Intimations.
A. S. WATSON & CO., LÍMITED.
WE ARE SELLING
AN UNIQUE SELECTION
OF THE
PUREST AND BEST
CONFECTIONERY
RECEIVED FROM THE
LEADING LONDON AND PARIS
HOUSES
Comprising the simple kinds to those
of the
DAINTILY PACKED.
AN EXCEPTIONALLY GOOD ·
ASSORTMENT
OF
CHRISTMAS
AND
NEW YEAR CARDS
FOR DESPATCH BY THE.
THE-HONGKONG TELEGRAPH, SATURDAY, NOVEMBER 128, 1903.
NOTICE.
All communications, ntended for publication in The HONGKONG TELEGRAPU” should be actressed to the Editor, 1, Ice House Real, and
shoull be accompanied by the Writer's Name and
Addres
contract on the part of the employe, and an | WASHINGTON exchanges announce that several effective means of ensuring his arrest inates in the public of Colombin are agitating event of his leaving without notice, or ab- to secede and join the new Republic of Panama. sconding with stolen property. At present, R. E. IJ. C., Wolle has been appointed assist no employer in Hongkong, knows much
trate for the New Territories, with effect on and froth the 1st December next.
CORRESPONDENCE.
[We do not necessarily endorse the epilous axpressed by Correspondents in this column.),
TO TUR Hinton or Tax Hosoxona Taski
Ordinary business communication should be addressed about the character of a person he engages superintendent of police and police magia total amount collected during the period if THE JOCKEY CLUB AND FAIR PLAY.
The Matenger. The Eltor will tau in bunke to be responsible for any rojotol MS., twee to restru nay Contribution., SUBSCRIPTION RATES ON ADVANCE), DALLY----$30 jerammu. WEEKLY-833 por aunia.
The rates per quarter and per memem, proportional. The daily is delivered free when the address is necesite to inosenger.. Da engles sent by post an
additional $1,80) per quines te duurged for postage. The postage on the weakly issue to nay part of the
world 30 wats per quarter.
„Stugla” Capies Daly, to emuls: Weekly, twenty-
five Ceint
The
remote village in China. In England the employer would receive a character with a servant when engaging one, but here we have scarcely a chance of knowing anything about the boys who enter our employ. Such a state of affairs cannot be considered sati factory, and the sooner steps are taken to remedy the present evil the better, and in this respect we sincerely trust the larlies of
MANILA exchanges announce that the U.S.
antic Squadron ns received urgent orders to
{
ing to the gravity of situation in Colombia. CAPT. We ch has recently left the command of the fans og, and is proceeding to England by the next French nail for the purpose of bringing out to China a new .iver steamer for the Indo-China 5. N. Co. Capt. Rolfe, replaces him on the evang,
Australian mare which has run at the last two I happen to be the owner of a brown meetings of the Hongkong Jockey Club, under the name of "Ichihan."
THE COLUNYS FINANCES.
The financial returns for the first eight the Caselle of yesterday's date, and uw a months of the present year are published in
$3,400,709.99 as against $3055,880.91 for the nor, till subsequently whether he can per-
same period of the preceding year. To this has apprehension as to the authorship of a letter, SIR,-In order to correct any possible mis- form the duties he undertakes to carry out
to be added revenue derived from land sales,dated. 27 instans, which appeared in the The man may never have previously served
to the oth Sopimber, totalling $351,229 Hongkang Daily Prest of this morning's date as a domestic, he may have just terminated
which already exceeds the 1603 est in ite under under the heading "The Jockey Club and Fair a period in gaol or be fresh from some sail Hunolulu. It is stated that this is ow his heading by $1,229.41, and considering that, Play," and over the nom dà plume of "Ichiban,"
on the 7th prox. a valuable lot on the Shukiwani beg to say that 1 am not either directly ori Road is to be put up, and is sure to realise for indirectly the author of such letter,
de slinuld be greatly augmented before the more than the upset price of $14 172, the reve
chase of the financial year. From January September, 1902, lant sales ralised only $73 282.27, so that the increase for the first
Dhubtless the writer of the letter referred to eight months of 1903 is no less than $277.947.14.)
was unaware of this, otherwise, I feel sure he All other items, excepting miscellano:us ré
would have displayed better taste than, in such ce pis, which have decreased $34,7874 show'
a confined plare as Hongkong, to have chosen increases, the most noteworthy being one of
"Ichiban" as his nom de plame for the above Internal Revenue not otherwise specified. The
letter. Treasury collected from the Post Officeably write over my own name.
