No. 3114
Bänks.
The Hongkong Telegraph.
THE NEW ORIENTAL BANK
CORPORATION, LIMITED,
AUTHORISED CAPITAL
PAID-UP CAPITAL .......................
LONDON:
**** $3,000,000,
**£ $80,000
Head Office................40, Threadneedle Street, West End Office.......as. Cockspur Street.
BRANCHE IN INDIA. CHINA, JAPAN
AND TET COLONIEI.
THE BANK wen Money on DeroIT, Aure and Sells BILLS OF EXCHLANTIR, ISSURY LETTERS or Caxnit, forwarda BIJs for Coix, and Transacts Banking and Agenor Saxineus gezerally, on terms to be had on application.
F. W. RUTTER.
Manager.
[+
THE NATIONAL BANK OF CHINA, LIMITED.
******£1,000,000
Authorized Capital Subscribed Capital.....................................mani£. 500,000
-HEAD-OFFICE ➡HONGKONG.
Court of Directors;
ChowTang Shang, Esq.
Chan Kit Shan, Esq. W. Wotton, Esq.
D. Gillier, Esq.
C. J. Hint, Esg.
Kwan Hel Cauen, Esq. Chlef Manager,
GEO. W. F. PLAYFAIR."
ADVISORY COMMITTER IN
LONDON:
TROMAS CARMICHAEL, Esq.-Mears. Dent,
Palmer & Co.
JOHN BUTTERY, Esq.-Messrs. John Buttery &
Co.
Amusements. §.
GARRISON
UN
THEATRE,
NORTH BARRACKS. ・・
NDER the Patronage of H.E. Major
General G. DIGBY BARKER, C.B., Commanding H. M. Troops in Chins.
THE "MILITARY Mummers *
WILL GIVE
TWO PERFORMANCES
of Tom Taylor's Sensational Drama "THE TICKET OF LEAVE MAN," TO-MORROW, the 7th April, 1891,
(GRAND STAFF NIGHT!) and SATURDAY, the 9th April, 1892.
Doors open at 8.30,
1
Commence at 9 p.m. precisely.
***PRICE OF ADMISSION :——- Reserved Statu..............................................................$1,00 First Seats....................................... 050. Second Seats............. .30. Tickets may be obtained at all Officers' and -Sergeants"-Mésies, from Sergt»Major-Meredită,- and all Colour and Company Sergta-Major, or at the door on the nights of the performances.
GOD SAVE THE QUEEN !
· Honphong, 5th Apill, 1892.
(375
Masonic
DILIGENTIA
LODGE
OF INSTRUCTION.
C.B. STUART-WORTZEY, Esq., M.P., for Hallam. A MEETING of the above LODGE will
GEO. MINRO, Manager.
Bankers -
London: The Alliance Bank (Ld.). Scotland: The Commercial Bank of Scotland.
SHANGHAI
ADVISORY COMMITTEE.
Hin Ex. Hi Fi Yuen. Lim Kwan King, Esq. Ma Kle Tchong, Esq. Chu Ming Slang, Esq;:
Tong Kwel Sung, Esq.
C. J. GALLOWAY, Manager, Amy-J. ANDERSON, Manager, Yokohama D. Frajer, Manager, “URRENT ACCOUNTS opened. Money received on Deposit. Drafts fessed. Blita purchased and collected. Advances made on Socuriles or goods in nentral Godawas. Usual Bank Agency business undertakan.
Interest for 12 months Fixed, 5 per Cent,
Current AccolinTS
#
6
་་
# 4
3
"
ค
For Rates of Interest for other periods apply to the Manager.
Hongkong,-17th Echmary, 1892.
Insurances.
THE ST ANDARD.
SCOTTISH LIFE OFFICE OF 64 YEARS STANDING, AND ONE OF THE WEALTHIRST AND MOST FROGRESSIVE OF THE PROVI-"
DENT. INSTITUTIONS OF THE UNITED
KINGDOM.
HE Standard has a long record of good THE
services to refer to its Funds, annually increasing, amount to £7,000,000 kg.; the Premiums are moderate; and all modern features `consistent with safety have been adopted.
DODWELL, CARLILL & Co,!..
Agents, Hongkong 932-63
THE SUN LIFE ASSURANCE COMPANY
OF CANADA.
ASSETS OVER $1,000,000.00.
