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· 港九文化、棲育·新開及影則李,
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礼多個累也分別與行慶祝,而恐九新界多個过 中華民國七十八年雙十國慶昨天变趟·卡
·各處旗海飄揚 慶祝雙十國慶
CP-SEKS -
LETULTRES?
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大都不能袜煞亞改寫,時代上篇的前進,更茲 的必然定律,中華民國建國的出畑史比,任何 ...电國歷史的發展是大民的戎戏同民主政治,
▲到處旗幟 氣氛熱蓊
·調景嶺設置雙十國慶牌坊,最爲目
白天奔
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4石球尾行人天橋掛有旗幟
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領街 動運主民陸大援支
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,堪的了.
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Topic
1990 中學會考預習專欄
WILL & DALE-PRESS
History (2)
J. Lui
The Congress of Vienna (1)
Points to consider
1, The Legacy of the French Revolution
and its impact on Curope.
2.01fferent economic systems and
political systems
shaped different
strategies of the great powers.
the
3.The
of principles Surding Congress of Vienna and their application.
1.Ar
assessment of the
Vietna
Settlement.
Candidates should ask themselves: why was the Congress of Vierina held?
It was held to
solve the problems arising from the French Revolution and the post Napoleonic era.
What were the problems?
A.The legacy of the French Revolution. 1.Before 1789. the political
structures of the Continental great powers, i.e. France, Austria, Russia and Prussia, remained unchallengec and dominated by the privileged classes of kings nobles ard Churclimen. En other words. conservatives dominated the political scene of Europe and the French i revolution changed the picture. 2.The French Revolution, being a massi movement against absolute rule and
tyranny, changed
políticol
condition of Europe First, the
1990 中學會考預習專欄
辨
出版社
80111, & DAVE PRESS
Economic & Public Affair (1)
Introduction
Some Important Terms
M.T. XWOK
Terms Sefinition/Elustration
WANTS
It is our desire for
varanus klods of things mid
liaving the ruliakieri
cueratturisthespi
#12 Auwerout
2. Ulm Lest
3. Congrantly wornasing
Cover Limp
2.
Faemanda qal Our daste for
Imoney, baster
housing, etc
french King. Was overthrown and
3. Thus, conservatives 05 Russia, Prussia and Austria worried that these political supremacy would be challenged by their people. So they wanted to suppress the revolution. 4.Then, 250lear's conquest of Europe Challenged the absolute supremacy of Besides.. the conservative powers. such conquest saw the expansion o french influence,
B.Nationalism
1.Gefimtion
Nationalist s the desire of the people if a community to assert its unity and independence vis-a-vis other Cuprunities groups. i.e. national indepence.
Or
2.The ruling classes of conservesive
Austria,
and Italy, Prussia
etc.. were forced to flee away when This Napoleon conquered Europe. political vacuum provided a fertile ground for the birth of Nationalisa among the Subject states of the itations.anc Germans and the Balkans. 3.Also, Napoleon's triumph in Europe convinced the subject masses of the Italians and Germans that national Independence had tú be achieved before their
be countries could Strengthened.
4. The anti-French struggle amongst the italiens and Germans also paved the way for the rise of nationalism, because it gave the subject people a common slogan to struggle. All in all, nationalism began to take root after the Napoleonic era.
but
5. ast
nct least, nationalism became the latent force
which undermined the old political order.
C.Liberalism
1.Defintion
According 10. the Declaration of the Rights of Man, it
Jerms
NCARCLAY
Befortaón/13 þústratiam
Tumearis saal kirja temangunt.
of Pusnuncey (neter 10%) an
the earth and hav
bertswing characteristics
..mited suppli
2. Card-reguared
Examples: The-Himald
amount of re
Supply, matad
amount (number)
of houses. etad madin Lo scarcity, specifi survīgorya/sťápsardzrule
should be used in Choosing tating.dr sarranging tits enter to battery wants. Examples: Use of ięcona tu.
thưy things,•»**
Autor uk Vans unoj
DOPOSTERELY (the moment-valued positioni
freioné it is ang Mai. Post-time Satters in
Exangalo
feyphrather allekt
la pan or a pat ou
court shoes and you
s a belief that all men are free and equal by birth and that they are entitled to enjoy such liberties as freedom of expression, press and worship..
2.Because of the Napoleonic Code of Laws, 3 Certain degree of self- government, equality in society, fair taxation and modern administration were introduced 10 the French inccupied countries. Thus, during the post-Napoleonic period, liberalism was able to take root countries.
chance
in
Country Representative
Brain Castlereag
these
Russia
Char Alexsadë. domply
D. The Rise of the Middle Class 1.0ince the French Revolution had di
the privileged halped shattering classes, the Middle Class could seize
extending the
their influence in Europe. The rise of the Middle Class had paved the way for the spread of liberalism in Europe. Because their rise vert much depends on a free and liberal environment and economy.