When I write to the public Press 1 invari $331,938.18, as against $286,6,5-28 for the same
I am, clc., panod last year, or an increase of $45,262,90, THE dismantled sailing ship C. II. Watjen, while the waler account realised $52,101.41 in
GODFREY C. C. MASTER. which was recently sold for $24,500, was purexcess of the amount received for the corres
No. 8, Des Voeux Road, Central, · ponding period last year, viz. §: 18,454. Takea
Hongkong, 28th November, 1903.
$647,565.9%, and the point decrease, $34,789 74 On the other hand, the expenditure for the eight months under review, is in excess of the amount paid out in the same period of the pre- ceding year, when $3,511,052.95 was expended as against $3.537,628.83 this year exclusive of Public Works, extraordinary. The Sani tary Department accounted for by far the largest proportion of this increase, $339,931,91
THE Occidental & Oriental Steamship Com- pany's liner Coptic, Captain | rani, E. Beadnell
Hongkong Celegraph Hongkong will go forward with: their petition which arrived this morning, had about ninety 3.92346 52 unifer the heading of Licences and
HONGKONG, SATURDAY, Nov. 28, 1903,
THE SERVANT DIPHIGULTY,
|
and secure a speedy redress for our griev dabin possagers and nearly 4,0.0 tons of the cargo includes a large shipmen PORTO
of flour and silver bullion valued at $80,000.
ances.
LOCAL AND GENERAL.
The native town of Woosung was reported to chased by the Tanjong Pagar Duck Company be on fire at 7 am on 24thy and was still bura, it is understood, intend utilizing her as altogether the total increase in revenue is ing at 6 p.m.
breakwater close to where the present hulks are moo ed she is at present lying at the Tanjong Pagar wharf,
IT is reported, from Johnnesburg, that the that the artists intend commencing a season in being chargeable against it as compared with completed than have been so far, as from
Government approves. the plan for the im- migration of Asiastic labourers, to South Africa.
THE miners of Selangor have decided that from the first day of the next Chinese year their coolies shall work seven hours a day in two equal shitte,
VE have receceived a letter from Mr. C. H. Wase, the business manager and representative of the Anber Hill Company of continental stars enclosing a very favourable press criticism of their performance at Shanghai, and announcing Hongkong on December 2310, ACCORDING to the latest news from Manchuria, the Russians have in Yori Anhur 17,000 men; in Liaoyang &006; Harbin 5,600; Fenghuang cheng (Yulu) 5,200; in Antunghsien and Shaho- tee 350, and in the city of Kirin, the capital of the province of that nanie (Central Manchuria), 2,400 men of all arms.
the public to take up a definite attitude on the airived at Gibraltar on 2gth. ult. from England GREAT Britain's first-class battle-ship Duncan
to join the Mediterranean squadron. Marconi, the inventor, who was on board, managed to keep, in communication with his wireless station at Foldhu, Cornwall, a distance of 850 miles, during every portion of the trip from England to Gibraltar..
THE associated journalists of Tokio and Osaka were to hold a public meeting in Osakų to urge
Manchurian question.
If registration of domestic servants be- comes an accomplished fact in Hongkong it would appear that we shall be indebted to the ladies of the Colony, who, we under MRS. and Miss Me Wade, of the American MOST RECHERCHE DESCRIPTION, stand, are contemplating petitioning H.E.
