorer, and announced himself quite ready for any fresh expedition that might be propos
ed to him.
He went again to Tibet, and encountered adventures not less exciting than before. One of the difficultier was to find the way, for herds- men bolted when he asked the direction of the passes, saying that they were forbidden by the law to give any information on the subject. Even Kintoop's :epresentation that he wanted to worship a certain mountain failed to make any impression on them. He guessed the way, therefore, and followed it, cressing a pass some 1700 feet high. Descending on the other side, he drew near a small village, and hid among the rocks to avoid attracting the attention of the villagers. He attracted, however, the attention of some dogs. The beasts barked, and their stripped him of nearly all his clothes and locked masters came and routed Kintoop out. They him up, announcing their intention of convey ing him to headquarters to be dealt with, those being their orders with regard to all who enter- being a man of resource, escaped during the ed their country from Sikhim. But Kintoop, night, and made haste back to Sikhim by the same road by which he had come.
"KIM" AND HIS ORIGINALS.
Such are the men who accumulate the in- formation about the back of beyond" which is stored in the pigeon-holes of the India Office.
Fullling the double role of spies and surveyors, they live lives of constant peril and adventures, for small reward, with little hope of fame.
Most of them are still ciphers at the cart of their career as a the beginning of it. The dagger or the poisoned cup would doubtless soon cut their career short if it were otherwise. But here and there, and now and then, an agent has emerged from his anonymity to talk, and to be talked shout, and from their stories" the story of all that it is good for the com munity la general to know about this Secret Service can be made out. Mr. Kipling has as will have appeared in the foregoing sober treated the facts iomantically in "Kim;" but,
narrative, they are sufficiently romantic in themselves, and sand in little need of any such imaginative embellishment.
WRETCHED WRECKS.
PINK PILLS.
Lung Diseases, Bronchitis, Consumption and Coughs often resist all ordinary treatment, and wreck wretched wfferers' health by their ex- hausting inroads, Dr. Williams' Pink Pills have a wonderful effect in such cases, where ordinary medicine fails, because they build up the health and weight, and expel disease from the system.. Ordinary medicine tinkers with the disease, but meantime the patient grows weaker and weaker until he dies,
become the headmaster of a Government vernacular school from 1858 to 1863. In the later year he was trained as an explorer, and he served in the Department of the Great MADE STRONG AND WELL BY DR. WILLIAMS' Trigonometrical Survey for the next thirteen years. Pundits A and B started for Lhassa together, ostensibly acting as "vakils" to some Bisahiris British subjects, who had been robbed while trading in Chinese territory, and sought redress from the Lhassa Government, When Pundit B turned back Pundit A went on. Ha got to Lhassa on Jaunary 10, 1866, and stayed there till April. 24: He paid his respects to the Dalai Lama, "a fair and handsome boy about thirteen years old, seated on a throne six feet high," and understood to be in his thirteenth and last incarnation. It is from him that we know most of what we do know about Lhassa-that the city has a circumference of two and a half miles, and that the circumference of the Lama's residence is a mile and a half, and that owing to the prevalence of celibacy there are only 6,000 women in the place to 9,000 men and that woollen cloths and felt are manufactured there, and that the crops raised in the sur rounding plain consist of barley, wheat, peas, mustard, radishes, carrots, onions, potatoes, beans, and other garden produce.
of anyone who is pale and sickly should act the Here is a typical case. A reader who knows
Good Samaritan" and call attention to it!
# I had fairly good health up to four years ago, Mrs. Huntley, Pontywal, Monmouth, said:
when I broke down, completely. One doctor told me I was suffering from acute bronchitis.
OLUWILLIAM
and another that I was in consumption. I felt myself wasting away day by day, and I became a com- plate wreck. I be- came so weak and dejected that if I only went upstairs I had to gasp for breath, I expected every day would be my last. I attribute my recovery solely Dr. Williams' Pink Pills, I hap pened to read of a Mrs. Huntley's life was case in which a saved by Dr. Williams woman suffering Pink Pili. with a similar com- plaint to mine had
EOPL
The saferer and the
to
A still more adventurous journey was per formed by this same Pundit in 1874. His instructions then were to set out from Leh, cross the vast facustrime plateau of Tibet to Lhassa, and thence make his way down into Assam. Fear of detection prevented him from remaining more than two days la Lhassa on this occasion; but he made remarkable geo- graphical discoveries, traversing 1,200 miles. of. country previouly unknown, taking 276 astro- nemical observations for latitude and 497 for elevation on his way, tracing the un- known portions of the course of the Brahma pootra, demonstrating the existence of the vast snowy range of the Northern Hima laya, and ascertaining the existence of been cured. I fomediately gave the pills a An unsuspected system of takes and trial, and felt baller after the second bottle. rivere. Pundit A, in shert, If he had not | After this I decided to drop all ordinary medi‹ |
reniedy.
