HONGKONG TELEGRAPH, SATURDAY, SEPTEMBER 5, 1903.
THE
TREATMENT OF PLAGUE ÇASES | A CHINESE · 'OMPRADORE CASE. |“ ALHAMBKA” TOBACCO CO., LD.,
Ig
IN KENNEDY TOWN HOSPITAL.
The following report on plague cases treated Jo the Kennedy Town hospital, by Dr. J. C. mson, is reprinted from the Government
The 28th ult. :--
Ive the honour to report, for the in- of His Excellency the Governor, the plague cases that have been Kennedy Town Hospital this year up date (6th July). Two hundred and eighty-two cases of ague have been admitted to this date, of which 87 were discharged cured, 171 died and 24 are still in hospital, but all convalescent. All these 24 will almost certainly recover completely, and for purposes of my calculations in what follows 1 shall class them with those cured. As the epidemic seems practically over, future admis. sions to the hospital this year will probably scarcely interfere with general statements that may now be made; and this year's figures may, I think, be quite fairly compared tentatively with the total figures for previous years.
CHEONG KAM T A THE NAM CHEONG FIRM.
The case for the plaintiff was set out as follows:
The plaintif is the compradore to Messrs. Meyer & Co. who carry on business as mer. chants at No. 5, Queen's Road, Victoria, in this Colony. The defendants are dealers in pièce goods and carry on business at No. 27, Jervais Street. The plaintiff as such compradore is responsible to Messrs. Meyer and Company for payment for all goods supplied by them to 3. At the beginning of the epidemic, as fresh their Chinese customers. For some years the curative serum is not yet available locally, and defendants have been in the habit of buying as last year's experience sufficiently proved goods from Messrs. Meyer & Co. Between the serum imported from Europe to be useless, I 22nd of July, 1901, and the 3rd October, 1901, decided to continue trials I, had made to Messrs. Meyer & Co. sold and delivered to the some extent in the two previous epidemics as defendants goods to the total value of $37,174.65 to the curative value of oil of cinnamon. As an in respect whereof the defendants gave to the aromatic volatile oil it is antiseptic, and it absor-plaintiff as such compradore twenty-five promis- bed into the blood unchanged, so I gave it in sory notes whereby the defendants promised to large doses in the form of the essence, in the pay to the plaintiff as such compradore various hope that might be absorbed in sufficient sums amounting to the said valve. The plain quantities to exercise its antiseptic action against tifl craves leave to refer to the said notes at the the plague bacilli. After a further series of 30 hearing. The said notes became due on various cases, however, Labandoned it as useless, dates between the 31st July, 1901, and the 2nd January, 1902. The defendants have not paid the said notes or any money on account thereof. The plaintiff therefore claims the said sum of $37.104.65 due upon the said notes together with interest at the rate of 8% per annum from the 27th day of March, 1902, till payment or judgment.
4. The next series of cases, over hundred in number, I treated on general principles, symptomatically, until the 18th of May, when you suggested to me a further trial of carbolic acid in larger doses than when I previously used it in this hospital.
5. I consented to make such farther trial, though, I confess, without much hope of its proving of value. had in 1901 used this drug in a series of over 100 cases in doses of 80 grains a day, and while the mortality in that year was 76.5%, slightly less than the average, 1 did not think it had been much affected by the treatment.
6. It was, I think, your proposal that one should begin with an initial dosage of 144 grains in 24 hours, but rapidly diminish the quantity given. 1 determined, however, to push the remedy to the utmost, and, while wat- ching carefully against any appearances of poisoning, to give the drug in full doses so long as plague bacilli were present in the blood. I accordingly gave 144 grains of carbolic acid daily, divided into two-hourly closes 12 grains each, and administered, as two years ago, in a mixture favoured with syrup of orange and chloroform water, in sonic cases over long periods Inspector Knight, for instance, con- somed over 2,500 grains of pure carbolic acid before his blood was free from plague bacilli. 7. With these enormous doses, I expected evidence of carbolic acid poisoning to appear frequently, but it was practically unknown. In a few cases carboluria developed, but the omission of one or two doses was usually suffi cient to clear the urine, and permit resumption of the remedy in full doses. In certain cases dyspeptic symptoms nccurred, but in these greater dilution of the mixture with water was ail that was required to overe me this obstacle to its consumption.