Folletes absolutely non-forfeltable.
No restrictions as to Residence or Travelling.
Rates of premis law.
Policies issued on all approved Forms.
For farther particulars apply to
DOUGLAS LAPRAIK & ÇO,,
Agents for Hongkong.
a3rd February, 1891.
NOTICE
be held in FREEMASONS HALL, Zetland Street, TO-MORROW, the 7th inst., at 5 for 5.30 p.m. precisely. Visiting Brethren are cordially invited.
Hongkong, ist April, 1802.
VICTORIA
A
WEDNESDAY, APRIL 6, 1892.
Intimations.
KELLY & WALSH, LD.
HAVE JUST LANDED IN SPENDID CONDITION:— CIGARETTES.
TOBACCOS.
"THREE CASTLE CIGARETTES in WILLS' "THREE CASTLE "
patent air-tight tins of sa SWEET CAPORAL CIGARETTES.
KINNEY'S
TOBACCO.......
b. tias CAPSTAN NAVY CUT TOBACCO I. »
WILLS' BRISTOL BIRD'S EYE .....1.
PIONEER BRAND
34
And our own special
COPE'S GOLDEN CLOUD.. RICHMOND MIXTURE .........mmin
well-known branda,
12
HAPPY THOUGHT ...... STAR MIXTURE
DOLLAR BRAND.
*-*-**-...GOLDEN EAGLE.
STRAIGHT CUT CIGARETTES. WILLS "FIRE FLY" CIGARETTES.
Intimations.
NOTICE.
SIX DOLLARS
PER QUARTER
Auctions.
PUBLIC AUCTION,
received,
HONGKONG GENERAL CHAMBER OF Mntractions from the Mortgagees to Sell
COMMERCE.
· POSTPONEMENT OF GENERAL MEETING.
THE ANNUAL of the HONGKONG ANNUAL GENERAL MEETING MË GENERAL CHAMBER OF COMMERCE
will be held at the Pnoms of the Chamber CITY HALL at 1.30 PM. FRIDAY. the 9th April, In place of Friday, the 25th March, as previously Advertised.
F. HENDERSON, Secretary.
Hosokone 23rd March, 1862
HONGKONG RIFLE ASSOCIATION.
༈༈་་།
EMBERS are notified that the RANGE
MEME in use on the Afternoons of the 7th and 8th Inst. hy the Committee of the Army
and Navy Rif» Meeting."
All our TOBACCOS and CIGARETTES are guaranteed absolutely fresh and will be Tuesday Afternoons all the Easter Meeling exchanged if found otherwise.
KELLY & WALSH, LIMITED,
„QUEEN'S ROAD CENTRAL, HONGKONG,
Hongkong, 18th March, 1892.
16
W. POWELL & CO.
A LARGE STOCK OF NEW LAMPS, Containing all the latest improvements.
TABLE LAMPS, WALL LAMPS, HANGING LAMPS;
HALL LAMPS,
&C.
́SHIPS' LAMPS,
800.
LAMP FITTINGS and LAMP SUNDRIES.
W. POWELL & CO.
1384
Kempkone, and April 2
LODGE
HONGKONG, No. 1026.
N EMERGENCY MEETING of the above
LODGE will be held in the FREEMASONS HALL, Zetland Street, on FRIDAY, the Eth instant, at 4.30 for 5 p.m. trecisely. Visiting Brethren are cordially invited.
Wamekong '4th April, pRaz,
Motices of firms.
under 1-
NOTICE.
THE
fs
HONGKONG HOTEL.
TELEGRAPHIC ADDRESS, Kremlin "-A, B, C. Code.-TELEPHONE, No. 32
Pa93
PROPRIETORS.
