--
HONGKONG IN 1902.
The history of the Colony in 1903 is officially recorded in H. E. Sir Henry Blake's report on the Blue Book Inid before the Legislative Council this afternoon. The report reads as follows:-
Government House, Tiongkong, 22nd June, 1903., Sig- have the honour to submit, for your information, the following general report on the annual Blue look for the year 1937.
1-FINANCES.
THE HONGKONG TELEGRAPH, SATURDAY, JULY 11, 1903.
+1
11
#1
An increase of 453 Nor. ships of 372,021 toas
186 Ger
of 221,619 . Tổng thi.
of 307,897 and smaller increases in other nationalities.
The 150 Jagi of 342 668 The actual number of ships of European construction (exclusive of river steamers and steam launches), entering the port during 1902, was 718, of which 350 were British, and 368 foreign. These 718 ships entered 4,047 times, giving a total tonnage entered of 6,284,258 tons. Thus, compared with 1901, 37 more ships entered 477 more times, and give a total ton- nage increased by 718,926 tons.
Another table indicates the nationality of the various ships entering the port, the numbers of vessels under each flag and the tonnage carried by them, compared with the similar figures for the previous year.
The revenue for the year 1901 exclusive of land sales amounted to $4,329 712 48. Land sales for the year reached $571,361.32. The total revenue from all sources was there fore $4,901,073.70, or $295,108,70 more than the estimate. All the main sources of revenue. The total revenue collected by the Harbour showed an excess over the estimated receipts Department during the year was $266,765.99. with the exception of interest on
credit being an increase of $15,168.60 on the previous balances and the water account, which yielded year. $1,995,08 and $14,05%53 respectively less than the estimate,
ANG
Licences and internal revenue showed an excess of an less than $158 340 55 over the estimate, and there were also considerable excesses under fees of court as office, &c., post office and light dues.
The expenditure for the year, chiefly owing to the sums disbursed (under the head of miscellaneous services) in connection with plague, was very large, and far in excess of the estimate. The estimated expenditure (in- cluding that on public, works extraordinary) was $1,558,955. 16, but the actual disbursements exceeded this estimate by $1,350,593-25,
The total actual expenditure was $5,909,548.51. Deducting from this the total actual receipts, there was a deficit of $6,008,474.81 on the actual working of the year, though the surplus of assets on December 31st amounted to $66,869 exclusive of arrears of revenue.
(a)-General Revenue and Expenditure.
+
(b.)-Industrier,
are fall, and many would-be pupils cannot find admittance. There is also a growing number of night-schools and other non- aided institutions where English is taught. One such school, founded little more than a year ago, has a total enrolment of 300; and application has been made by its manager for its inclusion, under the Government Code, among aided schools. Of Government schools, Queen's College, with an average sttendance of nearly one thousand, is the most important. Three Anglo-Chinese District Schools, with a total enrolment of about 400, were entirely re-constituted and put under European headmasters from the end of the year. Of aided Anglo-Chinese schools, the Roman Catholic Cathedral school has an average attendance of over one hundred. In all these schools a large proportion of the staff consists of European masters. During the year a school for children (both sexes) of Euro. pean British parentage was established at Kowloon: it has already a total enrolment of over sixty. A committee was appointed early in the year to consider the whole question of education in the Colony; and it published a report in which were enunciated several im- portant principles. Of these perhaps the most universally accepted is the dictum that while educating Chinese in English and Western knowledge, it is also desirable to ensue a certain standard of proficiency in the Chipese written language. The Inspector of Schools, who was in England during the summer, made a study of the methods employed by the Board of Education, and on his return drew up a new code for aided schools. This draft bâs since received the full approval of the managers of schools.
Y.-- PUBLIC WORKS.
X-MILITARY FORCES AND EXPENDITUE, (a)—Regular Fortes, A return shows the number and nature of the forces employed in the Colony during 1902. command on the 9th November, and were The and Battalion of the R. W. F. left the
ultimate manipulation of these advantages— Scotland had to send her youths over the length tagonistic in its aims as yet to utilise this raw and breadth of Europe. England was too an
material, so the Scot went elsewhere. France. with him. 'The German States gladly availed themselves of his services, and the great reli gious struggles naturally absorbed the military energies of a people ever prone to dwell on escape his notice. The influx began in the dialectics. 'Russia, inchoate as it was, did-nof reign of Ivan the Terrible" (1531-1584) when history teems with Bruces, Gordons, Leslies, (6.)-Colonial Contribution,
Hamiltons, Carmichaels and Dalziels. Some The Colony contributed $914,038.83 (being settled permanently in Russia, and founded the statutory contribution of 20% of revenue) families whose names survive in strangely per towards the cost of the maintenance of theverted forms. Thus Hamilton became Khro regular forces in the Colony, and Barrack mutov, whilst the great poet Lermontov who Services.