The absence of untoward symptoms is pro bably an incidental testimony to the purity of the apothecary's stock of carbutic acid, as var- boluria is believed to the due more to impur- ities in the acid than to the drug itself.
The following is the general agents' report to the Consulting Committee on the period 1st July, 1901, to 30th June, 1903—
Manila, 39th July, 1973.
To the Consulting Committee. Gentlemen,---In conformity with rule $3 of articles of association, we have the honour to hand you, under separate cover, inventory; balance sheet, profit and less acc unt per 30th June, 1903.
$7,000 to be written off the Reserve fund, and $570.77 to be carried forward.
We request you to have the accounts ex- amined and audited, in accordance with article 54. after which they will be ready for the inspection of the shareholders in anticipation of the general meeting.
The cigar department has left a loss of $3,55406, which is chiefly due to the different strikes that took place.
A fair profit has been obtained on the sate of cigarettes, their demand having considerably increased.
As the factory owns no stock of leaf tobacco suitable f cigarettes, it becomes absolutely indispensable raise the capital, the more so as we cannot afford to continue advancing funds to the Company.
SIAM'S PAPER CURRENCY.
iure.
FRENCH INDOCHINA.
IMPORTANT COMMISSIONS.
THE MANCHURIAN QUESTION.
PESSIMISTIC RUSSIAN VIEW.
As mentioned in our issue of 17th ulţime, the
The Peterburgskiva Viedomosti publishes a.. Conseil Supérieur of Indo-China was to meet on the 28th August at Saigon. The sittingsong article on the Manchurian question, which which are not open to the public have now
is all the more important because up' to the commenced and the work lins been divided present time this journal, and in particular its into four sections or commissions, as follows: editor, Prince Ukhtomsky, has strongly sup ported Russia's "mussion" in China. In a The first commission, which is pre-ided over by General Coronnat, commander-in-chief, with resume the writer states that "a review of our Messrs. Guillemoto, Brenier, Testu, Balincourt, (Russian) policy in the Far East for the last ten Schneegans, Viterbo and Ġage as members,
yers, does not reveal any results from the enormous efforts and great sacrifices made, and will examine all military and naval matters the heavy expenses incurred. It is possible gather the fruits of our labours, but up to the present time the harvest has been unsatis
We factory and indeed. negative.
bave disgusted the Chinese by our action, and in their deep' distrust of us they have thrown themselves into the arms of their historic enemy Japan. The Japanese have not been slow to take upon themselves the educa- tion, in the widest sense of the word, of their big neighbour, and are seeking methodically to realize under their own hegemony and for their own benefit, the idea of Pan-Mongolism. the form of the armed Chinese warrior, but in The yellow peril. is advancing upon us, not in that of a peaceful secker after employment and profit, and a sturdy competitor in trade, manu- facture, and agriculture. The resourceful and insolent Jap, who regards as his natural in- heritance the whole of Eastern Asin, and who knows how to combine personal gain with national aspirations, is invading even Russian territory. How dangerous these yellow-faced missionaries of peaceful labour are is to be gathered from the fact that even América has found it necessary to exclude them by special legislation. Many other uninvited guests are putting their fingers into the Manchurian pie prepared by us, which, during the cooking, we regarded as our own special dish.
The report of the Acting Financial Adviser en the operations of the Department of Paper At the Supre... Court on Monday before
Currency for the year 121 has been issued. the Chief Justice Sir W. M.Goodman, a case was
Mr. Williamson, whom we (Bangkok Times) beard in which Cheong Kam Tin, compradore
have to thank for a copy of the report, held to Messrs. Meyer & Co., sued the Nam Cheong
charge as Director of the Department to the firm for the sum of $17,104.65 being the amount
ead of the year 121. due from the defendant firm upon twenty-five
The actual work of the department com- promissory notes for certain goods supplied.
menced on the 23rd September, when notes of The plaintif was represented by Mr. E. H.
a further value of Tes. 62,410 were issued to the Sharp, K.C, instructed by Mr. Bonnar (of
The last mentioned document shows a loss public, and from this time onward the cacula Messrs. Dennys & Howley), the defendants' of $7,570.77 (including the $391.12 1. ss carried tion continued to expand in a highly satisfac. solicitors being Messrs. Kwens & Harston. ver from last yearly balance per 31st Decemtory manner, as will be seen from the figures The defendant firm did not appear in Court. ber, 190') which we recommend to apply as given below showing the value of the notes public works, milways, commerce and agricul that in a more or less remote future, we shall
follows:
outstanding on the last day of each month.
