手十八國民蒂中
●育教 日六十月九年未辛
郭目憍
藐
1.(a)(i) The values for (1), (H), (IFI),(IV), (V) and (VI) are 10, 19, 7, 4, 0 and -2 respectively,
(b)(1)
1992 中學會考預習專欄
明德出版社
(ii) The Law of Diminishing : Marginal Utility: 15 illustrated by the above schedules.
MILL & DALE PRESS
Economics (3)
Alain Li
Answers to Multiple Choice Questions:
3.C 4. C. 5. C
8. C 9.D
週
1. C
6. C
7. D
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「「古典」、「現代』也
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Answers to Essay Questions:
10.C
History(3).
1992 中国考辧替掌憫,
3. Lui
MUELS & DALE, PRESS
The Congress of Vienna (11)
Candiates should examine carefully the significance of the 1815 before they study the significance of Congress.
of Vienna. 1815:
1.end of Napoleonic conquest in
Europe
2.triumph of the old, conservative forces. over the new political and economic forces. 3.restoration of old order. 4.jointed alliance of the Great Powers was temporay because their interests were in conflict.
5.they reshaped Europe so as to contain future.. possible aggression of Franice:
new. territorial designs 6.idea of collective security was.
recognized 7.The.interests
of ·the smaller states were overlooked because. their power was not yet. consolidated, thus not to be :recognized.
What were the guiding principles of the Congress of Vienna?
1
A: The principle of Balance of Power
∴ and Compensation.
B. The principle of Legitimacy and
testoration..
The Application of the Principle of Balance of Power and Compensation.
-The term Principle of Balance of Power meant that no one single country could be powerful enough to dominate or conquer the other countries in Europe.. To maintain the balance of power meant that any possible aggressive. gestures stew be checked beforehand Since Espondeands Conquered dangerpart or
the first thing that "the"
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(iii) The, Law States that the marginal utility decreases when more units of a good or a service are consumed.
(iv) If the chocolate bars are free of charge, Sandy should take 5 bars.
(v)
If the chocolate bars are sold at $4 each and one util is worth $1 to Sandy, Sandy should buy 4 bars.
statesmen of the great power's had to do was
design some territorial settlements which aimed at preventing France from making future aggression. They thought that setting up a ring of buffer states along the eastern frontier of France could check future aggression of France.
As a result:
(a)Belgium joined with Holland and
Luxembourg. to form the Kingdom of United Netherlands.
{b}The power of German States which strengthened b. forming the Confederation of German States which consisted of only 39 independent states. To strengthen the power of the Confederation, Bavaria and Baden joined with it. Thus, the Confederation could serve bulwark against future French aggression.
asa
(c)The neutrality of Switzerland was also guaranteed by the great powers . (d)Along the southern border of France. the kingdam of Piedmont-Sardinia was strengthened. Besides, she was given Nice, Savoy and Genoa. A
As a result, France was contained by a number of newly-formed and newlys
strengthened buffer states. The
north-east frcitter, she was checked by the Kingdom of the Netherlands. Along her
frontier she faced a eastern strengthened German Confederation and a neutral Switzerland in her south-east frontier, the strengthened Piedmont- Sardinia served as a butark against her aggression. Thus by creating a number of buffer states along the boundarits ofo France, the security of. Europe and balance of power could be maintained
as
On the other hand, the victorious.
were given power's
territories rewards for defeating Napoleon. Under this principle [(a)Prussia was given the Rhineland and
part of Saxony. (b)Austria seized-Lombardy and Venetia Land was made the president of the
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German Confederation. (c)Britain controlled Malta, Mauritius
in the Indian Ocean, etc.. (d)The Russian Tsar controlled Finland and seized part of: Poland and Bessarabia..
(e)Last but not least, France had to pay an indemnity to the victorious powers.
B. Maintaining a balance also meant that no power would be strong, enough to
·threaten peace in Europe. Thus, to maintain the balance of power:
(a)No power was Jeft: militarily
supreme.