died in 1841 pointed to a Scotch ancestor, Learmont. One of the most notable Britishers- in the making of Russia was undoubtedly Byron wrote: Patrick Gordon, of whom his great clansman
(c)Volunteer Corps:
*
division of these casas into 'serious' and minor offences there appears an increase, as compared with 1901, of 594 cases or 17.45 per cent. in the former, and of 655 cases or 11.35 per cent, in the latter. The serious offences in which the increase was most noticeable were borglary and larceny. The incesse in crime in the Colony is no doubt largely due to the restless-relieved by the Sherwood Foresters. The ness of the neighbouring districts in China, and 22nd Bombay Infantry and the 5th Infantry the influx of Chinese paupers who were the Hyderabad Contingent left on the 9th August victims of bad harvest and spasmodic rebellions
and ath June, respectively, and were replaced in the two adjoining provinces. The police force by the sath Bombay Light Infantry, the 14th is composed of 133 Europeans, 367 Indians and Bombay Infantry and the 33rd Burma Infantry 419 Chinese, and has thus increased, largely owing to the necessities of the New Territory, by nearly 30 members during the past five years. The executive staff consists of a Captain Superintendent, a deputy and two assistant superintendents. The daily average of priso pers confined in the gaol during 1901 was 576. The average may be said to have been raised by about 25 per cent, during the past ten years. Constant attention is given to the instruction of long-sentence prisoners (first offenders) of good conduct, who are employed at industrial labour, viz:-boot and shoe-making, tailoring, mat-making, carpentry, tinsmithing, net-mak- ing, mattress-making, mattan work, knitting printing and book-binding the knowledge of which is useful and educational, rendering many of them much better adapted to earn an honest livelihood after their discharge from prison. The total number of forms printed at the gaol during the year 1932 was 3,050,828, and 11,949 books were bound. The value of work done by the printing and book-binding department was $29,0 9.13. Deducting the cost of paper leather, e c., used during the year, from the net earnings, the total profits on all industrial labour amounted to $29.439.91 for year 1902. The Chinese inhabitants contribute by a voluntary assessment among themselves to the pay of district watchmen, a native force which is of material assistance to the re- gular police. During the year 1902 over
The total establishment of the Corps is 400 of all ranks. The strength in 1902 was 274, made up as follows:-Staff, 6; 2 Garrison Artillery, companies, a35; I Engineer company, 27; and companies and Infantry company were changed a Band, 9. The Field Battery, Machine Gun to two Garrison Artillery companies during 1902. The expenditure on the Volunteers, which is entirely borne by the Colony, was $12,076.91.
GENERAL OUSERVATIONS.
the
Then you've General Gordon Who girded his sword on
To serve with a Muscovite Master, To help him to polish A nature so owlish
They thought shaving heads a disaster. The house of Gordon, is divided into two great sections, legitimate and natural. This From 4th January, 1902, to 8th September, Patrick belonged to the latter, which has given 1902, during my absence on leave, Sir W. I. birth to Lord Aberdeen's family, his father own Gascoigne, K.C.M.G., administered the Gevening a small estate in the North called Auchten. ment. in April, 1902, Mr. W. M. Goodman chries. Young Patrick Gordon once wrote close of the year received the bonour of that foreign service becomes a necessity." was appointed Chief Justice, and towards the "aliens are scarcely employed in England so Kinghthood. Sir Henry Spencer Berkeley, late Chief Justice of Fiji, succeeded him office of Attorney-General, Mr. J. H. Stewart Lockhart, C.M.G.. was appointed Commissioner of Weihaiwei in April, 1902, and was succeeded as Colonial Secretary by Mr. F. H. May, CM.G. The Coronation of His Majesty the King was celebrated in the Colony by a special ions, and by the presentation of loyal ad Duke of Connaught the gift of Sir Paul dresses. A statue of His Royal Highness the Chater, C M.G-was unveiled on 4th July, 1907, and it was announced on that occasion that the same donor and Mr. J. J. Bell-Irving in- tended to present the Colony with statues of His Majesty the King and of His Royal High
Here follows a brief abstract of revenue and of this industry may now reasonably be con- and the Governor's new Peak Residence. The $17,000 was contributed for this purpose. service in the Cathedral, by general illuminat with such characteristic names as Douglas,
expenditure for the years 1091 and 1902.