THE HONGKONG HOTEL COMPANY, LIMITED,
HE HONGKONG HOTEL-the most commodiom and best appointed Hotel in the Far East, THE
affords unequalled accommodation to travellers and others. It is situated in the centre of the town, opposite the Geners! Post Office and the Hongkong Cb, adjacent to Pedder's Wharf THE style of the Firm of POATE & NOBLE, (the principal landing stage of the Colony) and in close proximity to the Banks and Shipping
DENTAL SURGEONS, has been changed to Officer,
The HOTEL STFAM LAUNCH conveys passengers and baggage to and from all Mail Steamers “Dr. J. W. NOBLE,” and will be represented as THE TABLE D'HOTE, at separate tables, is supplied with every delicacy, the cuisine being
under experienced supervision. JOSEPH W. NOBLE · Hongkong THE BEDROOMS, with adjaining Bathrooms, are lofty, and well ventilated, open on to HERBERT D. REQUA ↑
spacious Verandahs, are lighted by gas and fitted throughout with electric communicators. -CHA”-L-SNYDER~~~~+; Singapore.The-Reading, Writing-and-Smoking Rooms, Ladies Drawing Rooms the new, Bar and public
35, Brook Street, BILLIARD ROOMS (Six English and American Tables) are fitted with every convenience. HERBERT POATE Grosvenor Square, A handsomely appointed GRILL ROOM, where chops, steaks, Sc., are served at any hour
London, W.
adjoins the HOTEL, and is under the same Management. The WINES & SPIRITS are elected by an Expert and the BEST BRANDS only are supplied. #énisýnne, 17th February, 1802.
HYDRAULIC ASCENDING-ROOMS of the latest and most approyed type convey passengers
and baggage from the Entrance Hall to each of the five floors above. NOTICE,
NIGHT PORTERS and, WATCHMEN are continually on duty,
and
F250
HAVE TIL Day secured the SAMSHU
MONOPOLY at Macao, which will take
effect from the tit May next. The style of the Farm will be TUCK HING KUNG-SI."
CHAN YEW SHAN.
· Hongkong, and April, 1893.
NOTICE.
1392
EDMUND THOMAS BOND" was
Hongkong, 12th February, 1892.
R. TUCKER, Manager.
[198
LANE, CRAWFORD & CO.
Madmitted a Partner is esr Firm on the HOUSE LAMPS, STREET LAMPS,
zut January, 1892.
Canton, Fith March, 189n.
DEACON & CO.
To be Let.
FOR SUB-RENT,
FOR SIX MONTHS OR LETE,
FROM ABOUT THE BEGINNING OF MAY.
[309
FURNISHED HOUSE in QUEEN'S
[84 A GARDENE:Terms, payment for the Rent
THE MAN ON INSURANCE COMPANY
LIMITED..
CAPITAL. SUBSCRIBED..................$8,000,000 |
The above Company is prepared to accept MARINE RISKN at ĈUzRINT RATES on GOODS. Mc. Policies granted to all Parts of the world payablo at any of its Agencies. "
WOO LIN YUEN, Societary HEAD OFFICE, No. 2, Ag's Road Weer,
Hongkong, 1st February, 1852.
GENERAL NOTICE.
of the House Unfurnished...
For Particular, address.
Captain HUNT,'
Medical Sta
[394
Hourlong, 4th April. 1802.
TO LET. ➡IRST FLOOR, No. 64, QueeN'S ROAD
CENTRAL, suitable for OFFICES, Apply to
Mesars, G. FALCONER & CO¡
WEBLAI HING & Co., No. 153, Queen's Road Central.
[347 Hongker g, and March, 1802.
TO LETA
THE ON TAI INSURANCE COMPANY NO. 16, HOLLYWOOD ROAD,
(LIMITED.)
CAPITAL, TAELS
600,000, 1 $885,335.35 EQUAL TO ...........................¶sar"} RESERVE FUND ... $318,000.00.
BOARD OF DIRECTORE,
›LO YRUK MOOK; Esq.
LOT TO SAUN, E14.
LEE SING, Esq.
M
world.
MANAGER-HO AMEL,"
RISKS.on GOODS, &ng taken.
TUSCULUM,MAGAZINE GAP.
Net, & 10, SEYMOUR TERRACE, No. 3. PEDDER'S HILL."
Apply to
· DAVID BASSOON, BONG & Co. Hourlong, 4th April, 1892""
[32
THE KOWLOON LAND AND BUILDING COMPANY, LIMITED.
TO LET, VIS
-At Current Raxur to all parts, of the::wer Of702-12>&· 14÷KNUTSFORD TER
ING RACE, KOWLOON...
THE HONGKONG LAND' INVE
& AGENCY CO, Li. !!!! Hadikong, atet March, 1Bos
·HEAD OFFICE, 8` 2 9. FRAYA WE Hongkong, 17th December, 1885.