Value of notes in The second commission has for its chairman Date.
circulation. M. Rodier, Lieutenant-Governor of Cochin- 30th September 121 (1902) Ts. 312,575 China, Messrs. Luce, Daurand-Forgues, Da 31st October 121 (902)
1,014,040 chemin, Bogaert and Hardouin as members. 30th November 121 (19 2)
1,658,395 They will inquire into questions connected 31st December 121 (1902) 2.351,770 with legislation, organisation and general ad 31st January 121 (193)
3.355.995 ministration, such as, the state of Cochin 28th February 21 (190) 3.591.985 China, Tonkin, Annam, Cambodia, Laos and 31st March 121 (1903)
3,479 105 Kwang Chow Wan, the judicial, customs and Your Royal Highness will observe that the postal services, the registration department, rate of progress declined towards the end of the school of medicine, the bacteriological in the year, the increase during February being stitute of Nhatrang, the raising of the tax on only some Tes. 236,000 against an average for native spirits, the organisat on and recruiting the previous four months of Tes. 6,000 and of Annainite fusiliers, the geographical service that during the month of March the circulation of Indo-China, the French school of the Far actually decreased by Tes. 112,80. This was Eas, the stamp duties and regulations, native due to the very large and unexpected envash- labour, the export tax on cinnamon, and the ment of notes which took place in the fort ight exemption of ali export tax on pepper." We are, Gentlemen, Yours faithfully,
intervening between the 23rd February and The BAER SENIOR & Co.'s Successors,
6th March, during which time the Currency office General Agents.
paid off notes ofuolessa value than Tes.1,078,090, which Tcs. 1,030,000 went to the Banks, "Warner, BarnES &'CO., LTD. The bighest point reached during the year was
KUENZLE &, STREIFF.
on the 21st February, when the circulation SLOAN & MITCHELL.
stood at Ticals 3 966,310 and there seems little reason to doubt that but for the check received BALANCE SHEET PER 30TH JUNE, 1903. between the dates above mentioned, the value
Liabilities.
of the notes in circulation at end of the year ...$150,000.0
would have been little, if any, shot of Tes. $7,000.00 $9,000. Even as it is the figure actually attained, 117,000.00 viz, Tes 3,479,105, may be regarded as high- The fourth commission is also one of Finance, 80.7c8.90 ly satisfactory one for just over ix months with M. de Lamothe, resident superior of Cam- 9,000.00 working and as an ind cation of a real want bodia, as president, and Messrs. Malé, Ferland $3,551.69h cu the Currency notes have supplied. The Vandelet, Col. de fontero, as members. Un- success of the scheme (on which, I think, the der the beadings of "Adjustment of the Budgets Government may reasonably congratulate it of previous years" and of "divers accounts and seli) is all the more-striking when, it is remem-affairs,” they will examine the administrative bered that the Government, notes have to com-
account of the 1902 General Budget, the two pete to some extent with the issues of the three hundred million francs loan account of January foreign Banks which have branches at the 1993, the administrative accounts of various -$1,609 47 Capital, and that no attempt whatever has been Budgets for 1902, viz, Cochin-China, Tonkin, made to force the circulation in any way. Even Annam, Cambodia, Laos, military territories officials, who draw salaries and allowances at and Kwong Chow Wah, also the administrative account of the eighty million franes loan for 1902, the financial situation, the local pension funds for 1902, the accounts of the registration, postal and customs departments for 1902.
The following is the statement of defence :-- 1. The defendant say that at the time when the twenty-five promissory notes referred to in the statement of claim were given, the plaintiff was and still is a partner in the defendant firm. 2. No account lias been taken and no balance struck of the partnership property.
3. The defendant willobject that the plaintiff's claim is not maintainable at law.
10
The reply reads as follows-As the allegations contained in the first and second paragraphs of the statement of de- fence, the plaintiff says that for a period of about of 9 years prior to the 8th March, 1892, that is to say, before the transactions referred to in these proceedings) he was a partner in the Nam Cheong firm. But on the said cate the plaintiff with the consent of his co-partners retired from the said partnership and assigned his share therein to one Chan Hop Kee. Since the said date the plaintiff has had no interest
Scen and con-
Jorm:
Capital......... Reserve fund.....
Loans against tobacco.... Banco Español-Filipino Baer Senior & Co.. Sundry creditors
$427,760.50
Assets.