Most of the local industries of the Colony were carried on with satisfactory results during 1902 and were less hampered by plague than during the preceding year. The fall in the exchange value of silver, to which Sir W. Gas- coigne referred in his Blue Book Report for 1901, continued throughout 1903 with hardly a break. The effect of this fall, however em- barrassing in other respecte, is undoubtedly advantageous as regards many local produc- tions and industries. Cotton spinning in Hong kong was carried on in 1902 under more favor able circumstances than have prevailed sines the initiation of this industry. Comparaure immunity from plague together with improved skill so the part of operatives resulted in largely increased production, and, aided by declining exchange which checked excessive imports of Indian yarns, the local spinnings were freely sold at gradually advancing dollar prices. Under normal conditions the progress
sidered as assured, but the possibility of an annual recurrence of plague which experience has proved drives many of the work-people from the Colony, owing their strong dislike authorities, is a factor which must not be over- to the measures instituted by the sanitary looked in attempting a forecast. The sugar industry had many adverse conditions to contend against during the year which was a most unprofitable one. Chief amongst these was There is a public debt of £341-799.15.1 gut-the continued competition with bounty-fed beet standing. The original debt was incurred in
sugars, which low prices in Europe (the result ennnection with the praya reclamation, the of enormous overproduction) allowed of being central market, and water, drainage and placed in Eastern markets at a level never sewerage works.
accorded to refineries in Japan and the very before reached. The preferential treatment onerousconditions there to be contended against constitute a very severe handicap to trade with | that country, which was formerly an important outlet for the production in Hongkong. Scar city of water and greatly increased cost of labour were factors which further conduced to an unfavourable result to local refineries. in other respects the outlook for industrious enter- prise in Hongkong is on the whole promising
(b.)-Assets and Liabilities.
At the end of the year 1977 the surplus of the assets of the Colony over the liabilities asiounted to $65,969.48, the total assets being -$814.903.89 Exchaïve of arrears of revenue amounting to $90,780 and the total liabilities to $749,934.01.
(r.)~Public Debt.
Interest at 31% is payable upon the loan, which is being paid off by a sinking fund.
IL-TRADE, INDUSTRIES, FISHERIES,
AGRICULTURE AND LAND. (a)-Tride and Shipping. A table is appended showing the principal articles of export in the year 1902 in vessels of European construction, compared with similar
returns for 1901.
It will be observed that coal imports resumed their upward tendency, and the figure for 1902 is not appreciably smaller than that for the abnormal year 1907. Still more noticeable are the large increases in the import of opium and
rice
The principal features he remarked in the reported trade of the port for 1902 are:-In imports reported--
Increases in pium of 69.6%.
rice of 32.6%-
general of 15.770
cual of 13.4%
of 17.1%. sugar " timber of 10.7%.
Decreases in hemp of 26.5%
オト
flour of 29.1%.
bulk oil of 22.9%.
case oil of 22.5% cotton of 20.3% The net increase under this head amounts to 482,476 tons. In exports, there is an increase reported of 126,814 tons. In transit cargo is an increase reported of 237,812 tons.
The total reported import trade of the port for 1902 amounted to 26,037 vessels of 9,867,486 tons carrying 6,921,928 tons of cargo, of which 4,549,531 tons were discharged at Hongkong. This does not include the number, tonnage or
The principal public works undertaken or completed within the year were the new Law Courts, the road to Taipo, the Western Market, the new Harbour Office, an extension of the Tytam Reservoir, the Kowloon Water-works,
Law Courts are to be built on the Pray Re clamation. The greater part of the yeap was occupied in forming the foundations, which were nearly completed. The road to taipo, the administrative centre of the New Territory, was practically finished. Its width is 1 feet and its length 18 miles. The foundations of the new Western Market were nearly completed up to ground level, and also those of the new Harbour Office. The new water-works & Ty. tam and Kowloon have been undertaken in consequence of the inadequacy of the xist ing water supply to meet the requirements af the city of Victoria during the dry season. The tam Reservoir, over a length of about z8gfeet, excavation of the foundations for the new Ty was practically completed, and a portio was filled in with cement concrete. The new Kow loon Water-works scheme is in the band of a firni of local architects and engineers. Byond the laying of maius, the defining of dronage boundaries and a certain amount of excautier, there has not yet been time to make my de- cided progress with the work. The Governors new Peak Residence was completed July and occupied shortly afterwards. The ho se A considerable proportion of the boat-popuis large and substatial and stands near the latin of Hongkong supports itself by deep-sea highest point on the island. The total mount fishing, in which pursuit a large number of spent on public works extraordinary dug the junks are engaged. In the immediate neigh year was $1,157,104, and on works anually bourhood of the Colony, or within its territorial
recurrent $506,793. Of the former sum, 0800 waters, the fishing industry has not assumed
was expended in the purchase of a sit on the any considerable dimensions. About $1,010 Praya Reclamation for the new post office. was paid into the Treasury during the year from fees for fi hing stakes and station licences in the New Territory.
