( 25 )育教日八廿月二年未辛暦夏
1991. 中學會考預習專欄
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3.4 Some common plastics and their uses
Polymer
L.D.. Polyethene (PE) (Branched chain) H.D. Polythene (PE) (Straight chain)
|Palystyrine(PS)
Exbarted PS foam
Polyvinylchloride
Hakelite.
¡Urea-metharal
Properties
Transparent,
Lighter than water:
Hard, crystal clear:
Chemistry (28)
·R. Chu
Some Common Uses
(Plastic sheets, bags; cups.
bottles, etc.
| Buckets, bowls.plastic hosepipes
etc.
郭日僑華
Question 16-I.
五期星 日二十月四 ( 一九九一)年十八國民華中
產地外海 會英
(k) When heated with soda lime, one of the above.polymers gives off-an alkaline gas...
(e) 1.
B and C for B and D).
1. What is the gas?
It
Polymerization is a process of linking together many smal. molecules to make giant molecules called polymers.
can occur by means of addition: condensation reactions.
(a) What are usually called the small molecules from which a polymer. is - Rade?
Tessential: differences (b) State TWO
between- addition polymerization and condensation:polymerization.
Given below are the structural formulae of FIVE simple organic compounds. denoted with letters A, B, C, D and E.
A: CHgC - CHOCHg'
B
Sample bottles, light fixtures, etc.
D: HO(CH2) OH
white coloured, rigid, heat insular.
Packing materials, disposable gupsetc.
LTransparent, stiff, (Pipes, gramophone records, floor
brittle.
tiles, wall papers, table cloths. Vinyl rairicoat.
Glass-like, hand: Marid.tough.
White and smooth. hard and strogg.
Dark-brown, opaque, hard and brittle.
Transparent, colourless,
Contact lenses, aircraft windows, as glass substitute; sign board, etc.
Ropes, fishing, lines; stockings, tooth-brush.britties, gears. bearings, etc.
Electrical fittings, switches.. hardles of cooking. pans, etcin
Electric plugs, switches, etc.
°E: CHgÖCHg
(c) Give the..
comprund(s) which would (polymeriza.
letters
:
the hot
(d) i Give the letter(s) of the
compound(s)
polymerize
reaction.
which
could addition
Explain your choice briefly." Write an equation to show how "the polymer is formed.
·feYi.. Giveno man
letters of. TWO compounds. which would react: to form a condensation polymer. ii. What special structural feature makes these compounds undergo such a reaction.
iii. Whiteban equation of
reaction.
the
Listed below are some common polymers. nylon, rubber;
「Polyesters:
fe.g. Dacron
Transparent, hard and strong.
Textile fibres.
Cellulose plastics.
hard and tough.
Spectacle frames, ruler, set- squares etc.
bakelite,
rayon, cotton/
(b) Thermosetting plastics
usually shaped by compression moulding. e.g. ash trays.
aré
F). Which orie
polymer?
a natural addition
推京招生出診 786127L 脚底按摩坐理衰泿針灸 针灸推拿電療美容減肥
物理治療 年
(Thermoforming),
eggs, and chocolate etc.
rods,
(g) Which one is a synthetic addition
polymer remem
wol see syntheti
made from natukal polymer
is. meant
thermosetting polymer*?
-it. Which one. of the listed
polymers' is of this type?
(h) Whichwwgft
(i) i. What
(j): Which orme in the above list han.be
re-cycled? Explain briefly.
【塑膠
7183591 3617538
3.5 Shaping Plastics.
(a) Thermoplastics can be shaped by:
the following methods.
(1) Injection moulding, e.g. bowls, cups, toys, etc. (2):B}ow moulding e.g. botties,
hollow toys, etc.
noulding.
e.g. cases, trays for sugar,
(3)-Vacuum
(4) Extrusion-e.g.
pipes, tihes, sheuts, etc.
(5) Calendering (Laininating)
e:g.plastic films.
4. Pollution
4.1 Plastics are non-biodegradable
hence cause ·disposal problems
4.2 Burning of plastics
tox gases which the dotted air. c.g. burning of PYF G of HC and
4.3 The problem will not be serious if
la tiesure re-cycled.
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if. Which polymer is it?
Question 16-2
Part of a polymer Orion is shown below.
CH♭ - CH - CH2 - CH - CH - CH
CN
(a) Draw
ACN diagram "to show the structure of its repeating unit. (b) Draw the structural formula of thie.
monomer from which Orlon is made. (c) Is Orion an addition polymer or
condensation polymer? Polyethene is a thermoplastic polymer. (d) What
is meant by thermoplastic? (e) What is the monomer.. from which
polyethene is made?
(f) State a source of this monomer in.
:ifidustry.
Name the process by which it is usually obtained from this source. (g):Polyetheme predicts can be recycled s. in tndustry. Suggest one way of
doing this.
Nylon 6.6 is-a condensation polymer. (h) Give the structural formulae of the monomers of which nylon 6.6 is made
Solution to 0.16-1
(a) They are monomers... (b) Iwo differences are:
(1) mall, molecules such as 0, HC
or Hg etc.
-are usually eliminated during condensation polymerization,
(c) E
(d) 1.
(2) Addition polymerization usually
involves one kind of monomers but condensation polymerization involves at least two different monomers.
because its molecules a carbon-carbon double
each.
COOCH
ii. Their molecules contain
functional groups. each.
0
111 C1-C(CH.
O H
-fCICH
OR
(f) Rubber. (g) Perspex. (h).Rayon.
.0
0
-4C(CHz) 4C-D(CH2)
(i). A thermosetting polymer
two
is one.
which can be heated once and does riot meit on further heating. Bakelite is a thermosetting polymera (j) Perspex; because thermoplastic.
(k) Ammonia.gas..
ii. Nylon
Solution to:Q-16-2
(a) The repeating unit is.
it
(6) The monomer is CH2 CHEN.
(c) It is an addition polymer.
(d) A thermoplastic is one which can be
melted on heating. It does not
have cross-linkage.
(e) The monomer is ethena.
(f) Petroleum industry.
Ethene is obtained from the thermal cracking of the large contained in petroleum.
alkanes
(g) Heat the polyethene products.fo"
melt and remould it.
are
(h) The monomers of nylon 6,6
hexa-1. 6-diamine and hexane-1, 6-dioic acid,
hexane-1, 6-dioylchoride
hexa-1, 6-diamine:
HOOC(CH) (CÁCH
chexane-1,6-dioic acid
hexane-1,6-dioyl dichloride.
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