CHS. J. GAUPP & CO., HRONOMETER, WATCH MM CLOCK- CHRONOMETER WATERSO SILVE
SMITHS, and OPTICIANS AN
CHARTS and BOOKS. NAUTICAL INSTRUMENTS, Sale Agents for Louis Aldentas Vilinde awarded the highest Prizes it wrary:Ellilácj theshes and for Volglikndër dhði SálmsBang
CELEBRATEDKOPERA GLASHES, MARINE GLASSES 27and "KPYGKABERE, Ha & Quota's Roud, Contest,
TO LET
"FROM IST'APRIL. 'STILLINGFLETE JA
DIVE ROOMED detached HOUSE on Peak
Må Rond sour the Albany,
THE HONGKONG LAND INVESTMENT E AGENCY CỔ, L5,
Burghong, 5th March, abyś......
FOR SALE.
VERANDAH LAMPS, SHIPS' LAMPS,
CHANDES IERS. 3. 4 or 5-Light,
are reserved, from 3 pm for Practice at 800 and coo vands,
by Public Auction,
ON TUESDAY,
the 19th April, 1892, at the Premises,
nts o'clock ne
THE FOLLOWING
VALUABLE LEASHOLD PROPERTIES. Comprising-Nos. 11 and 13, Upper Lascar
Row and Nos, 14 and 16, Lower Lascar Row, Victoria. In the Colony of Hongkong and slented on Inland Lot No. 248, as the same premises are now held for the residue of a term of 999 years from the 10th June, 1841. granted therein, subject to the payment of the Crown Rent payable In respect thereof and the performance of the Crowni covenants to be performed in respect thereof and subject alen to the extating lettings and tenancies thereof.
separate Lots comprising two Houses each at The property will be sold in one Lat or the option of the Vendors. tions of sale, apply to
For sale plan further particulara and condi-
WOTTON & DEACON, Solicitors for the Vendors,
or to J. M. ARMSTRONG,
Auctioneer,
Hongkong, 16th March, 1802.
140
COMPETITION for Mr. Sassoon' CUP and SPOONS on SATURDAY, the ath instant. -Range-200-and-300-yards Time-3.p.#
ED. ROBINSON,
Hon. Secretary. Homebase 6th April 1802. –
AMATEUR BOXING COMPETITION.
BOXING COMPETITION for. AMATRURS will ke plaer, ein SATURDAY, 11/ April 1892, when TWO SPLENDID SILVER CUPS he given for Li-hi-weights, not exceeding to stone, and Henry or Catch-weights respectively.
A
365
IN THE COLONIAL · COURT OF ADMIRALTY OF HONGKONG.
Suit No. 3. of 189%.
THE HONGKONG AND WHAMPOA DOCK COMPANY, LIMITED,
Plaintifa,
·These competitions, will be open to Soldiers; [ Sallon, and Civilians of all Nationalities,
QUEENSDIRAY ́roles will be strictly adhered | Against
to.
The S. S. 4TORRINGTON." THE Undersigned will (pursuant to a com
mission for sale issued herein) Sell by Public Auction,
Intending competitors will oblige by sending THE in their entries as early as possible, addressed to " CORINTHIAN,” care of the Hongkong Telem | graph Office, enclosing fee of $1.00, which will be returned if entry is not accente),
Time and place of competition will be duly annnounced, and Caps will be on exhibition. shortiv.
Wamplerno, 4th April 18^1
M
MISS STOLZ.
1296
ON
MONDAY,
the and day of May, 1891, at 11 o'clock, Noon, on board the vessel (unless previously sold by private treaty) The Iron Screw Steamship
TORRINGTON,"
gross tonnage 2008. net register tonnage 1.561,
ANICURE, CHIROPODIST as she now lles fast in Hongkong harbour,
AND MASSAGE.
No B, COLLEGE CHAMBERS,
Wendham Street.
Hongkong, 6th Fehrany 1892.
·and without Cargo, Cosi, and Stores.
The vessel was hullt by Messrs. RAYLTON & DIXON, at Middlesborough, to 1875, and classed 100 At at Lloyds.
Length 206 feet 4 inches, breadth 36 feet 1 inch, depth 15 feet 6 inches. Is fitted with one cor engine of 220 h.p. nominal, Roo b.p. effc
punk by Mesir, RICHARDSON & SONS In 1.74, diameter of cylinder hip. 38 bp. 73': Stroke of piston
Two cylindrical tubular iron holler ballt by RICHARDSON of Hunrpool in 1875. Work. lng pressure 65. Retubed in 1891.