(c)-Fisheries.
V1-GOVE NMENT INSTITUTIONĮ
(a)-Hospitals, -Governme. Hospitals consist of t Civil Hospital, to which is attached an glated Maternity Hospital; Kenndy Town Intious Diseases Hospital, and the hulk Hygei The Civil Hospital contains 150 beds in 20 yards; the Maternity Hospital 6 beds for Eurpcaus and 4 for Asiatics; and Kennedy Town Hospital 26 beds in the main buildin In 1902, :06 cases were treated at Kennedytown, of which 94 were cases of plague, 10 ofsmall- pox and 52 of cholera. 3,108 in-pariers and 1,8g out-patients were treated at the vern- ment Civil Hospital in 1952. There was a decided decrease in the number of adressions from malarial fever, the figures being 19 as compared with 787 in 1901.
It
IX-VITAL STATISTICS.
(a)-Population.
The last census was taken in January, 1921, when the population was found to be 283,975) exclusive of the army and navy. The esti- mated population at the beginning of the year under review, (the naval and military forces being similarly excluded from the estimate), was 311,824, including 18,524 non-Chinese. This is exclusive of the New Territory, the population of which is probably slightly under 110,000. The total population of the Colony may therefore be estimated in round figures at 421,000, of all nationalities. The total number of deaths 6,783. This gives an annual birth- of births registered in the Colony was 1,200,
rrate of 3.8 and a death-rate of 21.7 per 1000, The excess of deaths over births is ex- plained by the fact that thousands of Chinese families are represented in Hongkong by men only, and that a large proportion of the popul- ation of the Colony is a floating population of adult males. It should also be remembered that a large proportion of births among the Chinese remains unregistered. The preponde rance of male vrt female births is very marked among the Chinese community, being in the proportion of 190 males to every fco females. The proportion among the non-Chinese com- munity was 111 to 100 as compared with to7 to 100 in 1901.
ness the Prince of Wales.
The New Territory has continued its gradual and peaceful development; and if it were not for the occasional inroads of disorderly char- acters from the Chinese side of the frontier there should be but little to record in the way of robbery or outrage. The demarcation of the whole of the New Territory, with the ex ception of certain strips, and the Island of Lamma, was finished during the year. The constuction of an excellent road from Kowloon to Taipo, a distance of about 18 miles, was practically completed. The system of police stat ons is also complete, and nearly every connected with the city by station is telephone. The settlement land claims has been steadily progressing, and it is hoped that the work for which the tem potary Land Court was created will shortly be concluded. The area of the New Ter ritory is about 370 square miles, of which the cul ivated area is about 45,000 acres or 60square (d)-Public Health and Sanitation.
miles. The estimated population is slightly The Colony was again visited by plague in
over 100,000. At present the expenditure on the spring and summer of 1902, though the out-
the New Territory, largely due to the cost of the Land Courtand public works extraordinary. break was much less severe than in several is considerably in excess of the revenue: but former years. 546 Chinese are known to have died of this disease in the Colony, and 26 judging from the present rate of progress and members of the British and foreign community, the revenue will equal the expenditure within prospects for the future it may be expected that which includes Asiatic Portuguess. 57 cases of snail-pox, of which 41 were fatal, occurred Commerce has pronounced itself strengly in seven or eight years. The local Chamber of during the year, and a somewhat serious out- break of cholera which was responsible for 433
favour of the compulsory adoption of the metric deaths took place synchronously with plague.