.....$. 1,276.36
333 21..
Cush: In band
At banker's
Strucks in hand :
Tobacco leaf .........$33.955-2 Cigars, cigarettes and cut tobacco.co
48,845.32 Cigar boxes, labels,
33,894.91 paper, etc.
Machinery ........... Furniture and installation Various utensils
in the business of the said firms. The plain-Premises on Calle Azcaraga. ti joins issue.
Sundry debtors...... Profit and Loss Account.
His Lordship gave judgment for the plaintiff
with costs.
THE ENGLISH LANGUAGE IN
CHINA.
Long before the establishment of commer cial intercourse with foreign countries when China was secluded from the rest of the world, the English language, now so popular and valuable; was totally unknown to the immense mass of Chinese people. From time to time there were some Roman Catholic priests who found their way to Pekin, and these have been greatly instrumental in the translation of many 8. As a result of observation of its.use in a books on science, in the early stage of China's series of 143 cases, I consider carbolic acid in western civilization. But they put on Chinese large doses the most hopeful means of treating clothes and spoke the Chinese language. At plague thus far at our disposal in Honghong. the time of Dr. Morrison, the English mis- 9. Before looking at the actual figures, there sionary, the English language was still little are two circumstances that need to be men-known, and the number of people who spoke tioned, and fur which due allowance must be made:-
(1)--The treatment with carbolic acid was commenced late in the epidemic, at a stage when there is a greater natural tendency to recovery, the disease being invariably more virulent early in the season,
it as well as the area where it was spoken, dessive little attention. The only place open to foreign trade then was Cinton. The inter- prciers and other English-speaking Chinese were of a type different from those of the pre sent day. They made themselves understood by gestures rallier than by anything else, and yet, it is said, an interpreter was so valuable regarding his services that often be succeeded in making a large fortune for himself. Even pure and simple English was not used-there
no grammar, no Anglo-Chinese dic
school. tionary or
So, it is evident, English-speaking became a sort of guessing work. Undoubtedly, mistakes were liable to be made on both sides, the speaker and the hearer, when the thoughts of each were expres
was
crude, and these mistakes, of course, were avoidable.
(2) Coincidently with my beginning the use of carbolic acid, Dr. Bell announced his modi- fication of Ross's method for the examination of a thick film of malaria blood as a method for the examination of plague bloed; and as a consequence of this improved means of ding- nosis a much larger number of very mild cases, many of which would not have been diagnosed as plague in former years, were proved to be plague and sent to Kennedy Town. These cases swelled the proportion of case recovering.sed and understood in a way so peculiar and
zo. I should like in passing to express my sense of the great value of Bell's method for the diagnosis of plague. I at once put it in routine use both at Tung Wah Hospital and Kennedy Town Hospital. At Kennedy Town it has not only added to precision of diagnosis, but it has. enabled one to watch, more definitely the pro- greas of the illness; and I have used this as I have mentioned, as my guide in the uso of carbolic acid, while disappearance of the plague bacilli from the blood circulation has become a sine gud non before discharge from the hospital.
11. [Here follow tables showing the racial and general mortality before and during the use of carbolic neid.]
13. The Hospital Mortality of plague cases treated at Kennedy Town since the first cut- break of the disease in the Colony has been as follows:-
76.0 per cent.
1894, 1895
1896,
74-3
1897,.
1893,
81.8
1899, ........... ma
81.8
1900,
77.3
1901,
76.3
85.1
י
When Jongkong was ceded to the British Goverment in exchange for Canton, some Anglo-Chinese schools were set up. At first these schools had considerable difficulty in get- ting the desired students, for, in those days, Fnglish and all other foreign languages as well were despised by the Chinese. Then they scorned the idea of studying a foreign language. Gradually but steadily, as more ports were opened, more foreigners came and, as was natural, fresh opportunities presented them- selves to the English speaking Chinese. As tonishing as it was, enterprising Chinese found it quite worth their while to study English, as the pay at their command was such a tempting one. It was mainly through the gigantic efforts of the missionary body that many Chi- nese, especially of the poorer clase, were taught the language, and it is remarkable to see how soon they picked it up
