•
F2- Fq + F
WAH KIU YAT PO
頁四第張八第
日廿月十年卯丁曆夏
-12N
(A)
R
1988中學會考
B2-
+
P
tamo -
A
卫 7.3252 Rx 37°37'
- 0.7707
9.5048
(Ans.)
試題預習專欄
i.e.蔌
F1 +F2+F3+F4 +P5
物理(十一)
Parallelogrum method
明濃出版社
MILL & DALE PRESS
Revision Exercises
for
2
R
Cert.Exam. (1988)
PHYSICS (11)
4.2 Vector and Force
A vector is a quantity which has both direction and magnitude (e.g. displacement, velocity, force, momentum etc.)
A acalar is a quantity which has magnitude only {e.g. length, area, mess, energy, power etc.)
Forces Bre vectors.
A force is well specified if its
magnitude, direction
and point of applica-
tion are given.
The resultant
(vector sum) of
aeveral
forces, is a
force which would
produce the anme
effect ag the forces.
ADDITION OF VECTORS
(a) Triangle method
Draw the two given vectors F and F one
1
after one (ive, the tail of one being attached to the arrOW head of the other. Then the resultant R can be represented by the vector starting from the tail end of
to the arrow-head of ·
abown in the
F2 as
figure.
(b) Polygon method
For several vectors, the resultant can be obtained by applying the triangle method successively.
R
Tand
Fusine P+Fycosg
Analytical Method
Resolve all the vectors into two chosen mutually perpendicular directions (say I-direction and y-direction). If the vectors F1, F2, F3F make angles 91 #qız
.. respectively with
21
the x-axis, then
EFxemagnitude of
x-component of resultant A
+F_cose
7
EFy-magnitude of
y-component of resultant R
thu
the
=Fyeingg+Fysin@y..
F sine
B
Hence
R
and
tang
=
ZFY ZFx
(H)By Graphical Method
The magnitude of the resultant R is found by neasurement
R = 12N
# - 37.5°
15N
~130
12N\
d
(i.e.
60°
457214. X
the resultant is 12N and at an angle of 37°37' with the x-axis)
Concurrent Forces
A body is said to be EQUILIBRIUM if it is at rest or moving with constant speed in + straight line.
(a)Triangle of forces:
If three concurrent
forces (any, Fy. Fy and Py)
are in equilí.
brium, they can be
represented bath in
magni tudes and
directions by the three
sidea of a closed
triangle taken in order
The converse is also true
+(Fy)
也頰rrant force
where is the angle
which the resultant R makes with the x-axia.
Example: Find the result-
ant of the forces. shown in the figure.
12N
450
15N
ON
R-12N
ORx-9.5048N X
Solution: (A)By Calculation
RX-XFx
-15cos 30°-12cos45+ 10cos60°
-9.5048N
Ry-ZFy
-15sin30+12sin45"-
10cos300
-7.3252N
2
R/R+Ry
|(9.5048)*+(7.3252)
the corresponding
force triangle
ZFxm; and ZFy=0
4.3 Relative Velocity
The velocity of a body A relative to body B is given by
- V AB
A
B
It is the velocity of
A as observed by B.
VA VR are the
velocities of A and B A observed by a stationary person,
Example: Two ships A and
0 4000 m apart begin to sail due east and due south at 12 mg)
and 10 冰点 respectively.
Find
-1
(a) the velocity of
四期星
tions in teras of the structures and bonding. (1) Sodium conducts
electricity but sulphur does not. (2) Solid sodium
chloride does not conduct electric- ity, hut, multen sodium chloride con do an and is thereby decomposed.
(b) The diagram below
shows the set-up for electrolysing 5 M andium chloride solution and 2 M sulphuric acid,
Carbon electrodes
&M
Naci
*
A as observed by litmus a man on B
(b) their shortest
distance apart.
Platinum electrodes
Name the gases that would be collected
over the electrodes
你
'R S1
·Battery
(+)
Solution:
(n) The velocity of A as
observed by a man Bis the relative velocity of a to R. shown in
As
N
B
要
AB
A
-]
16m8
36521
L
P. ?, R end S. respectively. (ii) Wribe the ionic
equations of the reactions at the electrodes P. 4.
R and S respectively. (iii)What would be
the
volume ratio of the two gasee collected over and S (iv) what would yon obaerve of the solution near the electrode P? Explain briefly. What would happen to the concentration of the sulphuric acid? (v2) When a current ia Fanged for n min,
3
1
(x)
(Ane.)
(Ana
the ship A seems to seil at 20 ma in,
the direction
N36°52'E as observed
by a man on ji.
