Kutimations.
NOTICI
THE HONGKONG TELEGRAPH, TUESDAY, JUNE 9, 1903.
All communications intrude! for publication In The HONGKONG TELEGRAPH " should be adreset to the Eliur, 1. Ice House Road, and should be accompanied by the Writer's Name and Address.
*rdinary business communications should be address
to The Manager.
The Editor will not undertake in be responsible for
A. S. WATSON & CO., any rejected 318., or to return any Contribution.
LIMITED.
WINE MERCHANTS,
ESTABLISHED A.D. 181.
CLARETS.
BRION LARRIVET... 20.00
CHATEAU MOUTON
Per Cave
SUBSCRIPTION RATES (IN ADVANCE). DAILY-530 jer onatur Weski-$10 per amano.
The rates per quarter and per mensem, pmportiouni, The daily lane is delivered free when the address is accessible to newsenger. Ou enpios sent by post nu additional 81,80 per quarter is chargel for pastage. The postage on the weekly basuo to any pit of the
world is 30 cents per quarter. Single Copies Daily, teu cents; Weekly, twenty-
fire tent.
he Hongkong Telegraph
HONGKONG, TUESDAY, JUNE 9, 1903.
LOCAL AND GENERAL.
LeMunyon will have another grand opening Day and a Souvenir day as well; watch the date.
Advt.
THE registration of Chinese residents of Manila cominenced on June 1st. The order provides that it shall be the duty of every Chinese labourer, other than a citizen, at the time of the passage of the act, to obtain within one year thereafter a certificate of residence in the insular territory wherein he resides, which cer tificate shall entitle him to reside therein, and upon failure to obtain such centilicate he shall be deported from such ingular territory. All Chinese persons other than labourers shall likewise be compelled to hold certificates of registration to entitle them to reside in the Philippine islands.
The following telegraphic information, dated 3rd inst. was received at Shanghai from the Sumatra Director and Manager of the Maats- chappij tot Mijn-B sch en-Lond-houwex- ploitatie in Langkat, Ld.:--
gallons
ST. ESTEPHE
.8.00 $ 9.00
ST. JULIEN..
10.00
LA ROSE
13.50
11.00
14.50
Daily aggregate output of Crude
CHATEAU
HALT
AN interesting article dealing with China's Currency is printed on page 3,
Petroleum ................. Crude Petroleum in Tanks at date
$8,000 ... 120,000
cases,
22.00
THE English Mail of the 9th May was deliver Kerosene made since the date of the ed in London on the 6th inst..
64,000
D'ARMAILHACQ
24.00
20,00
CHATEAU FONET
56,000 81,500
CANET
28.00
CHATEAU LA TOUR
CANET......
33.00
CHATEAU RAUZAN... CHATEAU LAFITE
$8.00
54.00
These CLARETS are specially selected and obtained from the LEADING FRENCH GROWERS; they are of exceptional value and in fine condition.
CHATEAU LA TOUR CANET, CHATEAU RAUZAN AND CHATEAU LAFITE
are recommended to the notice of Con- noisseurs as high-class after-dinner Wines.
We guarantee our Wines and Spirits to be genuine only when bought direct from in the Colony or from our authorized Agents at the Coast Ports.
Don't forget the chits for they will not qu LeMunyon. Advt.
REPRESENTATIVES of the Guggenheim syndi cale at Denver intimate that the price of silver may advance materially.
SHIPMAYTERS will be interested to learn that the new headquarters of the Division of the Philippines light on the ramparts of Fort Santiago will soon be surmounted by a huge time ball that will be daily dropped at 12 o'clock
noon.
VICE-Admiral Alexieft, commanding the Rus san squadron in the Pacific Ocean, "and chief of the military district of Kwangtung," as he is described in the Official Messenger (St. Peters- burg), has been decorated and promoted to be Admiral
A PROJECT is on foot in San Francisco to induce Californians to invade japan with the products of our fichts, fatus and orchards. It is such campaigns as this that make the peoples of the world better, more closely united and more generous in rivalry.
preceding half-monthly telegram Kerosene shipped since the date of the
preceding half-monthly telegram Kerosene in Stock at Refinery at date Is the Manila Courts the salvage case of Charles E. Wheel r, General Manager of the Philippines Transportation and Construction Company, and George W. Taylor, Captain of the steamboat Heta against the steamboat Food Sing, is being heard It is alleged by the plaintiffs that during a typhoon, on the zoth of July, 1972, the Fook Sing was on the verge of being wrecked, in Manila Bay; that the vessel was dragging her anchor and had reached and was beating against the new breakwater. The Bela had just arrived from Hongkong and went to the rescue of the defendant ship. The plaintiffs are sueing for $io,coo.