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PIANO
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Pay PART Cash and Balance
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SPECIAL OFFER at this Season. PAY for the Records now and for the Machine LATER.
PIANOS:
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Our NEW STOCK OF MUSIC has arrived. Hongkong, 22nd.December, 190t [415e
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HE leading English Newspaper in China Also widely circulated in Japan, Cochin China, Ceylon, India and the Far East
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Special Prices for Quantifies, Sole Agents-
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SANITAS
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CRUDE FLUID POWDEN
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DISINFECTORS
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(THE JAPAN MAIL STEAMSHIP COMPANY.)
PROJECTED SAILINGS FROM HONGKONG.—SUBJECT TO ALTERATION.
SAILING DATES,
Noon.
STEAMERS.
DESTINATIONS;
HIROSHIMA MARU ........(BOMBAY, VIA SINGAPORE AND TUESDAY, 29th Dec., at
J. Nagao..................................... COLOMBO...........
(VICTORIA, B.C., and SEATTLE, TUESDAY, 29th Dec, at KAGA MARU*... vapinguti,
N, Ohno
U.S.AVIA SHANGHAI, MOJI, KOBÉ) and YOKOHAMA '.....
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Noon,
KASUGA MARUNAGASAKI, KOBE and YOKO- WEDNESDAY, joth Dec., at
S J. G. Parsons....... HAMA
YAWATA MARU......
(SYDNEY and MELBOURNE, VIA} Wednesday, 30th Dec., st W. Hunter..ver
THURSDAY ISLAND, TOWNSVILLE and BRISBANE
NIKKO MARU...................................
SYDNEY and MELBOURNE, VIA)
4 P.M.
MANILA, THURSDAY ISLAND, FRIDAY, 22nd January. TOWNSVILLE, BRISBANE and ADELAIDE...your&5|92|1=rabe
THORITAT
* Through Passenger Tickets issued for the Principal Cities in the United States, Canada and Europe, in connection with the GREAT NORTHERN RAILWAY and Atlantic Steamers. Round-the-World Tickets also issued. Between Moji and Kobe, 1st and 2nd Class Through Passengers have the Option of Travelling by the Sanyo Railway.
For farther Information as to Freight, l'assago, Sailings, &c., apply at the Company's Local Branch Office in Prince's Building, 1st Floor, Chater Road
Hongkong, 28th December, 1903.
COMPAGNIE DES MESSAGERIES MARITIMES.
PAQUEBOTS-POSTE FRANCAIS.
NOTICE.
STEAM FOR SAIGON, SINGAPORE, BATAVIA, COLOMBO, ADEN, EGYPT, MARSEILLES, MEDITERRANEAN AND BLACK SEA PORTS, LONDON, HAVRE, BORDEAUX;
ALSO PORTS or BRAZIL AND RIVER PLATF.
TOMORROW, the 29th December, 1903, att PM, the Company's Steamship "SALAZIE, Captain Négre, with Malls, Passengers, Specie and Cargo will leave this Port for MARSEILLES, via Ports of Call, WITHOUT TRANSHIPMENT,
¦
A. 8. MIHARA,
Manster.
Is
ORIENTAL
STEAM
COME
THE PENINSULAR AND ORIENTAL STEAM NAVIGATION COMPANY, STEAM. FOR STRAITS, CEYLON, AUSTRALIA, INDIA, ADEN, EGYPT, MEDITERRANEAN PORTS, PLYMOUTH AND LONDON.
Through Pills at Lading jarum far Barawan, PERSIAN CULE, COSTINENTAL, AMERI- CAN SOUTH AFRICAN PORTS.)
Cargo and Specie will be registered for Lon-18 Steamship
"SIMLA,"
don as well as for Marseilles, nod accepted in f. 1. T transit through Marseilles for the principal places of Europe.
