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日八十月正年已己麼買
育教開港
-
帮助作
| RENZEKB5 - K
年初推進。香花輿跨抨擊
<4U@@ - RÍKI K-KIBRI KEL 來到香港-見奶游船 官員本月十日至十六日
英國安排下,越南四名
惜與有意在年四月登 REE-LENICE
現可申機撥欢 (*)***
東區社區活動
發和要求,是合理的。 港府增加麻煩。港人的祖 來的香港特别行政區政 不能及時解決,會給米 ,如滯港越南難民問題
·. 香港正處在過被期
1989 中學會考預習專欄
明德出版社
MILL & DALE PRESS
Economics (22).
Alain Li
·求英國率先無條件容
游洗洗澡| 九龍中醫公會
會枯
九龍中醫
;拖延魃港船民。 三、越南蠻不帶母
Bak
別的八百多名越南船民 风格,由理事長曾憲滨博士致新春 烏爾醋民資格。在日誠、備面潮變,幹事何为共百數十人,極探
【南人中,絕大部份人不夜林、李佰芬、尹于江,甘藍亞、林仲糖、梁 施甄别政祗的越 雅志良、江一爹、王伯、麥滿幹、梁伯牒、張 有风余示,在法府實 痒,到有首長會焘真博士,與奕本、蔡尚斌、 黨、甜玉明、梁森炎、梁平等瓔監事醫學院教
新春團拜酒會賞教行新巻墨
船英成只民不越實
越南代書去年在與英 氣洋溈 談判遣返港越南船
問題詩,會挺出 長素眞博士致說詞。
|只同意沒收自翮理者
。
:九龍中醫師公台新泰国拜仍歡,理事
A
currencies are transacted.
Types of financial markets.
There are 4 types of markets:
A. Money Market
The money market, which specializes in short-term foans asually not more than 3 months, deals with borrowing and lending anong the various licensed banks, and OTCs, Eng their day-to-day business, some. banks or DTCs may find themself short of cash, and then borrow from those banks or DTCs with surplus Cash. Such loans are mostly. repayable on demand.or at short notice.
FINANCIAL MARKETS
Financial merkets are institutions in which lending and borrowing of funds are made, and Financial claims and
R. Capital Market
The capital
market,
which
報日僑華
船民
一名越弱人努入香殺,使們各種的形態及姿澡。 照戰車的維斯酒 I+KISKERK-PRINSESS
|共有一萬零七百六十三年
精留香洛的越南難民和 大茂公司三機構
萬五千七百多
人。磁然這些越南人被
橫在鐵精藏置氧的◎ 聯合舉辦聯歡會
| 中心,但他們不愁吃住
人公開表示室可住香港難聯歡, | 難越南。隨著者氣 理席德倫,魔君乃及全體職員,嘉賓等数百人 集中營,而不肯返回出席省有萬興隆公司董事長席正林,總經 ,百分之九十九以上的穿公司,昨日下午三時假聯莎◎校聯合舉行春 :萬隆有限公司為下之大橋金貼,大茂證
一、英國的態度客照市莲会较去年好。成數亥,鍋面熱
KAE - BECKER ZECHA
越政加作的
英第民,污案 港氣苦港
如已致謝英國 官-要
| 行政局首席員即連
POKEZO - #
|英國得了取悅拙锅,不
1而定。香港報紙盤 +
觀乎英國能否提供住所
{ETESON - SK
條件,即找他國家亦相
【梵提出檢加收容的附競
【到自己的诸任,最近
【人而已。艾国不僅沒有
數最少,平均每月二十
石閲收容精港越南難民人
|三國收容,而歷年來英
·西:席德梅總經理致新春誓詞,
popularly known 15 the stock exchange,
deals --in Jong-term
securities Such as. bonds, debentures and shares Bonds and debentures are debts to be repaid- in specified period of time. Their holders have the right not only to receive the face values of them on their maturity, but also fixed sums of interest every year. Lefore their redemption.
