in the Province of Kwangtung, the only two Ports hitherto opened in accordance with the Treaty, to which foreign merchant Vessels for purposes of trade are allowed to resort are those of Canton and Whampoa, as regards the Port of Tinghai Chow in the island of Hainan, although the Treaty provides for its being open to foreign trade, no measures have been taken to establish an Inspectorate of Customs there and to open the Port, neither has a Consul been appointed by any nation to reside there for the management of affairs, and foreign merchant vessels should not therefore incautiously proceed thither, still less should they visit the other Ports on the South West Coast and carry on a clandestine traffic, entailing contravention of the Customs duties. The local Authorities
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of the harbour and the Mandarins in charge of the Various Customs and other Stations must maintain constant and effectual vigilance, and stringently prohibit and prevent such proceedings, permitting no vessels to enter harbors in violation of the Treaty, and illicitly evade the payment of duty. Native merchants must likewise be prohibited from clandestinely inducing Combinations and transacting business [with such vessels]. In case, however, vessels surreptitiously enter port and discharge cargoes, and evade the payment of duty, with other like irregularities, the vessel and goods must be seized and the native traders engaged in illicit transactions be arrested and brought to trial, report of the case being thereupon made