A NEW YORK cable of June 4 says the whole Kingdom of Servia has been aroused to an unwonted state of excitement through the discovery by the bodyguard of the Quced, that a systentatte attempt was being made to poison her Majesty through inserting poisonous stuffs in the food that was prepared for her table. The Royal cook was the guilty party and when he learned of the failure of the dastardly BEFORE many weeks elapse there is likely to be attempt on the life of the Queen, and fearing another theatrical attraction for Hongkong. the ultimate consequences to himself, he im According to Manila exchanges a Farce-mediately committed suicide. It is not believed Comedy Company is engaged for the Zorrilla | that the Cook was the prime mover in the affair boards, and after a short season there will but that it was at the instigation of higer powers who were afraid of the growing popularity of the Queen.
A. S. WATSON & Co., come on to this Colony,
LIMITED.
THE HONGKONG DISPENSARY,
TELEPHONE NO. 136.
CABLE ADDRESS: "ACHEE," HONGKONG, A. B. C. CODE, 4TH EDITION.
ESTABLISHED 1859.
A CHEE &
祥
利
CO.,
廣
17A, QUEEN'S ROAD.
FURNITURE
DEALERS.
DRAWING-ROOM,
DINING-ROOM,
and 'BED-ROOM
ELECTRO-PLATED,
GLASS, and
FURNITURE.
CHINA WARES.
PASTEUR'S MICROBE-PROOF
FILTERS,
ROCHESTER LAMPS,
WHITE TURKISH TOWELS.
COUNTERPANES.
COOKING RANGES,
KITCHEN UTENSILS, and
HOUSEHOLD REQUISITES.
PHOTOGRAPHIC DEPARTMENT.
DEVELOPING and PRINTING
GOOD WORK.
ON account of the continued persecutions of the Jews all of that sect in and around Odessa are arming themselves to the best of their ability and are making all preparations to
▸
We shall have a Souvenir Day soon, but you will have to pay us a personal visit as no chits will go. LeMunyon-Advi
wa
IN our telegram columas yesterday, recorded that a hurricane had visited the Philippines doing a tremendous amount of damage.
Fram later advices we learn
that the province of Capiz, Island of severe storm, Panay, was devasted by a reported to be the worst ever knową in the history of that country, in which nearly every house in the province suffered damage and the loss us the inhabitants mounts up into the hundreds of thousands of dollars, the corn, obuca and cocoa trees being, uprooted and destroyed. The storm swept the entire province, the town of Capiz suffered severely, there is hardly a house in that place that has
not
been damaged, some of the towns in the interior report that there is not a house left standing, while many of the towns are yet to be heard from. The loss of life is not reported to be great, but as the reports are meagre the exact loss of life is only a matter of conjecture until the full reports of the storm are nerived Thousands of people are bome. less, they are camped in the colds and great suffering will follow unless the inhabitants are relief as the rains are heavy in that given section at the present time of the year.
YESTERDAY'S WEDDING.
Immediately on the return of the bride and bridegroom to Government House yesterday, the bridal By was photographed in a group on the lawn by Mr. Mee Chung and Mr. Afong, photographers. As the guests entered cach was presented with a buttonhole, artificial orange blossoms, as a souvenir of the occasion
CONTRACT FOR CAVITE DRY DOCK
PASSENGER TRAFFIC ON THE WEST RIVER.
A NEAT TRICK EXPLAINED. (From Our Correspondent)
Camion, June 8th. That the native is not altogether without
enthusiasm wus amplified last week when they proceeded to worship at the Temple of the Mother of the Dragon at Yuet Shing on the West River. Steam lauuches and passenger boats, of all descriptions made the journey, and it is estimated that over 100,00 persons, visited this newly-opened port during the past fort night. There must have been a considerable quantity of samshu drunk and inbibers doubt- lessly fell overboard, as in places, numbers of budies were observed floating down streamt. Some of the launches making the journey from Cauton were a perfect disgrace. Some, not fit to carry 50 passengers, had 150 Questioned on the subject suuls aboard.
you can come Hongkong too muchee passenger," a native very easy skipper replied, "My sabie, one time takee fifty man. Go Llama three time takee fifty man. Go Llama number three time takee allo man then go river. This explains how the Can oa and Hongkong au- thorities are foiled. Altogether the season at Yuet Shing has been a great success and the
15
to "How Jashion
Mother of the Dragon should be content to wait for her jo,s for another twelve months.