Captain F. R. Summers, carrying His Majesty's ! Shipping Orders will be granted till NOON Mails, will be despatched from this for only on MONDAY, the 28th instant, Specie BOMBAY, on SATURDAY, the 2nd January, and Parcels received until 4 P.M. on the same. Noon, taking Passengers and Cargo for the day. No Cargo will be received on board on hove P's, TUESDAY,
Parcels are not to be sent on board; they must be left at the Agency's Office. Contents and Value of Packages are required.
For further Particulars, apply at the: Com pany's Office,
G; DE CHAMPEAUX, Agent, Hongkang, 28th December, 1903, NORTHERN PACIFIC STEAMSHIP COMPANY.
[1004c
BOSTON STEAMSHIP COMPANY, BOSTON TOW-BOAT COMPANY, PROPOSED SAILINGS FROM HONGKONG, VIA
SHANGHAI, INLAND SEA OF JAPAN, KOBE AND YOKOHAMA,
FOR VICTORIA, B.C., AND TACOMA, IN CONNECTION WITH NORTHERN PACIFIC RAILWAY COMPANY.
1903-04.
20
Steamers. Tons. Captains. Victoria....
3,50z J. Truebridge... Dec. 30 Lyrat
4,417 G. V. Williams, Jan. Olympia* .... 2,83 A. Dizon ...... Feb. 1! Shawmut...... 9,606 W. M. Smith... Feb. 19 Tacoma 1,811 M. Ridley...... Feb. 26 Victoria......
3.50% J. Truebridge... Mar. 16 + Cargo only. Steamers marked (*) bave no second-class passenger accommodation.
The attention of passengers is directed to Pacific Coast and to the Interior and Eastern the very cheap rates offered by this line to the
Cities of the United States and to Europe.
Special rates allowed to members of Govern- ment Services.
Through Bills of. Lading issued to Pacific Coast Points and to the Principal Cities in the United States and Canada,
For further Information as to Freight or Passage, apply to
PODWELL, & CO., LIMITED,
General Agents, Hongkong, 24th December, 1903, [8740
Wotel.
KING EDWARD HOTEL.
A HIGH CLASS PRIVATE HOTEL
LADIES' AFTERNOON TEA ROOMS.
PRIVATE, BAR
AND
BILLIARD ROOMS.
Hot and Cold Water throughout. Electrically Lighted.. Electric Fans (if required). Electric Passenger Elevator to each Floor. Table D'Hote at Separate Tables. For Terms, &c., apply to the
Hongkong, #3rd October, 1yed.
MANAGER.
(11390
Silk and Valuables, all Cargo for Franca, and Ten for Londoo utter arrangement) will be transhipped at Colombo into a steamer pruceeding direct to Marseilles and London other Cargo for London, &c., will be conveyed zid Rombay,
Parcela will be received at this Office until 4. .. the day before mailing. The Contents and Value of alt Packages are required.
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THE
Masonic.
NOTICE,
14
THE DISTRICT GRAND LODGE OF HONGKONG AND SOUTH CHINA will hold its TWENTY-EIGHTH ANNUAL MEETING at the MASONIC HALL, TO- MORROW, the 29th instant, at 9 P.M.
All Master Masons are cordially invited to attend.
A. O'D. GOURDIN, D. G. Secretary, Hongkong, 24th December, 1903.
For Sale.
FOR SALE.
[15460
HEATH'S PATENT HEZZANITH
&c,
BELL. SEXTANTS.
Other Makers: HUGHES, CARY & POTTER,
to be sold cheap.
Apply
" BOX," Clo Hongkong Telegraph Office. Hongkong, 22nd Lacember, 1903.
FOR SALE.
(15350
INCANDESCENT
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OF ALL DESCRIPTIONE, from the best makers,
INCANDESCENT MANTLES,
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Lamps fixed up for Buyers free of charge.
Naphtha of the best kind kept in stock, TẠI IWONG Động
56, Lyndhurst Terrace. Hongkong, 1st December, 1903. [13730
Insurance.
NORTH GERMAN FIRE INSURANCE COMPANY OF HAMBURG, “HE Undersigned AGENTS of the above Company are prepared to accap gine Class FOREIGN and CHINESE RISKS W CURRENT RATER.
Hongkong, sith Mit, 1897-
.