Corsulate, at Caston have gone for a show the Officer Administering the Government to | holiday to Manila. obtain a remedy for the present irritating position in regard to the question. And niityn Colorabia has estopted a preferential. their action cannot in any sense be deemed | tariff Heavy duties will now be imposed on- loo premature having regard to the fre-goods imported from the United States. quent occasions upon which this vexed problem has been discussed, and the oft- recurring complaints concerning the sins and shortcomings of the domestic that continue to be ventilated at the Magistracy. The question is given more prominence in- mediately a servant decamps with valu- ables or departs without notice; it is then discussed in somewhat heated and vigorous letters and protests in the news- papers, and the agitation is allowed to -dwindle and remain in abeyance until some desperate domestic desires a change of scene and richer opportunities. Having re- gard to the large number of Europeans in the Colony who consider the grievance as a very real one, it seems surprising that no serious attempt to surmount the difficulty has been hitherto made. As was recently point- ed out by a Singapore contemporary; on the other side of the Atlantic "Registration of Employers" is in full swing as a system | organised by household servants in their own interests, and to keep employers in their proper places as subject to their servants. It acctical that the initiation of this moveinelit is due. The new union has a large membership and a definite programme of action. For in- THE men engaged in trying to save the wreck stance, it intends to compel employers to fur- of the French barque Constable de Richemont, nish references, and will black-list those hay. which struck a rock on the Frigate Ficach ing undesirable reputations. Regular work-shoals on October roth, report that the vessel ing hours will be stipulated for, and extra pay
has capsized, and will be a total los demanded for overtime, also for washing and any laundry work, The union also demands that the servants shall receive the same food as the members of the families and various other comforts not usually en-
HOMEWARD MAILS.
A. S. WATSON & Co.,
LIMITED,
THE HONGKONG DISPENSARY.
„ESTABLISHED A DGNED.
TELEPHONE NO, 256.
CABLE ADDRESS: "ACHEL," HONGKONG, A. B. C. CODE, eta 551VLON.
ESTABLISHED 1859
CHEE
祥
利
CO.,
廣
TEMPORARY STORE:
1ST FLOOR, 12, QUEEN'S ROAD,
(above Messrs. H. PRICE & Co.)
joy. The organisers of the union intend
to extend their operations to New York and other large cities. In Hongkong, the altered
XMAS & NEW YEAR CARDS. circumstances of le, have in no small mea-
:
sure tended to loosen the bonds between master and servant that existed in the
FURNITURE earlier days of the Colony's history, and to
DEALERS.
DRAWING ROOM,
DINING-ROOM,
.
and BED-ROOM
FURNITURE.
ÉLECTRO-PLATED,
GLASS, and
CHINA WARES.. PASTEUR'S MICROBE-PROOF
FILTERS,
ROCHESTER LAMPS,
WHITE TURKISH TOWELS,
COUNTERPANES.
COOKING RANGES,
KITCHEN UTENSILS, and
HOUSEHOLD REQUISITES.
DEPARTMENT.
UNDERTAKEN for AMATEURS,
DEVELOPING and PRINTING
GOOD WORK.
PROMPT RETURN. Hongkong, 29th August, 1903
(728c!
THE lowest reading of the thermometer at the Peak last night was 43. This morning it stood at 474°, while at the lower tram station
the mercury was up to 57o.
ACCORDING TO Washington wire the American Federation of Labour, has passed resolutions demanding that Chinese labourers be excluded from the Philippines as from the United States.
THE Universal Gases has the following We hear that a certain, high Chinese official in Shanghai bis received a secret telegram from war with Russia.”~
asas Phina is on the brink of
THE Austrian Lloyd's freighter, Nippon, is at Manila to ship a large cargo of tobacco for the Austrian government. The Compania General de Tabacos supplies the Austrian government with Philippine tobacco under a contract of
A SPECIAL notice to inariners issued at Shang- hai states that the following telegram has this day been received from the Amoy Com- missioner of Customs" Kerosene steamer Arahold Luyken for Tientsin burning near Turnabout. Fificen survivors, including Cap.
Lain,
Wreck drifting South-west two miles hourly." From this it may be assumed that she has been abandoned and is derelict. GUN practice will take place from Stone Cutters Island (West, East and South Shore Batteries) on the 4th December, in a south westerly direction at ranges varying from 2,000 to 4,500 yards, and from Lycinun (Pak-sha-wan Battery) on the 5th of December, 1903 in the direction of junk day to the East of Devil's Peak at a range of about 2,000 yards. If the weather is unfavourable on either of the above dates, practice will take place on the 7th of December. Firing will commence about 9 am and, finish about 11 am. each
many years standing. It is estimated that the day, if the range is clear.
shipment to be made on the Nippon will ex ceed 6,000 bales.