2.All in all, new values of middle class became an undermining force which later destroyed the. old society. Thus, more people preferred popularly elected government to absolute and despotic government.
Which powers dominated the Congress Vienna?
Austria, Prussia, Russia and Britain formed the Quadruple Alliance. Their interests and concerns were highly respected, whereas the interests of smal powers and subject states were neglected.
بربان
The following table illustrates the divergent interests and types government of the great powers. Although they had the, common interest of restoring peace and orger in Europe, their sphere of interests and concerns were different.
terms PPORTUN COST
Defintion/Illustration
decide to take, the shoes, the opportunity Best choosing the shoes is the pen (option
-
-
St your father allows
you to choose either 2
per ma pajë of sport stures un ŏ waton and. "you prefer a pen to laj
pear of sport shegy and
a main of Spurs-sfines
a watch, they taking.
Tufja usei suard - the
(suportunity cost-of
SUED CRAISE is a pain,
prt shoes since t
as ved higher than
the watch
în genral, 11ko uprange,
nuri praterenice'an gondark,
1st Preference A
303 Preference bi
Bra Preference E
to Preference D
The 16 of chansing. A vil
be B, where the DC-of
Fallgium's
Austria Metternich
decisive
Prussia Frederlan
Frecce
lass
Intiuential
Talleyrand, a clever diplomat who
trico. to exploit the
mistrust, among the slatesmen
of the Couples's
Terms
Typo of Government
1. Constitutional
government: which was more her at them we other countries 2.although sheyáld hot-
Like reactionery. measures, she did not opanty support any beral movements:
Tia dynastic empire
controlling ditterent
national cloritles;
Sphere of interests and concerns
since she was an Industrailsed country, so her main concern was to keep Europe open to trada.
2.She bimod at maintaining balance of pover, so she would not allow any single power to dominate Europe. A
3.She just wanted to provent the return of
Napoleon's cantinental system.
IM
4.She had no territorial ambitions
Europe, rater she wanted to secure tion Interests outside Eirope.
1.Since she was an agrarian Country, so her
main concerns were to uarant: untianaliom and liberalism.
1.e. Flatshs, German! 2.5hp was a landlocked country, so she Jewish etc.
2.champion of ell stays.
3.she was an absolute
and despotic
government.
1. teudalistic and
multi-racial empire.
Whose top .concern was
to mainrath status..
GLO
2.the government upheld.
the principle of absolutismi
the biggest German state 2.absolutes cespotic and aristocratic.
Republican form of government
2.it was the none at revolution and the Intellectusi ləədər
of Europe..
wanted to secure a warm sea port in the
Balkans. Thus, expansion to Europe was her ala,
3. She was strald at revolution and tried to
maintain the status quo of the old order.
Similar to Russia. She was. country.
en agrarlan
Z.He economy, was based on serinen.
3.She needed France to balance the Russian
Tatrice.
4.She spared all her priests in uprooting the Idess of nationalism and liberal fymur
1.She had territorial ambition in central
Europe..
2.She wanted to have the kingdon af Saxony
as compensation for the loss of Prussian Poland
1.being defeated by the great Powers. £te: wanted to rockin the confidence of other countries.
2.To gain the confidence of the greet
·Powers, she proposed to restore a Bourbon As the ruler of France..
3.By restoring the old order, she hoped to and French Isvision and gain the respect
of other povers.
Ito be continued)
Definition/Illustration
C
JUPKOR FUNE" "the BPC. of croost
vill still be, which is to.c
the highest-valued option foregone...
B. The formation of Economics
The studies of economics came from the above facts that wants us scarcity-will constitute choice and choice means the existence of opportunity cost From that it is. possible for us to measure the real cost of everything (i.e. the value of your choice) even no monetarial terms are attached. (See diagram below)
The modern studies of economics owes much to Adam Smith's 'wealth of Nations 1776) and he is proclaimed Father of Economics.
Heat's
Oppor
"Gust
Scarcity
studies of Econontes
Diagram: The formation of economics
C. The nature of economic problem
The studies nf economics focuses on how to use the limited resources in an efficient way and there are some main goals and problems facing every economy-
1. To make efficient allocation
of resources.
2.
To maintain a more even distribution of income.
3. To maintain stability of
price
4. To facilitate the growth of economy.ne
The nature of economic problem
has been based mainly on production
and distribution. Therefore the following questions are often raisedtem
1. What to produce?
2. How to produce?
3. For whom to produce?