system of weights and measures throughout It is probable that the spread of the disease
the Empire, and will welcome any change in was encouraged by the shortage of the water-
that direction, In spite of the depression caused supply in the spring, which was the result of the silver market and other more remote causes, especially in import trade, by the fluctuation in the deficient rainfall of 1951. There were 425 the prosperity of Colony has continued to ex beri. The total number of deaths from all that in spite of the heavy drain upon the deaths from malarial fever, and 453 from beri-pand during the past year. Statistics show causes was 6,783, including 352 members of the resources "British and foreign community. There was a
of the Colony cause directly very marked diminution in the number of mal-plague, the financial position of the Col ny and indirectly by the annual recurrence of arial fever cases reported from the New Terri- is sound and gives no cause for uneasinees for tory. The treatment with larvicides of the the future. At the same time it is well to re:
Russia was only too glad to take the men England despised. This Gordon found. himself in the Swedish Army fighting the Protestant cause of Gustavus, though he him self was a staunch Catholic. After an adven-. he entered the Russian Army in 1661 to serve turous career, now under the colours of Poland, Czar Alexis, finding many of his countrymen Airth, Keith, Burent, Stuart and Menzies in 38 years later he assisted materially in making stalled as officers. From that year to his death. Russia the great Power she indisputably is to day. It was not a pleasant task. He found foreign deviia, who had come to civilise were looked upon at best as scarcely Christians, and the Russians half barbaric. He, and other
by the plebeian as mere pagans.. Gordon spent the first year of his in Russia, warring against the Turks and Tartars, rising to be Lieut-General; but it was not until the advent of Peter the Great that the tenacious Scot's ability was fully recognised. The Greek Church opposed Gordon as a heretic, but Peter defied the Church, and set aside all prejudice against foreigners for none knew better than Russia must be civilized from without. Thus when Peter went to London two hundred years ago be not only saw our, methods, but he annexed a little army of the men who practised them. He managed to get some ex- cellent soldiers, for the Stuart sympathies of the military classes of England had driven many our best soldiers into exile, Gordon who publicly congratulated Peler in the name of the army on the birth of poor Alexis. It was Gorden who really took Azov, It was Gordon who saved Peter from the mutinous Strelitzes in 16g8, and indeed our. chief knowledge of this conspiracy is due to Gordon's' autobiography which is one of the great national documents of Russia, and has been translated into German but only paitly into English When Gordon died in 1699 Peter felt his loss intensely, and gave him a took both his sons, and his son-in-law, the gorgeous funeral in Moscow, whilst be also
army,
k Jacobite plotter Alexander Gordon, into the
It was
Then Peter went to Ireland for another re
markable General, and found Peter Lacy, who came of a family of ubiquitous fighters, Lacy's father and two of his brothers had fallen helped King James to defend Limerick and for France. He himself at the age of thirteen
troops. Lacy commenced as a major in Colonel Peter out of a hundred officers to train Russian after having served Poland was selected by
Bruce's regiment, but soon, got a regiment of his own composed of Russian nobles armed Peter to reduce the Cossack Chief Mazer parat and horsed at their own expense. He helped Puliowa, 1709, and subsequently fought the
cargo of local trade junks, or steam launches. strictly according to Western methods, and takes the place of Poor-house and Hostal for breeding places of the anopheles mosquito-ismember that the assets of this Colony are Swedes, Danes, and Turks, extending Russia's
Thesereturos show a decided improvement upon those for 1901, when the import trade was much depressed. This is a hopeful sign, especially as the further fall in silver exchange and the high values ruling on the home markets in certain staple commodities continued through- out the year to militate against the import unde of the Colony. It must not be forgotten that figures such as those given above are necessarily imperfect in the case of a free port, The returns depend for accuracy upon the information voluntarily afforded to the Harbour Master by the masters and agents of the vessels concerned, and their reliability can- not be tested as thoroughly as might be desired. The total tonnage entering and clearing dur. ing the year amounted to 21,528,780 tons, being an increase, compared with 1gor, of 2,103,396 tons and 3,083,644 tons in excess of any pre- vious year, There was $1,542 arrivals of 10,783,50z tons, and $1,547 departures of 19,754,278 tons. Of British ocean-going ton- nage, 3,010,441 toas entered, and 3,055,148 tone cleared. Of British river steamers, 1,775,960 tons entered, and 1,780,238 tons cleared. Of foreign ocean-guing tonnage, 3,273,817 tons entered, and 3,218,719 tons clented. Of foreign river steamara, 92,766 tons entered, and 95.90g tons cleared. Of steam launches trading to ports outside the Colony, 97,607 tona entered, and 97,607 tons cleared. Of funks in foreign trade, 1,613,875 tons entered, and 1,634,344 kons cleared
Of jonks in local trade, 916,016 tons entered, and 993,313 tons cleared. Thus British ocean-going tonnage reprciented, 17.94%
river
16.52% Foreign ocean-going
30.25% river Steam launches in Foreign trade, Junks
"1
"
local
#
#
1
" 像
0.89% -0.91% 15.04% 8.45%
10000%
As
The Tung Wa Hospital is mainly suported by voluntary subscriptions, and only recives a small contribution from the Governmet. Chinese sick and destitute. Chinese aswell as European methods of treatment. are employed in accordance with the wishes expreted by the patients or those who are responsole for them.
heated during 1902, and there were deaths. Other Government Institution} The Prison, Observatory, Post Off Edu- cational establishments and other Gorament institutions are dealt with under separa beads.