C. Foreign Exchange Markel
The foreign exchange market. which ceals with selling and buying of Foreign currencies, is composed of the foreign exchange departments of the various commercial banks and exchange brokers, linked by telephone and telex. In Hong Kong. there are no restriction on the
મ
四期星白三廿月二(九八九一)年八十七國民華中 (30)
毒市的到香
湖起而不止。呑灣政府十三口"
一份者都要逍返包的,旨 政策,凡不具假難民 澇的越南人實施甄别 從去年六月十六日起到
典才通頭持一個書名大納夾
肯
豆包來採點香港民
越南難民問題,成為申請。 日報導:日益超重的現時可向區會秘書處文版現已出版,由何孟
·〔特跃》中新社前,畢貅批區鬱與活動,一一香港海產類」的中
特區政府將有麻煩 滯港難民若不解決
中新社撰文報導香港難民問題 本·港 新聞
五翻譯。市政局政務委
香港門輸關注的一個焦• 風機會結下之社區,此類的主要特色包括有
碳八格撥
[越南船民湧港 索取,戴止日期為三月中,英文版,現已在收
工供圖瓜英一月初探的軟的的 主持
香氣學集貝 體形主病。法
版 港探者者類 附色要 劉市出器
示及其
*售物物環市正現產。何提以及油色龍局,
郵政 挝已 強水連府。綃第 輔料酒密公,每及政局 九龙麵 岛後,機佈本名處 總刊 那天一
movement
of capital funds into or out of the territory.
D. Forward Market
A-forward market aims to reduce the risks borne by producers arising from price fluctuations of inputs, Typically, a contract is signed between 2 parties at a price agreed to now, for the delivery of a good some time in the future. The Hong Kong Commodity Exchange Limited is the only company which has been: granted a licence to operate a commodity exchange in Hong Kong.
Types of shares
There are 2 Lypes of shares in the capital marke
A. Ordinary
share
An ordinary share is a certificate stating that the holder has a right to a share in the capital value of a firm. It carries no fixed rate of" dividend, depending on the amount of profit made from year to year. But its holder has the right to vote in the firm.
B. Preference share.
A preference share Carries 3 promise to pay a fixed dividend whenever possible. Most preference share are cumulative," which means that the holders are entitled to receive arrears of dividends, owing from previous years before any dividend is distributed to the ordinary sharahciders. Preference sharenolders usually have. no voting, rights in the firm.
20
.7 26.3
5金手指
#6 26.2
1989 中學會考預習專欄
明德出版社
MILL & DALE PRESS
Chemistry (22)
K
Lai energy.
Table 1: Summary of Reactions
Metal
Oxygen
with 02, H.0, and dil acids.
Water.
Equis burning to Violently in cold; Form olies v
evolved;
Dilute Acic (except HND
Explosivelyr
3.1 A redox transf
and neat evolved.
ll, evolved..
| C•g, 2R+2H2O¬ZK©H+H2
Decreasing vigour. e.g. 2My+0.
Moderately in cold.. els. Ca+2H20
3.2 A simple chemical co
in which a redox rea piace but the redu oxidising agents ar not it direct contact, and the electrons are transferred through an external
Such conducting wire. converts chemical energy electrical energy.
and
2.
device
to
Redox Reactions and Chemical Cells
redug
ayerft
involves
Cons from a an oxidising
4.4 Part of ECS is given below
K*(aq) +eK(3)
(aq) + 2e Calsi.
Na (aq) 10 Na(s).
Mg2*(aq)+26 — Mc(s).
"(aq)+3a" Al(s).
Zn(aq)+2eZn(s) Fe2+(aq)+20=Fe(s)
Sn2 (aq)+ze Sa{s}
• 211′′ (89) +20 ̃ ̄ = H2 (g)
Cu2+(aq)+ce Ag*(aq)+e
Cu(s) Agis)
Slowly oxidized;
Reaction with steam
at increasingly high temperatures.