(b) The shortest distance
apart
-DC
=ARgin(90°)
=(4000)(0.8)
26 8, 48 cm measured at room temperature and pressure of gea is collected in the tube over the adec- trode What is the magnitude of the current?
Question 17
F F2 F3
化學( 十
-)
(a) The following experi="
ment was carried out." by a student in order to find the molecular formule of hydrogen
3 chloride.*50 cm- hydrogen gas waa mixed_with.3.5 cm3 chlorine gag under
of
of
sing, sine sine
ar
sing, sing, sing,
whenever three forces are
in equilibrium, they must be concurrent and
coplanar.
(B) tra aystem con-
duerent forcea is in equilibrian, then their resultant is zero or the aus of their components
along any direction is zero. It
followa that Dad
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眼淚
=3200m
(Ang)
明運出版社: MILL & DALE PRESS
Revision Exercises
for Cert.Exam. (1988)
CHEMISTRY (11) Question 16
(i) Give the respective
name of the constituent particles composing
(1) sodium natal,
(2) sulphur crystals, (3) aodium chloride. (ii)Explain each of the
following observa-
* £fused sunlight 'and· the mixture was then passed over a bot platinum|wire until the colour of chlorine gas is completely discharged. On cooling to the original temperature, and pressure, it was found that its volume remains unchanged When the residual wua pumped into g water, all but
15 cm
3
dissolved S
(1) Why were hydrogen
and chlorine mixed
日十月二十年七八九一曆公年六十七國民華中。
under diffused sublight?
(ii) What was the
function of the hot platinum water?
(iii)What was. the volume
of hydrogen chloride gas forced?
(iv) Assuming that
hydrogen and chlorine are diatomic gases, show how you can determine the molecular formula of hydrogen chloride. State the chemical law you have applied in (iv)。
(v)
(b) Deacribe what woul
you observe in cach of the following cases and write the equations of the chenges observed. (1) Add sodium
hydroxide: solution to an aqueous solution of copper(II) sulphate and then beat the mixture strongly.
(2) Add aodium
hydroxide
La
freshly-prepared aolution of iron(11)
sulphate and then heat the mixture strongly.
(3) Add sodium
hydroxide solulian to an aqueous solution of iron(III)
chloride.
(4) Add sodium
hydroxide
aolution to an aqueous solution
of ammoni un chloride and heat the mixture gently,
(5) Add sodium
hydroxide solution to an aqueous solution of zine(II) nitrate until it is in excess. Question 18
(a) The primary mono-
hydric alkanola may be represented by the general molecular formule CH (CHy),OF
where x 'denotes the number of methylene unit (-CH,-), 0x suitable treatment, an alkanol cay. he oxidized to an alkanoic acid.
(i) Give the names of
two oxidizing agents often used in sucs conversions, State the conditions of the reaction for each of the oxidizing agent you would use.
(11)Write a general
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博覽旅遊「清邁·布吉島|泰星馬·星馬•泰星 日本·韓國 台灣
equation of the oxidation reaction chove. In a particular expert- ment, an alkanol P
in completely
oxidized to on
alkanoic acid X and
3.7 g of the result-
ing acid X can
neutralize 25 cm
3
of 2 M sodium hydroxide solution. (iii)How many moles of
aodlum hydroxide are reacted?
(iv) What is the relative molecular mase of X? What is the value of (x)
X in the compound X? llence, give the IUPAC names of X and P respectively. (vi) A hydrocarbon 2 is
obtained on heating P with an excess of concentrated sulphuric acid. 2 can decolourize bromine solution in Letrachiorummethane. {1} Name the
compound Z according to the TUPAC system.
(2) Write an
equation of the conversion of Ptoy.
(3)Name the type of reaction between Z and bromine solution,
(4) Give an equation
of the reaction between Z and
bromine solution.
(i) when the organie
compound A
(CHC)ICQHg), 主神
refluxed with water, the following
reversible reaction tokes place.
CH3COOH(L)
(1) To which
homologus neries does compound A belong?
(2) Name A aecording
to the IUPAC
Bystem.
(5) What is the
forward reaction usually called? {4) What reagent(a)
would you add in wishing to make the forward reaction to go almost to completion.
(ii) An organic compound
B has the following structural formula.
CH200CC17H35
CR100CC 17H35
(1) To which
homologous series does compound belong?
(2) Write an equation
of the reaction on boiling the compound B with dilute sodium hydroxide solution.
(3) Suggest a uac in
daily life of the
aodium compound
obtained in (2).
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