ANOTHER TRANSCONTINEN- TAL' DINE
TO BE COMMENCED. No sooner is the great railway across Siberia and Manchuria from Europe to the Pacific prac
tically completed than Russian engineers and adininistrators have taken up another trans-con- tinental line, which is as vast in extent, though more gradual in its construction. Little notice has been taken by any but those interested in Central Asian politics of the railway ruining
According to the Manila Times, Rear Ad- mical Endicott, Chief of the Bureau of Yards and Docks, has recommended to Acting Secre-from the eastern shore of the Caspian by the tary Darling that the contract for the construc. tion of the Manila dry dock be awarded to the Maryland Steel Company, whose bid was $1,120,000. The dock is to be the largest in the world. When completed it will be towed to Manila.
PIRACY ON WEST RIVER.
REPORTED CAPTURE OF AMERICANS.
Writing from Canton under yesterday's date a correspondent informs us that pirates are again at work on the West River, and a few days since attacked the Kangchau, a French taunch el about a hundred tons, which ples between Canton and Shek Kee. The pirates were successful in boarding the ship, and took away all valuables upon which they could lay hold. According to the correspondent they seized two men belonging to the staff of the compradore and live passen- News of the release they require $2,000 each. affair reached Canton and the American Consul
move out of one district into another, and the local authorities can hardly be expected to run about the country comparing finger-marks.
TEA GROWING IN THE UNITED STATES.
That fine:tea could be grown in the United
States has been known for more than a century. That it could be grown profitably and upon so large a scale as to be made the basis of ́n national industry has at last been demonstrated after years of the hardest labour. The problem has been a difficult one, and had to be solved along lines wherein the American horticulturist bad no experience. Besides the practical work of the field, there were involved a study of tea
culture in the Far East and a compilation of facts from Japan, China, Formosa, India and Ceylon. A hundred trained observers have done this work, and the many obscure points and problems which once confronted the expe-. riment have been completely elucidated.
In the beginning it was believed that tea was tropical plant, and would not thrive in the temperate zone. This view, although held by many well-informed persons to-day, was soon modified, and the herb classed as subtropical in character. Of late year this opinion has been revolutionized, and it is now held that the
plant originall, belong to a Northern country.
in the neighbourhood of the Hoang-Ho, and that it has acquired the power of thriving in warm latitudes by careful selection and cultivation.
The United States corresponds in clinute to the Northern States of the Union, having heavy snows in the winter, thaws, rains, and freshes in the spring, and high heat at intervals during the summer. There the tea plant appears to have been first domesticated, and its leaves used to make the cheerful beverage.now enjoy.
ed by the civilized world. From that district seeds, roots, and young bushes were taken to Japan in the early part of the Christian era. How far they prospered at first is as yet un- known. At any rate, in the seventeenth century Japanese tea culture was a success, and, at- though the leaf is not so highly esteemed as the finer grades imported from China, it is very papular among the masses of the island king- dom. At the present time Japan has a fine tea industry, and exports annually great quantities of the leaf to the United States and other
climate Japan may be compared in the South to Virginia and in the Nonh to the southera portion of Ontario.
1ersian frontier through Mery and the Khanates to Bokhara, Samarkand, and Khukand. It now re ches the borders of Chinese Turkestan, and is the shortest and most convenient route for travellers from Europe to Kashgar and Yarkand. So far it runs entirely through Russian territory.countries. The fact is of value because in Four years ago, while the scramble for rall way concessions in China was at its height, the Russo Chinese,Bank secured a concession for a line from l'eking westward through Shansi
When it was attempted to learn the se es to sian-Fu, the capital of Shansi. This of tea curing in China and Japan, with a view concession provided for the advancing of the to u ilizing them in the United States, the first. necessary money by the bank, to be repaid by investigators were amazed and disappointed at the Chinese provincial authorities in twenty-the numerous operations which were employed five annual instalments, commencing six years after the completion of the line, which was in the meantime to remain in the control of the bank. The line was to stag from a paint on the railway being made from Pekin to Bankow, which is under the control of the Belgians, French, and Russians.