The engines and bollers were put in thorough repair and passed survey la "Hongkong February, 1892.
THE AUSTIN ARMS HOTEL AND BUILDING COMPANY, LIMITED.- TOTICE is hereby given, that an EXTRA
ORDINARY GENERAL MEETING of the SHAREHOLDERS of the shove Company will be held at its Registered Office, 12 & 40. Queen's Road Central, at Noon, on TUESDAY, the rgth day of April, instant, for the curpose of confirming the following Special Resolution passed at an Extraordinary General Meeting of the Company held at its Registered Office on Saturday, the and Instant, viz- "That the Capital of the Company be reduced from $700 000, divided into 4.02% Shares of to each, to $100,000 divided into 4,000 Shares of $25 each,"
Donkey boller and winches new 1886. Sha JOHN A. JUPP, Is Bited with steam stearing gear, and has
Secretary.
slectric wires throughout, also, condenser for (388❘ fresh water,
Hongkong, 2nd April, 1892.
NOTICE.
THE PUNJOM AND SUNGHIE DUA SAMANTAN MINING COMPANY, (LIMITED).
THE
HE Sixth Ordinary HALF-YEARLY MEKTING of SHAREHOLDERS in the above Company, will be held at the Company' Office, Connaught House, on FRIDAY, the 22nd April, at Noon, for the purpose of receiving the Report of the Directors, together with 1 State
Single and Double BRACKET LAMPS,
TABLE LAMPS, READING LAMPS, BEDROOM & NURSERY LAMPS, ment of Account to goth September, Bor.
WINDPROOF LAMPS, SAFETY LAMPS,
SHIP'S SALOON, CABIN, ENGINE ROOM and BULKHEAD LAMPS,
SPECIAL CARGO LAMPS,
CHAIR LAMPS, CARRIAGE and JINRICKSHA LAMPS, HAND LAMPS und LANTERNS, GLOBES, CHIMNEYS, WICKS, SPARE BURNERS, FOUNTS, &c.
Hongkong, 27th February, 18os
NE.CRAW
(29
CARMICHAEL & CO., LD.
WINE AND SPIRIT MERCHANTS~~TOBACCO AND CIGAR importers, AERATED WATER MANUFACTURERS.
·SHIP CHANDLERS AND GENERAL STOREKEEPERS. *ENTLEMENS' OUTFITTING, select but laexpensivo variety,
GENTIERTING GUNS, RIFLES, REVOLVERS and AMMUNITION. PORPOISE-MIDE DARK, TAN RUSSIA-LEATHER & ENGLISH CALF BOOTS & SHOES, SCIENTIFIC BOOKS, NAUTICAL, ELECTRICAL and ENGINEERING, SCIENTIFIC INSTRUMENTS, HAND TOOLS and DRAWING INSTRUMENTS.
CARMICHAEL & CO, LTD, 1.18, Praya Central, Hongkong.
Hongkong, 14th January, 18ến,
The TRANSFER BOOKS will bò CLOSED
She has a collision bulkhead, and 5 water- tight compartments.
Total deadweight capacity, bikers excluded, 18y Rice or Coal 2,5′′0 tons.
Accommodation for 40 First Clas) and 39 Second Class passengers.
F. A. HAZELAND,
Marakal Colonial Court of Admiralty of Hongkong. 1st April, 1893,
395
Shipping:
DOUGLAS STEAM-SHIP COMPANY, LIMITED.
FOR SWATOW, AMOY. AND TAMSUL THE Company's Steamably
"FORMOSA,"
from the 8th to the sand Instant, both days || Căptala Hall, will be despatched for the aboyn inclusive.
Ports, TO-MORROW, the 7th inst., at Daylight,
For Freight or Passage, apply to
DOUGLAS LAPRAIK & Co,
General Managers. Hongkong. 4th April. 1892
F491
A. O'D. GOURDIN,
Secretary,
[308
Hongkong, 5th April, 18oz. THE HONGKONG BRICK AND CEMENT COMPANY, LIMITED.