1H, evolved and oxide
formed.
e.g. Zn+H20(9)
-> 200+H2
iFe reacts reversibly
with steam. 1.
No reaction
Moderately:
Rate decreasing;
H2 evolved and a metal
salt formed.
e.g. Mg(5)+2H(aq)
No reaction
3.3 A simple chemical cell is Sattu Just connecting two meta ioris electrode systems. below.
Yoltueter
Electrón flow
7
3:25.8
卜駒試關
7.4 25.1.
11
8.0 27.2
R. Chu
Mg
Unit 12: Revision on Reactivities of
Common Metals and CheatE cells
A1
A little heat
Evolved.
Z
e.g. 2Pb+C 2PbQ
1. The Reactivity Series
.8汌小船
10:
6.7 25.2
8.8 25.3
14
1.2 This series can be: established basing simply on the rate, vigour or temperature of their reactions with oxygen, water and dilute acids. respectively.
1.1 The Reactivity Series is a list of
COMBON metals arranged decreasing order of the vigor of their reactions with other substances.
PD
Hg
or
rea
30.9 30.4:
1.7
1.3 Deseriptions of the above reactions
are summarised in Table 1.
Ag
Au
26.2. 25.0
3.1
28.2 26.6
3.5L
28.7 25.8
5.3训友 28.9 26.2
2.5 29.5
Some Useful Information from the Reactivity Series
2.1.The
relative reactivity of the metals decreases on descending the Reactivity Series..
2K+2H2020H+H12 (9)
te
H2 from cold water..
The less reactive
liberate. from steam only.
H2
PUBLI
Table 2: Action of Heat on Common Metal Compounds
Nitrates Decomposed to nitritel and oxygen.
e.g. 2KNO 2KND12+Û» Decomposed to Decomposed to mete? metal oxide and joxide, 0, and NO2.
Sulphates
Decomposed to }metal oxide,...
Metal Hydroxides
Carbonates
K
No effect
No effect
Na
(a)
The
most reactive metals
Ca
Decomposed to
metal oxide
MO
and stream.
2011(s) →→→→
(b)
Teta
A1+
02 (s) + H2O(g).
|003
+ND2
e.g. 2FeSO4
Zn
4.0桌球之星 20.3
e.g. Cu(OH)*
F#
e.g. 2010,→
02 ̄(s)+CO2(y){e.g. 2Pb(NO3},{5}
2Pb0+0+2N0
(c) Metals. below S in the series
Pb
· ZnO+CO2
do not liberate 2 from water or steam. e.g. Cu.
Cu
Hg
Not formed
Decomposed to metal 0 and
-2.2 Metals
Ag
CO2
Decomposed to metal, Decomposed to
and NO
and 102
e.g. Hg(NO3)2
metal,
Hg+2ND2+02
23.5
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can
21.8宏德二號
20.8 25.0
21:7山東驗馬
26.2 25.0
28.2 27.5
24.4金豬果: 27.1.26.4-
25.5€7
27.7: 25.0
19,6ER 1.20.5 25.4
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above hydrogen in the liberate Reactivity Series hydrogen gas from dilute acids except HND as shown in Table 1.
2.3. A metal ion in aqueous solution can be displaced by another metal which
is above it in the Reactivity Series
・e.g. Cu(S)+2Ag*(aq):
Ru2+(aq)+2Ag(s)
But, Cu(s)÷zn2+(aq) →→→no reaction
This is équivalent to a metal at a higher position in the Reactivity. Series reduces (gives electrons en) the ions of a metal at a lower position. That is, die higher in position the Retals is, the stronger a reducing agent it is. 2.4 The thermal stability of the metal
compounds
increases down series, as shown in Table 2. The ease of decomposition or the compounds increase down the. Series.
2.5 The readiness of oxidising the meta's decreases on descending the series an
e.g. Na is oxidized in contact with
Cu has to be heated in flame.
Au coes not react with air at all.