E. & O. E.
Manila, 30th June, 1993. BAER SENIOR & Co.'s Successors, General Agents. Examined and found correct according to the company's books,
JOHN, A. MACKAY,
the Treasury, have been, and continue to be,
the
at perfect liberty to receive either notes or coin at their pleasure, and the fact that the Treasury can only obtain its notes by purchase in cash 356,695.40 from the Currency office, is an adifi ional 21,334.50 Kuarantee against any undue accumulation of 2,005.77 paper, with its consequent inflation of the 1,912.00 apparent cir, ubation, As a matter of fact the 27.689.79tock of notes in the Treasury rarely exceeds es. 50,000 in value and is only replenished 8,442.89
when the necessity for doing so actually ar ses. 7.57077
The heavy tenders of nites by the Banks $427,260.59 during February and Maich, referred to in the
preceding paragraph, were due entirely scarcity of inorgy which prevailed towards the Latter end of the year, consequent on the great demand for coin, created by the brisk les of the export trade. The barks, which are at times considerable lolders of Govern- ment notes, finding their cash resources_re duced by the calls made on them to negotiate the exporter, bills. sent
over successive bitches of otes. In Corr acy office for coin, and although the effect of this was to largely reduce the circulation for the time being, the incident is i strective as showing the con- 391.12venience of a strie ly convertible. Government 6,634.73 note issue. At times when money is plentiful, Banks and other large holders of co, are glad to eep a portion of their cash balance in notes, representing as they do considerable value in small bulk and economy of storage romit, while in seasons of monetary scarcity all notes not actually required for business purposes can be immediately converted into coin by presentation at the Currency office. This is a convenience which the Banks could not obtain by the exclusive employment of their own pipers, and probably explains to $11,27041 some extent the undoubted popularity of the
Government issue.
PROFIT AND LOSS ACCOUNT PER SOTH JUNE, 1953. Lasses. Balance carried over from yearly
balance of gist December, 1952...
Interest
Machinery: zo % p. a. off
574.762.76 6/-10%
381.18 1,905 88 12/m-10% $2,476,23
2,857.41 Furniture and installation: 333p a. off $ 3.067.51 6/m—163 % $ 511.25 147,90 12/33% 49 30 Various utensils; amount written off... Sundry deblors
560.55 226.60 600 00
1366
Profi's. Tobacco leaf
..$ Cigars, cigarettes and cut tobacco...... 3,585 98 Balance Sa
***** 7570.77 $11,270.41
E.&O.E. Manila, 30th June, 1903. BAER SENIOR & Co.'s Successors, General Agents. Examined and found correct according to the company's books.
JOHN A.. MACKAY.
We hereby state that Mr. John Mackay was appointed by us at Auditor for the company as being in our opinion a fit and proper person to carry out said audit.
KUENZLE & STREIFF. WARNER, BARNES & CO., LTD. SLOAN & MITCHELL.
THE ARMS QUESTION.
A telegram to the Kokumin Shimbun says that in view of the proximity of the date (Sep tember 25th) when the two years' veto on im. portation of munitions of war into Chinaexpires; à conference of Foreign Representatives as-
The third commission, called the Finance and Budget Commission, is under the chair. manship of M. Adam, the members being Messrs. Auvergne, Crayssac, Cuniar, Paris and the Kish Lauf. The work of this commission is to adjust the general Budget of Indo-China fr 1904, the Incal budgets of Cochin-China and Tonkin the budget referring to the loan of eighty million francs, the local budgets of nuam, Cambodia, and Laos, of the military territories of Tonkin and of the territory of Kwong Chow Wan
And what about Korea? It has in every way come under the heavy yoke of Japan, who has become its mistress to such an extent that, in spite of all protests, Japanese worthless paper money and nickel coins circulato largely in Korea; and what is still more remarkable, the Japanese have invaded Korea in such num bers that it has practically become a Japanese colony; although there was a time when Korea looked to its powerful porthern neighbourin the hope of finding a strong support for its in- dependent development."
With special reference 10 Russo-Chinese rade, the Kharbinski Viesinik, the newly- the Eastern Chinese Railway, states that established organ of the trade department of during the last century while our (Russian) trade with European countries steadily in The Governor-General, the General Com-
creased, and while the exports to Asiatic coun. mander-in-chief, the Lieutenant-Governor, the Iries, other than China, rose to a remarkable Kinh Luce, and the Resident Superiors, of the extent, the imports from China continue to be far in excess of the exports to that country. countries forming what may be termed the French Indo-China Unions, the directors of While our merchants here (in-Harbin) in the centre of Manchuria, within easy access of Public Works and of Customs, the residents of the Chambers of Commerce and of Agricularge Chinese trading centres, are complaining uire, and the heads of government departments
of bad trade, the Chinese merchants are doing have all gathered at Saigon to assist at the
a good business, even with such distant Russian centres as St. Petersburg, Warsaw, and Riga." deliberations of the Conseil Supérieur. Kwong Chow Wan, however, is not represented.