VII.—INSTITUTIONS NOT SUPPORTO BY
GOVERNMENT.
still being actively continued with good results practically the goodwill of its commerce, and sphere of influence the whole time. His it is only by a continuance of its sea-borne promptness in suppressing a meeting of the trade-which fortunately as yet shows no signs Russian Guards saved St. Petersburg, and of declining-that the Colony can expect to re- probably the Empire. main in its present prosperous condition.-1 have etc.,
The Rt. Hon. Joseph Chamberlain, M.P.,
HENRY A. BLAKE, Governor. His Majesty's Principal Secretary of State for the Colonies, etc, etc., etc.
But Peter had even greater dreams than the reform of his army-he was equally keen on the Navy and to this end' be 'em played many a Britisher. One of these. was Thomas Gordon, a Scot who had left our Navy owing to his close friendship with the Pretender, who was perpetually urging him
experts in sanitation and piague respectively, HOW BRITISH SUBJECTS HAVE to induce Peter to invade England. Gordos
MADE RUSSIA:
(d)-Forestry, Botanical, Science and Agriculture. Nearly 6,500 new trees were planted in Hongkong during the year, and more than 31,500 in the New Territory, the majority being pines. It has been found that camphors will grow successfully in the New Territory and nearly 3,000 of these trees were planted in the neighbourhood of the new Taipo Road. For estry and botanical work generally made good progress during the year, though hampered to a considerable extent by the excessive drought in the spring and the severity of the typhoons during July. Good experimental work, is carried on by a Chinese gentleman in the New Territory, who has under cultivation sugar cane, mulberries, and various fruit trees, flowers and vegetables. As the cultivation is carried on with the assistance of Government, it is hoped that the Chinese of the New Territory will bene
The sanitary condition of the city still leaves fit by this excellent object-lesson. In another
much to be desired, and the overcrowding in district of the New Territory a considerable
Chinese tenement houses is excessive. New area is being cultivated by a small company
legislation will ameliorate present conditions under European supervision. So far success
by degrees, but it is evident that real improve has attended the growing of vegetables, and
The Lunatic Asylum is under the drectionment can only be gradually attained. A new both hemp and Chinese tobacco give promise of the Principal Civil Medical Office Euro consolidating and amending law relating of repaying cultivation. ()-Land Grants and General Valve of Land. pean and Chinese patients are separed, the to buildings and public health was prepar European portion of the Asylum confining 8 ed with great care under the supervision Sales of Crown land for the year 1902 beds in 8 separate wards, and the Chiese per- and by the advice of Mr. Osbert Chadwick, amounted in value to $571,361.22, or more than
tion 16 beds. 120 patients of all rats were C.M.G., and Professor Simpson, M.D., who, as 372,000 in rce, and more than $330,000 pts from this source, over
were commissioned to hold investigations into
was 57 when he quitted England, but Peter at the actual receipts for 1901. The only year in
the present sanitary condition of the city and
once made him a Rear Admiral, and ultimately which a larger sum has been realized was 1900,
to trace the causes of the continued prevalence
Governor of Cronstadt. Far greater than Gor- when the receipts were $816,227 The value of
of bubonic plague. The new Ordinance, which
don, however, was another Scot, Samuel Grieg, the land in the New Territory which is, con-
embodies most of the recommendations of To those who know something of the expan who left Fife to fight our battle in France. In tiguous to the harbour or south of the Kowloon
Messrs. Chadwick and Simpson, did not ac- sion of Russia, how she has become a Great1763, he entered the Russian Navy and in range of hills bas enormously increased in value
Among institutions recognised andencour-tually come into operation during 1902, though Power, and how the Romanoff's have risen the since the British occupation commenced.
seven years was a Rear Admiral. Ha remodel. aged but not to any considerable exjat supit practically passed through all its legislative "Situation in the Far East," which has been led the Russian Navy from top to bottom, dis an example of this, a case may be cited of a
the leading line in the newspapers for so many cipling the crews and educating the officers, small land-owner who before the New Terri ported by Government may be meated the stages before the end of the year.