The concession has since remained in
abeyance, but has been taken up again now that the Hankow line is constructed
by the Orientals in the'r work. What at first seemed simplicity itself turned out to be ex- ceedingly complicated. There were rules as to the planting of the seed, the preparation of the soil, the culture of the young plants, the rein. forcement of rain by irrigation, the use of fertilizers and the picking of leaf, while in the _technical process of curing there are no less than twelve distinct operations. Feyond this thre were special rules, based upon the destination of the cured tea, four classes being distingu.shed by the growers, víz.: A, intended for immediate storage and consumption the neighbour hond. C, for a short transportation, and D, for long transportation. The future ofthe American Lea trade is now said to rest in the growth, not of the cheap leaf, which does more harm than
THE Special Board for Oriental Studies at Cambridge University recommend that Chi- nese be introduced imo the Oriental Languages defend themselves from the oppression of the Tripos, and that the regulations necessary be Bere including_two_American citizens for whose countrymen. It is stated that quite a large made and the examination in Chinese be first number of them stand ready to offer most held in 1906. The scheme provides for six The Confucian Anniects. Portions of the works of Mencius. 2. Simple passages from unspecilea General Bragg informs us that he has heard section of 13 miles to Taiyuan-Fu, the consumption in the neighbourhood. B, for
i determined resistance to any encroachments papers as follows:-1, The San Tzu Ching bad the Gallao despatched to the scene. Upon beyond the point from which this western
on what they consider their personal rights
and liberty. ACCORDING to a cable from New York dated June 4, a hurricane of unusual force struck the bay of Valparaiso, Chili, resulting in the loss of ne hundred lives and twenty ships. No in- formation has been so far received as to the class of vessels destroyed but as Valparaiso is one of South America's most important shipping points it is expected that many of the sailing vessels in the coastwise trade have been blown ashore and wrecked by the fury of the storm.
most densely populated parts of the world. The foreigners live well in this part of the world. Many of them make à deal of money, and all spend a great deal. Victoria is a town of clubs. On the whole, he concludes, Hongkong is as live and as up to date a colony as can be found anywhere.
books for translation into English. Passages for translation into Chinese, with questions arising immediately out of these passages. 3. Portions of the Sacred Edict, of the Odes, and of the Spring and Autumn Anoals, with Tso's Commentary, 4. Passages for translation into English from unspecified books. 5. Passages for translation into Chinese, with questions un prosody, Interature, and history. 6. The general history of the Far East.
ments.
the receipt of the news inquiries were made of the U.S. Consul-General in Hongkong, but
nothing of the affair,
THE CRISIS IN KWANGSI.
railway is
EQ Start Work is about to commence with the construcion of the first capital of Shausi. The next section is to Hsian in shansi, and the third to Lanchow, the capi tal of Kansu, where connection with the exist ing Russian Central Asian line, already men-
In spite of the assertions of Governor Wantioned, through the Khanates will be easy, and good to the ast, but of the finer sorts which
Chih-chun of Kwangsi that he has restored
#
Here the rebels,
there will be a second Russian railway across
Asia into North China The great British
range in price to-day from 30 cents to 55 a factory, and school will insure the creation of of that province,, and are not affected by the intelligent and skilful agriculturists and horti new life, which will traverse the northern part
culturists and be a benefit to every farming of Shaosi, where the mineral deposits are said to be as rich as those of the south. There is community, while the industry itself will enable the United States to grow its own tea and thus every reason to anticipate, observes the Man-effect a saving in the imports of the leaf, which now cost it at retail more than $50,000,000 a year.
chester Guardian, that when the line is con-
order in the province, news still constantly mining concessions in Shansi are in the south pound. The combination of the tea garden, arrives from private and independent sources in Kwangsi alleging quite the contrary. It what is stated in the following letter from reliable source, which the N. C. D. News translates, is to be believed, Governor Wang Chih-ch'un's troubles are only just getting stronger, especially in the districts of Yining and Hsingan. unlike other bands, conduct the government of the two cities, collect regular taxes after the style of foreign municipalities, enlist troops, and drill, pay, and arm them after foreign methods. A perfecity regular, peaceful and beneficent government rules the region com- prised within the areas of the two districts and there is not a single official of the Manchu dynasty in them, while the inhabitants ap-
commercial preponderance in Mongolia as the Port Arthur line has given her in Manchuria, and the enterprise, therefore, needs careful watching by those concerned in the politics and trade of China.