There is the usual accompaniment of dinners, balls and torchlight processions, besides a brilliant bataille de fleurs, when a $1,000 prize
is to be awarded.
2.5 P
VICEROY ALEXIEFF.
XT OF THE GREAT UKASE.
Peking, August 24th, The regime of the original kase of the C2vemppait time isdraial Alexieff, Viceroy of
THE EXPORT TRADE OF INDIA.
The exports of ludia for the year 1907-1901 | were 3-8 per cent larger than in tyot-1902 and Par East, reads as foliews: "The present far in excess of any previous year and reached Situata in the Far Est being extremely unprecedentest Mopanions. Rice plays a pro-mutical wear, to leed, eng very embarrassed, minent part in the shipments of cereals. the United States which have beconie wład suppliers, to the wheat-eating nation of the West, India has come to play in normal seasons a somewhat similar role to the rice-eating nas tions of the Far East and Midd East, Full and abundant crops in Burma enabled Indin last year to ship half of its surplus to, Asiatic countries, from the Straits to Philippines and Japan. The whole volume of ride aggregated 47 millions of cwts, valued at 18,78 lakhs of rupes-the highest level known.
Theexp rts of wheat exceeded half a million tons and those of mille and pulse a quarter of a million.
After a period of prolonged depression coffee showed signs of a slight revival." The exports, last year, increased antl prices were more re. munerative. But the trade generally has been entirely unhinged by the competition of Brazi- lian coffee and a slight idea can be formed of the dislocation of the trade when it is mention ed that the same quantity of export realised in
THE SIKH religion. By means of his two lectures on the religion and history of the Siths Mr. Macauliffe has performed a signal service both to the Govern ment of India and the private student. In the first lecture, upon which we have already com- mented, he showed how by precept. and prac-1898-99 47 lakhs of rupees more than it did last ice the Sikh Gurus built up a noble system of year. ethical monthesim; in the secend, he described
the manner in which the heroic ethics of the Gurus became embodied in one of the most remarkable fighting nations of which history has any record. The first lecture was perhaps, the more interesting for the reason that by liberal quotation from the Sikh Scriptures, it gave the clue to the genes's of that martial temper which played so re narkable a part in the historical development of Northern India and furnished so striking an example of the unity of idea and aim by which all the vital res ligiouss stems of humanity have been in pired. Mr. Macauliffe entered a protest against the tendency to which most Europeans are subject of considering the Sikh religion a merely hea then superstition, and deeming the spiritual happiness and loyalty of its professors a negli geable matter. The protest is well founded, and we not think that any one who has
Tea has fallen upon båd times. After contin ved decreasing shipments for so many years ex ports showed a slight improvement last year, but the prices oblained were very unsatisfactory and on the whole the last twelve months were the worst of the cycle of depression But there are signs of a faint glimmer in the distant horizon and the optimists of the trade are taking a hope ful view of the situation. The consumption of this tea in Canada has multiplied five-fold-the trade with the United States and Russia sllows a slow but steady growth-even China absorbs annually a larger quantity of Indian tea-and when the profits of the income derived from of the Expansion Committee we may look for the quarter-anna pickets, get into the hands some healthy development,
The indigo trade is hopelessly declining From 535 lakhs, seven years ago, the trade has come down to 120 lakhs, or a shrinkage of 415
Year after year the English language grows sembled in Peking, on which occasion the heard or real Mr. Macaulife's exposition is lakhs within a decade, so keen is the harmful
Russian Minister urged that the period of the
likely to fiend in this direction again. To fida parallel to the stirring history of the Sikhs we must go back to the beginning of European history, to the epics of Greece and Scandinavia with, their constant glo- rification of the heroic "virtues; while it might be suggested, with more than a superficial show of justification, that nowhere outside the sacred liter ture of the Hebrews shall we find anything to stand beside the minuled fervour and stead- fastness which is the enduring characteristic of
not be wide of the mark to suggest that the fer- vid monotheistic faith which was the inspiration the teaching of the Guras. Perhaps it would
of their national history accounts in a measure for the continual resemblances between their lerances, their general conception of duty as warfare, and the magnificent confidence in which they went forth to battle. Mt. Macaul life quoted the description, by the Persian writer Khaft Kilan, of the death of Gobind
Some
competition of the synthetic article. optimists, however, believe in an early revival, and think that the depression has touched bottom and that prices are sure to rebound so soon as the poor lands have been eliminated, little thinking that the trend of all manufactures | is to cheapen production and that there is more probability of the German chemists lowering the cost of manufacture than that the prices of the natural dyes will advance.