THE American Asiatic squadron is to be heavily reinforced by a flotilla of torpedo boats which is now en route to the Orient via the
Suez canal. The "msquito fiel" consists
protected cruiser. Lieutenant L. H. Chandler
at
SIR West Ridgeway, the retiring Governor of Ceylon has been closing his career in that Colony with a series of brilliant speeches very unusual in official utterances. He addressed the Legislative Council on Nov. 1o, at great
length on his administration from 1896-1903.
of the Decatur, Dale, Bainbridge, Chauncey | The Times of Ceylon furnishes extracts which and Barry. They left Norfolk on November alone come to 50 pp of closely printed foolscap, 1st, and are convoyed by the Baltimore, a
from which it would seem that he is as good with his pen as with his tongue. Any one desiring to learn all about the island of Spicy Breezes, where only man in vile" can do no. better than commence with this review. F. Press.
is in command of the flotilla
|
THE GROWTH OF THE NAVY',
The additions to the Navy during the cur rent financial year were estimated by the First Lord, in his Annual Statement, as & battles ships, 11 armoured and I second class protect- ed cruiser, besides several torpedo craft, sloops' and submarines. It is probable that the last half of the year will show considerably more ships
$147,132,27 during the corresponding month of all accounts the rate of progress is being last year, or an increase of $183,799.64. The satisfactorily maintained. So far only two Police, Fire Brigade and Gaol are responsible new battleships, the Duncan and Exmouth, for an increase of $129,315.20, while Sta2,92248 have been commissioned and sent to the is taken by the Public Works Departments as Mediterranean to replace older ships; but against $88,022.69. The total increases amount their sister ships, the Albemarle and Corn- 10 $634,222, against which is a total decrease, reallit, ate practically ready, and will probably ander various headings, of $ 1,132,973.04, includ- follow them in a short time. The 11 annoured ing $505,316,92, Public Works, extraordinary, cruisers consist of the long delayed Euryalus
Works, extraordinary, $360,889.22 was spent as signed, but took part in the manccurres and is $608,873.80, miscellaneous services, and and ro of the new County class. The King $15,908.57, Public Works, recurrent, On-Public | Alfred has not yet been permanently commis-
now ready. The unfortunate Euryalus belongs against $866,216,14. last year. On the 30th
to the Cressy class and had a succession of September there was a total balance in hand of $558,993.09. $531,862.21 being in Hongkong disasters in the early stages of her construction, and $27,130.68 with the Crown Agents.
which have delayed her long after all her sisters; but she has done her trials and will shortly be commissioned. The first ten County ciuisers are in various stages of completion; the Kent is already in the cruiser squadron; the Bedford is running trials with different kinds of propellers in order to see if the legend speed of 23 knots can be obtained-which it has it has not been so far. The Essex 12'97 knots, and Mfonmouth 22 8 are practically ready; and in another six months they should all be in tommission,
THE MANILA INVESTMENT
COMPANY, LIMITED.
Following is the report of the Board of Directors to be presented at the fourth ordinary meeting of shareholders to be held at the Com pany's office, No, 100 Calle Anleague, Manila, at 4 pun., on Friday, the 4th December, 1993,
To the Shureholders of
THE MANILA-STMENT Co., LD. Gentlemen, in accordance with anicle of articles of association the directors now beg to submit their report for the Half-year ending the 31st October, 1903.
...
The profit and loss account shows a debit balance of $54,385.50 which deducted from the debit balance carried forward at 30th April last leaves a profit of $6,555-75 on the working of the half year under review.
AUDIT. The accounts have been audited by Mr. D. M. Fleming.
BENJAMIN, KELLY & Porrs,
Chief Managers,
Manila, 17 November, 1993;
BALANCE SHEET, 31ST OCTOBER, 1903. Liabilities.