NOTICE
THE SCRIP CERTIFICATE NO. 137 cited The cleventh day of February, the Ten Shares inthe above Company and Numbered 2236 to 2243, standing fo the Register In the name of ALFRED EDWIN SKEELS, having been LOST. Notice is hereby given that a naj SCRIP CERTIFICATEN for the said Ten Shares will be lassed fourteen days, hence, and that the original Scrip Certificate, unless produced within that period, will thereafter be held by the Company as null and vold.
W. H. WALKER,
Secretary.
Hongkong, ngth March, 1893.
"MOGUL " <LINE OF STEAMERS. FOR SHANGHAI, KOBE & YOKOHAMA, THE Steamship
"LENNOX"
Captain..... wil be despatched as above as or about FRIDAY, the 8th Instant.
· For Freight or Passage, apply to ́
DODWELL, CARLILL & Co Agenta. Hongkong, and April, 1892.
"SHIRE LINE OF STEAMERS.. FOR SINGAPORE, HAVRE, LONDON,
· HAMBURG AND. ANTWERP.
THE Steamably
CARMARTHENSHIRE,”
THE MIKE COAL MINING COMPANY. Captain Clark will be despatched as above on or about TUESDAY, the 12th last., Instead of as previously advestlied.
HE MIIKE a
BITUMINOUS COAL
ROBERT LANG & CO. TINE COAL OU
DRESS SUITS.
NEWEST MATERIALS, FROM 630, SILK LINED.
A VERY LARGE SELECTION OF SCOTCH TWEEDS AND OTHER SUITINGS EVENING DRESS SHIRTS, Intest style,
EVENING DRESS TIES and GLOVES.
EVENING DRESS | HOSE, SILK, THREAD and MERINO,
EVENING DRESS SHOES and PUMPS. Hongkong, ayth November, 1801
CRUICKSHANK & CO., LD.,
*FAMILY AND DISPENSING CHEMISTS,
Commission Agents.--
WH
WHAT WILL YOU TAKE, DO
As an excellent Table Water?
3 For General Debility P
For Dyspepsia Pada A
***For Gout?
For a Nerve Tonic'?
Tor Bilicusness aber
Kendram Excesses in Eating or Drinking |
SEMANA With Gla
For Rheumatism 7' Dre **Táletradanda Natural Mineral Water, Bottled at Takuradsaka near Kobe, Japanes
"Highly recommended by the Medical Faculty: throughout; the East, Kestenos
SOME CRUICKSHANK & CH, Xôy Agents sean'on application.
Hongkong, sith Fahrmary, 1899, ||
of dark reddlah colour. For steam, purposes It has been pronounced to be the best and the most economical of all the Japanese Coals. Its export is increasing yearly, and the oplaton by several of the largest seul consumers are in testimony of the excellent quailties of this coal
Attention is called to the following advantages
For Freight or Passage, apply to
DODWELL CARLILL & C»,
Agents, Hongkong, 4th April, 1851.
FOR
"SHIRE" LINE OF STEAMERS.
Fays
NAGASAKI KOBE AND YOKOHAMA,
VIA INLAND SEA. "HE Steamship
{"BRECONSHIRE,”
to Shipe Owners and Captains, who coal their || Captain Jackson, will be despatched as above
bunkers direct from the Undersigned s--
FRESHNESS of the coal.
UNIFORMITY of quality,"
*FREEDOM from impurities, -
Supply in any quantify on shortest notice, „Quick despatchi
? BEST of weight, etc, etc,” KABRINA MITSUI BUSSAN 'KAISHIA,
Bola Agenta. Mongkong, 4th April, 1891.0
HONGKONG TIMBER
YARD, WANCHAI, REGON FINE SPARR and LUMBER 8: Always on Hand
#4th June 1881
MALLORY
on of about TUESDAY, the rath instant, į
For Freight or Passage, apply to i
* DODWELL, CARLILL & Con
Agents, 4th Apell, 1803...
[397
"MOGUL" LINE OF STEAMERS,
Hongkong, 4th
·FOR NEW YORK, VIA SUEZ CANAL.
THE Steamship,
THE
Baku” TARTAR "
Balley, Commander, will be despatched for the above Parton or about TUESDAY, the 12th inity instead of as previously advertised: Pha For Freight or Passage, apply toward den DODWELL, CARELL & Co,
Hongkong, Tot Apsi, 1