and we hereby appoint. -dmiral Alexieff as Viceroy of the Primorsk, Amour, as well as of the Kivan-tung Province, under direct com- mand of the Czir. The authority thereby given is the same as that held by the Governor of the Caucasus, which office was established in 1845 and law was issued defining the authority of the new viceroy ly. All the officials in the pro. vines under the new Viceroy shall obey his orders diligently and shall not communicate with the Government of St. Petersburg except through the new Viceroy. The said Viceroy bas hereby conferred upon him the right to negoti ate with the neighbouring powers in all inter. national affairs, and also to use his power to imove the army and navy, and at the same time to discharge the important responsibility of guarding and protecting the Chinese Easter Railway."
continued until the new
The Urake is very cleverly worded so as to include Manchuria without actually saying it. Thus it is very clear that the powers of the Viceroy, is of the most extensive nature. China Gazette.
a
"ŚWATOW TRADE.
In his report on the trade of Swatow for last year, Mr. Acting Consul Willis points out that comparison of the statistics for the past so years shows that the gross trade of Swatow has steadily increased from 1893 onwards until it reached its maximum value in 1899; since this date, although the value expressed in taels bas remained practically stationary, there has been a gradual decrease in the sterling value, the. present year showing a diniinution of searly 100,000 about 15 per cent., of the total trade, in the gold value as compared with the record year. At the same time I should be borne in mind that a falling-off in goid_values" does not necessarily imply a corresponding de
crease in trade.
With the exception of foreign imports, there is little genuine foreign trade; the imports from Chinese ports of native goods invariably.pd exceed the imports of foreign origin, the bulk. of the export trade is sugar for the northern and Yangise ports, and most of the export to foreign countries is for the use of binëse emigrants. As is well known, the Swatow coolie is one of the most successful emigrants, and it would seem that it is the remittances of these emig rants which enable the locality to pay for the
for a succession of years being more than double the value of the exports. foreign goods they consume, the total importa
apace in China, considering the immense number of schools which have been built and
veto should be extended. The other Ministers, the tremendous number of student; engaged in jis study, In Queen's College, Hongkong, however, took a different view, it is easy to alone it is believed that there is a yearly atten understand, of course, that Russis should en 1907, *****
dance of 600 Chinese students. What about deavour to perpetuate the impression of a distur 1903, (to 6th July) ...... Co.6
St. John's College, Anglo-Chinese College, bed state of affairs in China, especially since 13. When all allowances, such as I have Hun-Yang College, etc., of Shanghai? What the prevalence of such an impression would before referred to, have been made, I think it about the Pekin University, the Ticnisin lead to an enforced continuation of China's must be admitted that carbolic acid is of University, and the Shansi University in the military impotence. At the same time Rus
In the industries of India the cotton and North Besides those already mentioned, sian diplomats probably find the policy not st undoubted value in the treatment of plague, there are a good many other institutions where all palatable. It is hard for them to reconcile when given in such doses as alloy its suffi
exercise an overwhelming preponderance. The antiseptic action on the bacilli. It is, however, and then, last of all think of the private schools Bolghbourly friendship, and neighbourly friend
twa interests may be co sidered on nearly cient concentration in the blood to exert its the English language is taught and spoken, such displays of distrust with any theory of
jute industries of Bombay and Calcutta
an even level. The value of the exports of Swatow sill keep its position as fifth.among by no means a specific remedy; and, while conducted by foreigners and Chine:e in ship has always been kept in the ostensible of Hebrew and Sikh alike in the greater ages raw Jute and-the-manufactures of jute mills the Obina treaty ports in the not value of its reporting thus favourably on its use, I would various ports. Many Chinese are now under forefront of their dealings with China.