A WRITER in the Northern Daily Telegraph | SAYS the Coblenews:-The practice of certain remarks that the central part of the city of members of the American colony along the Victona would do credit to London or New China coast, of maligning Manila and the York. Just beyond the post office is one of the Philippine islands would be amusing to the beginning: The rebels of Kwangsi are daily pleted it will give Russia the same political and
residents of the Islands were it not for the regrettable fact that people not acquainted with the circumstances in the case or the identity of the maligners are prone to believe their state- There is one consolation in this situation. While the parties may be doing the Philippines some injury by their misrepresent ation while absent they could do as more harm by being present. An absent knocker can perhaps be exchanged for a present citizen, without injury to the community. The only lauk we have to find is that many of these knockers, whatever species of humanity that may be, knocks about Hongkong to the detriment of all concerned.
A GERMAN Consular report from Yokohama states that after prolonged negotiations Jap. anese lea-growers and merchants have formed a powerful trust, which will endeavour to in- troduce and push the sales of Japanese tea in foreign countries. Foreign exporting firms in Japan have been invited to join the "combine," but have declined. The Government, which has already spent annually 20,000 yen for some years on the same object, will no doubt assist the tea trust.
I
21
THE transport Thomas which arrived 'Manila on 27th ult. from San Francisco brough: 1,200,000 of the new Philippine pesos, the first to be completed in the mints of the UNDERTAKEN for AMATEURS United States and the first to reach the islands. They were stored in the strong room, carefully packed and under guard throughout the trip They were delivered by the Quartermaster's Department to Treasurer Branagan and until they are ready for circulation a month or so AND bence will be stored in the vaults at the
PROMPT RETURN. Hongkong, 8th July, 1902.
CARMICHAEL
[728d
CLARKE, CONSULTING ENGINEERS AND
SHIPBUILDERS, SURVEYORS AND CONTRACTORS,
REPAIRS PROMPTLY ATTENDED TO.
TELEGRAMS #CARMICHAEL" Hongkong. A. B. C. Code, 4th Edition,
A - Code.
Lieber's Standard Code.
'TELEFONE, 132.
Hongkong, 20th March, 1903.
treasury,
A Cablenews wire of June 3rd reports that the intense heat that has prevailed over Italy for the past few days has completely prostrated the Pope and much alarm is expressed as to his recovery on account of his advanced age. The heat has been the most severe known in years and the aged head of the Roman Catholic Church was unable to stand it Physicians have been hurried in his bedside and everything possible is being done for the stricken man. Bulletins are constantly given
out to anxious watchers.
f
Now that China's tea season is in full swing
and
THE RESERVE FORCES
IN TONKING.
THE PLAGUE.
NINE EUROPEAN CARES.
During the twenty-four hours ended at noon to-day 26 further cases of bubonic pingue, making 1,119 since January 1st, were re ported. Of these were fatal cases, all Writing from Haiphong our correspondent Chinese. The present 'retorn beats yester says:-An interesting experiment is about today's record for the largest number of Hum be made in Tonking, for during the course of pean cases yet reported this year. There were no less then nine cases, five of which the present year the reserves of the native troops will be called out for a short period, were from H.M.S. Ocean, and one "esch This is the first time that an essay of the kind fram 31a, Pokfulam Roar, the filter beds at will have been made, and it will therefore be Richmond Road, 6o, Queen's Road East and the watched with interest by many. Speculation is Stag Hotel. Another European case has been already rife as to how many men will put in an reported to us from a hotel, and is not included appearance when called for. Since the 10th in the return, bat is suspected as that of plague. February, 1885, military service is, to a certain.