Po Leung Kuk and the College of ledicise
(c).—Climate:
months, affords a strange object lesson in the and he also gave Russia his son who was A tory was taken over held about 127 acres of
for Chinese. The Po Leung Kuk is a institu. The average monthly temperaturs through art of irony, Juggling with mysterious treaties middy at birth and rose to be a Rear Admiral land near Devil's Peak, west of the Lyeemon
It is to him Russia owes its. Black Sea Fleet Pass, and paid a tax to the Chinese authorities to presided over by the Registra General out the year has been. 73.4° F. as compared manipulating solemn-looking Oriental; who
and an annually elected Committee twelve with_72,1° F. during 1901; the maximum inevitably recall Bret Harte the Czar stands and strange to say his son, representing the pf $5 per annum.
as his title Chinese gentlemen, for the protection women monthly temperature was attained in the month on Chinese soll, obdurate even defiant. He third generation, opposed us from the Russian to the land was confirmed by the. Hong and children. The inmates of fe home of August and September when it reached
has outwitted our statemen at every turn. He | side during the Crimean War, distinguishing kong Land Court, be sold it to a local company receive daily instruction in ementary 81.8 F., and the minimum monthly fempera-pooh-poohs those whore ancestors were expert himself at the siege of Sebastopol, Another of for 850,000. The cadastral survey of the New subjects and sometimes cara peel-money ture was recorded in the month of February, diplomats when his own were barbaric, ha Peter's great discoveries was a Gloucester man, Territory and the demarcation of the fam lots by doing needle-work. During a total of being 39.5 F. The highest recorded tempera bamboozles the British, his shadow dogs as at John Parry, an engineer. In our Navy be lost was a difficult and costly work owing to the 617 persons were admitted, mad up of 494 ture during the year was 92.2 F. on July every step in the East just as Napoleon's did his arm in 1690 engaging a French privateer, rugged and mountainous nature of the ground and the small size of the boldings. This work ones, 23 young girls, and 30 sul boys of 27th, and the lowest 40's F. on February eighty years ago, when the mere mention of Peter met him in England, engaged him on
these, 151 were restored to the parents or Ath. Tho returns from the is now practically finished, and rapid progress sent charitable institutions in Ona, 27 were Observatory show that the total rainfall
Bonaparte was used to terrify the baby Britisher the spot as comptroller of maritime works at a is being made with the sew rent-roll. Building sent to missionary schools and pavents, ig forthe year was 97.50 inches as compared with
in the cradle. But there is this difference salary of £300 a year, which during 14 years he land in the urban portion of the Colony is
France owed as nothing in those days; rather drew only once. For this is one of the strange were married, to adopted, and 3 allowed to 55.78 inches in 1951 and an average of 77.86 we were the debtors. For bad she not given things about the absorption of British brains by limited in extent and continues to be very leave. The home is medically arded by one inches during the past ten years. The wet- us a new mode of life, when she sent William Russia. She will give, almost, anything on costly,
of the Colonial surgeons. Ti Hongkong test month was May with 1673 inches, while from Normandy, to say nothing of many a generous impulss but hates to pay on her just College of Medicine for Chinesas founded there were also 26.5 inches of rain in the month Princess-and principle. But Russia is the debts or legitimate contracte. Forty-seven ordinances were passed during in 1887, for the purpose of tealing surgery, of August; the driest month was February with Russia we know, because we have shown 1907, of which twenty-two were amending and medicine and midwifery, especia to Chinese, only ooz inch. The greatest amount of rain her the way. Till we took her in hand, twelve private ordinances. The dependence The government of the College vested in the which fell on any one day was 8.06 inches on not officially perhaps, but none the less of the Colony for its water supply on the annual Court, of which the Rector of thCollege, who August and, while no rain fell on 223 days of practically-Russia was but a vast con rainfall, and the occurrence of a serious water has always been a Government ficial, is Pre- the year; the relative humidity of the atmosp: glomerate of hordes of unprincipled tribes, famine in the spring of the year under review, sident, 76 students have been rolled up to here throughout the year was 75.6 per cent, as Britain helped to unify them all under the showed the necessity of introducing new legisla. 1903, and of these 18 have bene qualified compared with 75 per cent. in the previous master touch of Peter, and having drilled his tion to regulate and control the supply. The licentiates and have obtainedarious posts year, while during March to August it averaged armies, and created his navy Britain helped Water-works Consolida-under Government and elsewhe, The instir continuously over 87 per cent. The average him to extend in every direction, crushing the tion Ordinance, which had for its object tution is of great value in spreing a know- daily amount of the sunshine throughout the Turk on the South-West, solldifying the frontier result was the the economising of water. Four ordinances ledge of Western medical scles amongst the year was 5.3 hours, and on 51 days no sunshine on the West, and pushing far East. In short dealt with the New Territory, chiefly Chinese; and in addition to employment was recorded.