This class is not quite satisfactory either from the point of view funtsetion-oryt gün"" power. The belt of 4 inches up to the main deck. is too vulnerable at long ranges; and in the six improved County cruisers, the Devanthira class, this defect has been rectified by the substitution of 6 inch armour both on the belt and the gun positions. Similarly four of the 6 inch guns will be replaced by a couple of the new 75 inch. These improvements im- ply an addition of 900 tons to the displace ment, and reduction of speed from the nominal 23 knots of the earlier ships to 12. But the result will on the whole be a gain in efficiency. The new turbine destroyer Velox has been delivered; and as in addition to turbines for high speed there are reciprocating engines for cruising speed this new vessel will be watched with interest. Fancy speed is not aimed at in her, as it was in the case of the unfortunate made so far. A great deal of work is being Viper and Cobra ; 30 knots is the best she bas
16,609 45 done in other ways than in new construction. 321.90 The Royal Sovereign class is being improved by the addition of casemates for the hitherto $653,931-35 practically unprotected 6-inch guns? O
the upper deck; four were completed last year, and this year the remainder either have already been or are undergoing the process. The 7er- -$463,475.28 | rible and Powerful have had four new 6-inch. guns added to their originally somewhat weak 66,213.89 armament; and a large number of second class. 69,546.66 cruisers are having the saine guns substituted 308.02 for their 47. There is every reason to hope 54.387-30 that the year's programme of work completed
will be canied out-T. of 7. ! $653.93135
Capital account $1,000,000 $637,000.co
Less un-issued shares... 363,000 Sundry creditors Chartered Bank of 1. A. & China...
Assets.
make anything like arutual trust and regard al- most impossible. The domestic has acquired more knowledge than is conducive to his welfare, and instead of settling downsand doing the bidding of his master, in most instances for the term of his natural life, he has now become far too independent, in- solent and untrustworthy. The truth is, as was recently pointed out, when the odds are so heavy against European employers of the members of a Chinese confederacy it civil list $418,937, and Public Works $288,4180 Ng Yau, owner of the steam launch Cheong Fire insurance **** - nitain.
THE revenue of Sarawak for 1904 is estimated at Sr,107,643, and the expendiure at $1,157,563, Farms and Customs account for nearly seven
hundred thousand dollars, and Mining Royal. ties and Reimbursements for about $225,003
The heaviest expenditure is that for the
A the Marine Court this morning before the Acting Harbour Master, Mr. Basil Taylor, Lieut. Asser of H.M.S. Fame proceeded against
A sum of $120,000 is estimated for Sadong and, for not observing a role of the road. Brooketon collieries.
DR. Gilbert Ried writing to the North Ameri can Review on "The Unsatisfactory Outcome of the Chinese Negotiations," maintains that, under the pretext of preserving the integrity of
appears that the Fame was coming up the Southern Fairway and into the Central Fairway. When of Blake Pier Lieut. Asser noticed the
Cast of sundry con- Additional plant and
stock
$457,000.00 6,475.28 Sundry debtors........................ Philippine Tobacco Trust Co., Ltd..
Balance
cerns...
launch coming across his port how. Seeing that a collision would be inevitable if he con- inued on his course, he gave orders for the Ta Balance carried forward from? destroyer to go fult speed astern and just suc. ceeded in avoiding an accident. Witnesses de- clared that the coxswain of the launch was chatting with the passengers and apparently paying no attention to his duties. A fine of $5 or 14 days was imposed by the Acting Harbour Master,
PROFIT AND Loss AccouNT For the half-year ending 31st October, 1903. Losses.
last account.... General charges...
$ 60,943-25
2,901,04
Auditor's fees.....
250.00
1
General Managers' fees... English Hotel
3,750.00
6,998-44
Sundry debtors, amount writ-7
3,019.58
ten off...
$ 76,962.31
Profits.
..$ 1,284.72 1,550.00
2,830.04 3.000.00
SHIPPING AND MAILS.
MAILS DUE
French (Salarie) 1st prox. Indian (Lightning) 1st prox, Tacoma (Tacoma) 4tli prez.
Australian (Chingtu) 5ib proxi
Indian (Kumsang) 7th prox. French (Australien) 8th prox.
American (America Maru) 8th prox.
Canadian (Tartar) gth prox..
time the former had a fair innings, and a chance of getting on eyen terms with their. masters, the servants. In Ceylon the sys- tem of registration has worked remarkably well, and the same may be said for it in Tonking where it has been in vogue for ten years. The French Colonial regulations re- PHOTOGRAPHICquire that, natives desirous of entering Euro-China, a real blow has been struck at the sover pean employ, whether as domestics or skilled, sign independence of the empire The restrict labourers, shall report themselves to the ions imposed by the Powers make China less able to govern herself than she was before. In police authorities who, on the receipt of a conclusion, Dr. Feid declares that the negoti- nominal fee, register their names and additions have failed, judged either as a policy of dresses. A few days later, the officials deliver superior force, tending to frighten the people to them a small book containing a photograph from a repetition of hostilities; or as a policy of MR. John Blight Suitor, representing the of the applicants, theiranthropometrical iden- inagnanimity, intended to transform a nation of Government of New South Wales has been in AND, place of birth, together with a number foreign haters into confiding friends." Manila for several days overlooking the con-
of blank pages to be filled in by their future
mercial field and the possibilities of trade be. By Manila Carriage Factory employers setting forth the date of their
tween the Philippines and the Commonwealth engagement, the nature of the work performed,
earliest families of Australia, the first gold dis of Australia. Mr. Suttor comes from one of the the amount of wages paid, and the period at
covered in the country being found on the farm which previous employment was terminated.