(b)France was no severely penalised..
instead she was accepted as a great power so as to check the expansion. of the Russian influence. (c)Both Austria and: Prussia ·were included: in the New German Confederation SO that neither of them, could dominate it. (d)The Austrian kings and the Spanish princes were given territories so as to counter the influence of the restored Bourbon kings in Frances (e)Periodic meetings were planned
sattle any disputes which tighte endanger the balance of power- **Europe.
The Application of the Principle of Legitimacy Restoration
Partiy, because the: Congress, was dominated by the conservative forces of Austria, Prussia and Russia, and partly because the victorious powers held the view that order,'in Europe could be
the restored by restoring
deposed 'rulers. Thus, they restored Tegitimate: monarchs. ฝาง had been denounced by Napoleon.
As a result:
三期星日三廿月十(一九九一)年十八國民華中(24 )
in Austria.
{c}The King of the House of grange.was
restored in Holland.
(d)Some German princes were restored. (e)The Pope was restored. in the Papat
states in Italy.
{f}The King of the House of Savoy was
restored in Italy.
(g)The Bourbon King was restored in
Spain.
Result: The new order in Europe was dominated by the、old ruling class.
What were the achievements of the Congress of Vienna?..
It has been argued that Europe. experienced a comparatively long duration of peace after the Congress of Vienna. The " honeymoon of the great powers lasted until the Crimean War of 1855 which means that Europe ̇experienced .40 years of peace. Besides, a total war, the First World War, which involved the great powers broke out only after 99. years of: Congress: Judging from this perspective, it has been generally agreed that the Vienna Settlement has achieved its basic aim of maintaining peace in Europe,
The other achievements of the Vienna Settlement were: (a)France was not humilfated, so she
did not fell "resentful to Settlement and had no reason to shatter it.
f
the
(b)Because of the" careful political and
territotial designs, no power was: left. supreme nor sgold any power could. threaten td destroy the peace
Europe. For instance, both. Prussian and Russian ambitions were. checked.
the
in
(a)Louis XIII of the House of Bourbon
was restored in France.
(b】The House of Habsburg was restored
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(c)The idea of forming a number of - buffer states to serve as a bulwark
against future French
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(ii) When drawing such a curve, the
be made:
following 2. assumptions: should.
(1) a given amount
resources;
of
(2) a constant level of
technology.
(iii) The opportunity
cost of
producing 60 more dozens of. eggs is 40 11tres of milk.
(iv) if the farm produces 30 dozens of eggs and 110 litres of milk, 20 man-hours are wasted each day.
{v}
{d}The
If the farm wants to produce 30 dozens of eggs and 220 litres of milk per day, 10 more. man-hours are needed each day.
success in opening p the European rivers for peaceful use and the abolition of the slave trade must not be overlooked. (e)Disputes could be settled by the concert of Europe and the powers needed not resort to wars.
Although the great powers had achieved their .primary. concern of maintaining peace in Europe, they had neglected the interests of the smaller states and the subject pepple.
What were the demerits of settlement?
the
(a) The force of nationalism
ignored. For instance, Germany and Italy were still divided. Belgium was forced to join a new alien Kingdom. Also, the great powers sliced up territories and exchanged l'ands without considering the. nationalistic feelings of the people. (b)The force
disregarded..
liberalism was The aristocratic statesmen. of the old order restored the absolute monarchy, and thus they neglected the rights and freedom of the people.
(c)New territoria} designs generated new religious tensions. For
Catholic instance,
Belgium
พร forced to unite with Protestant: Holland.
(d)Since the settlements neglected the rights of the ordinary people many liberals and patriots -provoked revolts in the 1820's, 1830. and 1848.
The other
unintended consequence of the Settlement was: New:political forces were emerging in. the divided - Italy and Germany. Thus, Piedmont took the lead in Italian unification and: Prussia was able to in. the years to come to lead the" Berman unification.
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