of Bengal is about four-fifths of the value trade, being far ahead of the somewhat similar, the impression that it is not enough to learn
It may be recalled here that this veto orginal urge upon His Excellency's attention the
of raw cotton and its manufacture from all ly situated ports of Amoy, Foochow and Ning desirability of carrying into effect before next
the language, that something more essentially covered a period of three years and extended to all materiale employed in the manufacture of
parts of India chiefly from Bombay. But po, and only surpassed by Shanghai, Tientsin, epidemic reason proposals already sanctioned still has to be done besides the mere acquisi for the production locally of a curative serum tion of the language, that a profession should arms and munitions of war. Owing, however
whilst the exports of jule have only twice ex- Hankow and Canton. The c latter have, how ceeded the average in recent years those of ever, gained considerably during the year be taken up in connection with the study of to Japan's intervention, not only was the perine for the treatment of plague,
cotton were higher than those of any year under review, and the failure of Swatow, to 14. I attach a table showing the main facts the language. Others think that the language reduced to two years, but also the nature of the
since 1890-189rand of cotton goods much advance part pastu with its rivals must be as- regarding each of the plague cases admitted has lost its value on account of the fact that so veto was changed to materials used exclusively Singh, the last and greatest Guru, the manner] this year, entered in series in the order of their many people are able to acquire it and that for the manufacture of munitions of war,
The Jiji Stimpo, commenting on the lapse of of farewell to the world is irresistably reminis- above the average. Out of a total export trade cribed partly to the disorganisation of the note their betters give their sons a sound education
cent of the death of Socrates. Gobind Singh's amounting to 26 crores these two industries mal conditions of trade caused by the expecta admission to hospital; and also notes in more
account for nearly 19. of the velo, observes justly that its renews legacy to his people was the memory of a superb in German, Russian or French-Shanghat could not have been warranted except by some constancy and heroism, coupled with the final
tion of severe drought and panly to the vaga detall with temperature charts of six typical
The exports of animal bones to Europe haveries of exchange. plague cases, illustrating different forms of the
fresh outbreak of disturbance in China. Our
The staple export of the port it is always disease, and some of them presenting features
contemporary points also to the fact that Russia injunction to follow the teachings of the Garus attained the proportion of a hundred thousand
and to obey the "Sabib Granth" as the visible tons a year. The European farmer highly ap- been sugar, which is almost entirely went to of peculiar interest.-1 have, etc
has never paid the least respect to the vote: embodiment of their departed leaders, and with preciates its value as a fertiliser, whereas in the northern and Yangire ports. The.decrease J. C. THOMSON.
She has freely imported arms into Chinese that call to the Everlasting which was never
India it is considered of very little significance. In value during the present year is due parily It will be worth while to know thic reason why.to the drought, and partly to a smaller market. Dr. Guérin, after long and careful experi- territory Manchuria for the purpose of equip omitted by the Sikhs, far as he afirmed "those Hon. Dr. J. M. Atkinson, Principal Civil Medical Officer, mente in Madagascar and Tonkin, has disping Manchurian free-booters, who s'e Chinese who remember the True Name render their forewing to the excessive prices of sugar in those purts that have hitherto been The trade in oil-seeds has a great future bo owing to the increase in the import of best &c. &c, &c.
covered an efficacious treatment for beri-beri subjects. Yet Russia is the Power which now
lives profitable, and, when they depart, enter Egypilan seeds in 1991 there was a great de-supplied from Swatow, I am informed that by intramuscular injections of 1% solution of presses for a renewal of this veto,
the mansions of bliss."-Friand of India. bichloride of mercury to 2% of serum of Hayem. We doubt whether this last contention cap
mand for the indigenous product and as the The minimum number of infections has been bosupported without reserve would it not apply
seed has since been found satisfactory and two and the maximum six, so says his report, also to the arms and munitions formerly impor
suitable for oil and cake there is every reason and the proportion of cures, amongst patientated by England at Wel-hai-wel for the Use of
to hope for an early development of the indus so traxted, fíás been twothirds,
her Chinose regiment 1-Japan Mall,
The
CHOLERA has not yet been stamped out of the Russian cruiser Oivofny at Nagasaki, and one of the nurses who attended the cases in the hospital has died of the disense.
Mercury.
BERI-BERI.
THERE are about 1,000 Chinese students in Japas, of whom re are young ladies, and they ató mil-said to have progressive tendepoles,
try,
consequence land, that was formerly used for the cultivation of sugar, la gradually, being diverted for the growth of fruit and agetables, for which the climate of Swatow is eminently quitable.