10.g. 2A92003-
440+2002+02
N.B. Al does not form carbonate.
Table 3: Common Metal Oxides and Their Reduction
Drence (Orange to
|reddish- Cuo Black brown)
#go. Red
499 Brown
Decomposed to metal and oxygen
3
Motel [My
salt br.Foge
Solutiontaining
lans ajie
-Solution containing
Jons of My
(a) Electrical contact between the two solutions is made by means of (1) a salt bridge
a U-tube containing a solution of an electrolyte, e.g. KNO,
or a filter paper soaked with a salt solution, e.g. KNOW.
(2) a porous partition.
(b) The electromotive force (e.m.f.)
of the cell is measured using a valve for vacuum) voltmeter. (c) The magnitude and the sign of the e.m.f.measured of a cell depend on the nature of the metals M. and M2 used to set up the cell.
4. The Electrochemical Series (ECS)
4.1. Using
the
following set-up, different simple chemical cells are obtained using ships of different metals (M) and their respective. e..f.'s are measured by the voltmeter. Each time the cell has one electrode in common, .e. the copper electrode.
VoltmeTor
Metal
xide
Colour
Effect of
.heat
Reduction to Metal
Ease
C
CO
H2.
of
Thermally stable.
Not .... Nat reduced reduced
Not
Time of Discovery Reduction of metal.
1807A.D.
Strip of metat (M)
reduced
Na0
Microscople
sit do
Clean-coppe
sheat
Eltor. paper soaked with a sait solution
Cac
Whi Le
Mgo White
1800A.D.
1827A.D.
AT:203
Zno
White.
(White to yellow)
Reduced. Reduced. e.g. 0.9
the
Fe203
Sno
рой
Reduced: 2PbQ-C-→→ ZnO-CO~> leig.
PL+C02
Zn+O2 Cubtily
1000A.Di
68.0.
Au
eng + 2492 0 − 4 Ag +02:
4.2 If the e.m. f. is negative, then the more metal (N) loses electrons readily than copper.
If the e.m.f. is positive, then the metal (M) loses electrons less readily than copper.
4.3 If the metals (M) are listed according to the em.f's of the cells set-up between the metals (M) and the copper electrode, with the most negative e.m.f. coning first a series called the electrochemical (redox) series is resulted.
5. Using the E.C.5.
The position of a metal in the ECS gives much information about its properties.
5.1 Reducing power of the metals
The reducing power of the metal decreases on descending the ECS. (a) A metal higher in ECS displaces a metal lower in series from a solution of its salt,
e.g. Zn(s)+2Ag+(aq)→→→z«2+(aq)
+2Ag(s)
(b) A metal higher in ECS reduces the oxides of a meza! Tower in the. series to its metal.
e.g. 2Fe(s)+3Cu0(s}>Fe2O2{$)+3Cu(5)
(c) The most reactive metals reduce cold water and dilute acids.to H ¤.g. 2K÷2H2O➡K* (aq) +20H (aq)+H2{g} Less reactive metals reduce steam and dilute acids to H2.
a.g. Mg(s)+(g)~-~-~* MgQ{3}+H2(g)
Zn(s)+2H(aq)Zr2TM(aq)+hy{9},
2T
The metals below hydrogen in ECS do not reduce water or dute acids at .all.
5.2 Oxidising power of the netal ions.
The oxidising power of the metal ion increases on descending the ECS.
(a) The ions below zinc in the ECS reduced using chemical can be reducing agents such as H2, Ca and CC, etc, e.g.
Fe2O3+C0->2F+3C02
2000=C→2014 CO2
(b) The ions of the most reactive metals can only be reduced by electrolytic processes.
e.g. Na*()ea(s)
(in molten
NaCl)
5.3 Stability in Air and Storage
The ease of oxidising the metals decreases on descending the ECS. The most reactive aetals are readily oxidized by air, so, they are usually stored out of contact of air.
e.g. Kin, kerosene, Na in oil, etc.
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