SHIPPING AND MAILS. extent, compulsory for the natives, that is to say, each district or village must supply a given number of men, which number is fixed according to the "pro-rata" of the population, which are subsequently drafted
indigene." native infantry regiments or the "milice
into the
pear quite contended with their lot. Strict discipline is enforced amongst the rebels by their officers, who give all their com- mands in English, while the arms ammunition "used are of the most modera, These are constantly arriving, being brought and steamers are hurrying home with early by friends and partisans from neighbouring shipments a few words on its cultivation in the provinces, so that there is now a very large accumulation of the best of arms Far East may provide interesting reading. The
and ammunition for a numeroas, and for Chinese themselves carried the leaf southward
midable army.
in fact the region spoken as the Chinese Empire conquered the eastern half of Asia, and by the twelfth century grew it of above has been apparently chosen as successfully in each of the eighteen provinces the headquarters of the rebellion and the comprising the Empire of China: In the men there are to form the aucleus of a great There is immense enthusiasm beginning of the nineteenth century, thanks army for the conquest of the Empire from the to intelligent and patient cultivation, the Manchus
The Annamese are a peaceful and rather tea plant had a range from Siberia and amongst the rank and file of the so-called rebel Northern Japan in the north to the Island armyin Yining and Hsingan, which countsagreat timorous race of people who detest "soldier- The deal in a movement like this. As soon asing" and many of these, reservists left the of Formosa and Hainan in the south. story, and it is a great romance, of how the everything has been prepared and ready for colours as long as to years ago. The au- British Government and the British planters-active-hostilities, the wand.rins will find the thorities possess little or no means of indenti- extended this range to the southward and made present one ten times more formidable than fying the recalcitrant ones, for the natives here the former Taiping rebellion. With the risings are as alike as pease in a pod, and the French which have so far taken place throughout the officers and "non-coins never stay in any of tea culture a profitable industry in India, Assam, and Ceylon is well known. It is not so generally known that the French have raised province of, Kwangsi, desultory and scattered the native regiments for more than three years the leaf in Indo-China, the Dutch in Java, as they have been, every one already knows at a time, so no aid can be expected from them! Sumatra, and Borneo, and the English in the that the mandarins have invariably been unable On enlistment each. recruit is provided with a to deal, and that they have been again and little book called a “Livret which contains the naine of the village and district in which he Malay Peninsula. The result of this work has been that the leaf is now grown in Asia from. 4gain, defeated and put to flight by these
wandering bands of rebels and disbanded resides, and to which is attached a leaffel "The equator to 45 degrees north latitudė:
soldiery. What: then must happen when in which bears the impression of the soldier's Four, floors freshly painted and tinted and in place of these scattered and badly led and still first finger. It is feared, however, that this will worse organised bands the mandarins find be of small aid in bringing in the reluctant themselves opposed by an army which is just ones, for these people possess few household the contrary of what has gone before?? goods and it is an easy matter for them to THE Bear to drink in the tropics is the Beer
made in the tropics-SAN MIGUEL-
first class condition to rent. Inqulis át:C) E, Now look out for LeMusyon's new store adv. LeMunyon, New Store, 31, Des Voeux Road.
P. O. Box 368.-Adul [355et is a beauty.—Advi
THE Beer to drink in the tropics is the Beer
made in the tropics-SAN MIGUEL
HE Beer to drink in the tropics is the Bees made in the tropics-SAN MIGUEL.
THE Beer to drink in the tropics is the Beer
made in the tropice-SAN MIGUEL
made in the tropic-SAN MIGUEL THE Beer to drink in the tropica is the Hear
MAILS DUE German (Stuttgart) 11th inst. American (Nippon Maru) 13th inst. German (Preussen) 14th inst, French (Ernest Simons) 14th inst., Indian (Suisang) 16th inst, Australian (Taiyuan) 31st inst. American (Siberia) zzend inst, Canadian (Empress of India) 22nd inst.
The A. L. 5. N. Co.'s 5.5, Moravia left Moji for this port to-day,, p.m.
The Ben Line s.s. Benvenue from Antwerp,
The s.s. Kish fram New York left Singapore London, left Singapore 7th inst., for this port. 5th inst, via Manila, and is expected here 18th inat.
The Silk ex C. P. R. Co.'s 9.5, Tartar, which left Hongkong on 6th ult., arrived at New York on oth inst
The Imperial German Mail ss. Stuttgart left Shanghai yesterday, 8th inst., et roam, for Fanchow.
HE Bear to drink in the tropics is the Bear made in the tropica-SAN MIGUEL,