Britain forged a sword, and put it into the Czar's, in connection with Crown lands resumption, af certain of the licentiates in theblic service,
X-POSTAL SERVICE. Gembitious hands and now he threatens to wield WHILE. the French Mail tender was on her rent recovery, and the registration of litles, the senior students have frequely been made The revenge derived from all sources of the it for our own chastisement if he can. He is way up from Woosung on Thunday evening, Of the private measures the most important use of for various purposes durip pidemic ses postal service amounted to $387,066.19, an annexing our methods of expansion, mesacing at about 8.30, she ran down and sank a'smal was the Tramway Ordinance (No. 10 of 1902), sans. A Governmen; grant-in-1 of 12,5octis increase of $43.544 61 on that of the previous here, and defying there; putting us to infinite steam launch belonging to the Imperial Japa. by which the construction of an electric tram- made to the College, to be useds a honorans year. The ssic of stamps realised $353.9 9.90. expenas in keeping a great army on the frontier, nese cruiser Akathi. The accident took place way within the Colony was authorized and the to the lecturers.
or $29,886.03, more than was realised in 1901.. of our Indian Empire, and parting China, on a in the lower reach a few yards astern of the necessary legal powers conferred upon the
All branches of the postal organisation shared in Slay scheme, so that we have to look to it less Japanese cruiter Sama. of The Cries of the Company by which the tramway is to be con
the general increase except exchange on money: Gur prestige in the East be crippled.
launch were heard on board the latter vessel and structed.
order transactions. she profits of which showed This is the chronic significance of the boats were of ones sent to her assistance.” The a decrease from slightly over $10,000 to $2,768, present crisis which a knowledge of Russia's tender also stopped and aisitted to take the It is hoped that before long a direct parcel port evolution suggests, and it is all the more men off. The French tender was not damaged. exchange with the United States of America ironical because this year happens to be the but the launchrank in about two minutes. No will be established, effecting an appreciable two hundredth anniversary of Feter the Great's lives were lost, most of the man being picked reduction in the time now occupied in transit. visit to England, and his carrying off of five up by the Sume, boats. We have been The penny letter postage was extended to the hundred Britishers to help him build: his unable to ascertain the cause of the collision, British postal agencies In China from 15th Empire.com
reports the M. C. D. News. Probably the February. The agencies exist at Amey, Can, The Scot was among the first to invade Russia: launch was hidden by the stern of tanks, Mwen ton Foochow Hankow, Hoihow, Lip Kung Tau Equipped with a magnificent system of cheap until the tender was too close to aven s
education, but offering few opportunities for the disaster?: ?
As soon
IIL-LEGISLATION,
A comparison between the years 1901 and 1902 is given in a table attached.
For vessel under the British flag, the table There figures are, however, misleading, for shows an increase of 387 ships of 358,148 tons, river steamers are responsible for an increase of 397 ships of 157,539 tona. This leaves a net decrease of 10 ncean-going ships, with noʻin. crease in tonnage of 200,609 tons. The above increase in river steamers is due to the fact that "the one vessel which ran in rgar and not in 1902 is more than counterbalanced by two which started to res at the end of 1901, and two which started to run at the beginning of fog. The fall of 10 ocean-going vessels is a genuine de crease, which loses a portion of its significance when we consider the increased size of vessels par evidenced by the increase in tonnage. For The educational system in the Colony is at vessels under foreign flags, we find a large in present undergoing revision, and it is as yet crease, viz., 1,267 ships of 1,358,709 tons of which 301 ships of 93,617 tons are due to river steamers, and new French vessel having start ed to run in 190s, and another French blp baving run more often in igoz than in 1901. The remainder, 966 ships of 1,385,033 tops, it due to
IV-EDUCATION.
*YBIL CRIMINAL AND LICE
Statistics The number of convictions the Superior Courts during the last five years as follows i➡ :25, 1898 189909 1908 1907 1 For Offences against
too early to speak with confidence of the results the Parson, 19 49 54 54 55 which may be expected from measures which a For Offences against are so some extent, only tentative. we Property.
the
Hongkong
of recent years the demand among the 13 For other Offence alfabana Chinase for jastraction in the English language. The total of all cases report to the police has largely increased, and is now so keen that was 10,431, as against 9,173, 1901 10This ill the Anglo-Chinese schools of the Colony, | shows an increase of 13.61; tant. In the 1 (Weibadwol), Ningpo, Shanghai and Swatow,
* There are dozens of British either directly or indirectly in Russian service to-day many of them legitimately and honourably, the legs said about the others the better That Russia has gone as far as not only Gred Britain, but other Powers in the East, feel disposed to allow her is indisputable. Whether he will exercise discretion is a matter which can be more safely discussed when we see the outcome of current events N. C. D. News.