of his grandfather Mr. Sutter is an enthusiastic Each entry-made in this book by the master
Australian and a firm believer in the future has to be vised by an inspector of police,
greatness of the country and the possibility who imposes the official stamp against it.
of profitable trade relations being established This system of registration has been found
with the the Philippine Island. Possessing a of immense benefit to the colonists in
pleasing personality, besides being a good shot, general since it permits of an effective
Australian, Mr. Suttor seems to be the ore the books and vouchers of the Company and a clever horseman and enthusiastic in all things I have compared the above statement with control of the declarations' made by appli: that between England and, France,The man who could be looked upon to succed in have found same to be in accordance therewith Line) left Manita for this port on 28th inst, and
CARMICHAEL
Y
CLARKE,
CONSULTING ENGINEERS AND
SHIPBUILDERS, „„SURVEYORS AND, CONTRACTORS.
REPAIRS PROMPTLY ATTENDED TO:
TELEGRAMS: "CARMICHAEL," Hongkong.
io A: B.-C. Code, 4th Edition
A. I Code.
Lieber's Standard Code
TELEFONE, 232.
Hongkong, zath March, 1903.
[355e
THE Beot to drink in the tropics in the Beer
made in the tropics-SAN MIGUEL.
UNDER 'Latest News,' on agih inst. Echo de Waldeck-Rousseau spoke against the amend Chine says that in the French Senate M.
ment forbidding any member of a Congrega tion to engage in secondary education, Messrs. Combes and Clémenceau supported the amendment, which was carried by 147 votes to 36-In the Chamber, M. Deloncle asked for explanations as to Siam and Yunnan. Their Italian Majesties have returned to Italy arbitration treaty will be arranged similar to There is a general belief that an Anglo-Italian
cants presenting themselves for engagement. Japanese Prime Minister has declared to a
English Journalist that the majority of the Japanese are hostile to war,"
During his term of service the servant's master retains this register as a guarantee of THE Beer to drink in the tropics is the Beer
made in the tropica-SAN MIGUEL.
THE Beer to drink in the tropics is the Beer
made to the tropice-SAN MIGYEL.
the difficult mission he has been, selected for, as the advance agent of Australasian trad; with the Far Eas
THE Beer to drink in the tropics is the liver made in the tropica-SAN MIGUEL.
-Manila Erated Water Co.......
interest account....................................... Manila American ........................na Giralda Hotel ............
Paris Restaurant
·*
Manila Times
T
Transfer fees
Balancet.
Tacoma (Victoria) 13th prox. American (Korea) 15th 'prox. American (Gaelic) 23rd prox.
The O. S. S. Con s.s. Calchas left Victoria, 1.C., on 25th inst, for shie part-via Japan.
The C. P. R. Cola s.s. Empress of Indir left 3,209.05 Yokohama p.m., on 27th inst, for Victoria and 4,500.00 Vancouver.
6,2009 The Imperial German Mail B.s. Roon, which 1.09 teft here on 29th ult, arrived at Genoa on 54.387.50 Thursday, at 4 p.m.
$ 76,962.31
Auditor.
D. M. FLEMING,
Manila, 17th November,, 1993.
HE Beer to drink in the tropics is the Beer made in the tmples-SAN MIGUEL
The M. M. Co.'s sa. Manche left Shanghai yesterday afternoon, and is expected here on Monday, 3h inst, morning.
The N. Y. K. Yawala Maru (Australian
is expected to arrive here on göth instit
The C. N.Co.'s an. Chingtid from Australian ports via Manil left. Port Darwin on 27th inst and is expected to arrive here on Sih prox.
"HE Beer to drink in the tropica is the Bere THE
made in the tropica-SAN. MIGUEL,