真四第張五第二日十初月四年寅甲感夏
WAH KIU YAT PO
夏季
4下图為雄兔之泄殖系图
各部名称
11974 中學會考試題預習專標。
赵道書院主辆
生物科(甲)(廿一)梁景檀
一本槓習題:
1.下列為人
a-1.
( (2) a, e, 最 有何功能
報日僑事
中。然後,由胰消化酶之作 用胰澱粉酶,伎澱粉 及粘精均水解生成雙糖 由腸糖轉化酶繼續雙
醣水解生成葡萄糖、果糖 和小乳糖等,即“被吸收 胰脂觧豳使脂肪水解 (生成二分子甘油和三分子脂 ̇肪酸然後被吸收
胰蛋白酶與腸蛋白酶 蛋白質及腺水觧市生 成氨基酸、然後被吸心
三期星
全,或消化後未被吸收的 食物殘渣由消化道排出. 体外,或排出胞外,這項 清除消化後之底物的生 理作用称為排遺, 重便的成分(略) 6ba左颈動脉上左鎖骨動 脉,C動脉弓,d左肺動脉 e左肺静脉,千左心耳,
9.二尖瓣,大心室壁心胸 之背大動脉右心室
☆下腔大静脉,(三尖瓣
2.右心耳,九半月瓣.
日一月五年四七九一番公年三十六國民華中 育教信仰
.. With halogen acid:
at ordinary temperaturef ethyl iodide is rapidly produced.
#2C = CF2 + HI→→→ CH,
With chlorine:ww
wateri
At room temperature, it produc es ethylene chlorhydrin,
H2C = CH2+ ROCI CHONCH C1
d. With hydrogens :
gthylene and hydrogen are pass. ́ed over nickel at about 200°C.
The product is ethane.
H2C CH2+ H2
With conc. sulphuric acidi Ethylene Le: absorbed by fuming aulphuric acid in the cold.
CE+ H2SO
CH3CH2HSON
The reaction is reversed at about 180°C. and ethyl alcohol In liberated.
CH, CNRSO + HOH-CH, CH OF
0主動脉,p鲁名動脉, . With potasatum permanganato
(2)q防止左心室的血液倒流
(3)何謂排进作用,
(4)人類尿液的成分為何? (4),大部之解大图
尿液如何形成?
粘膜表皮
-微血管
絨毛
- 乳糜管 小静脉
上防止右心室的血液倒
流入右心耳、
小動
·腸腺
(2)試害伝6在血液凝固上所
真的任務差缺乏上部的人在
出血時情况如何。
(3)試比較 as c.在形態上占
生理機能上有何不同,
(4)何謂炎?伤口嚄类何以
現紅腫,
(6)試以简图表示桌,蛙,及
話的血液循環路线 (6)血液与淋巴液?血清
与血漿有何不同
試略述血液之成分与功能
2.下图為肺部简图回答下列
问题:
|
(5) 下图為人骨的切面图害
(2)g部是由許軟骨環構成育 何功能?何以這些軟骨環 背面有缺口?!
(3)何謂呼吸作用?呼吸作用 在生命活動中有何義意?!
(4) 我们如何能吸入及呼云空 氣?如何调節呼吸频率 (5)何謂肺活量。 (6)試设法证明你所呼之 空氣中含有水蒸霞子及較多 之二氧化碳。
(7)試說出下列動物之呼吸器 (a)变形蟲,蚯蚓心蝴蟑 小輕案(二)蝌蚪(小青蛙 (鸽 (6) 兔
13 下图為皮膚的縱切图
(1)宇出图中各部名称,
(2)試述皮膚之功能(简述) (3)試说明皮膚在体温非持上
有何價值。
5.下图為腎功能的單位
烤云下列部分之名称
g.
h
(C)尿在图中那一部分已完全形成 (3) 含尿素前小的血液是在图
中那一部分:
(4)滤出液中之水份正图中那一 ̇部分营生被吸收作用,在此 吸收過程中除水分外還有 那些物質被吸收
3. (1) 唾液腺(舌下腺,頜下腺
下腺)胃腺 腸腺、胰腺 及肝臟;
(2)一克醣在人体内完全氧化時 能放:414卡熱量,而脂肪 則每一克能放云 9.34卡热量 蛋白質則每一克氧化時放 414卡熱量 (3)蛋白質的帶养價值,主要為 (7)組成原生質,建造体質, 山)氧化時能放云熱能 (c)修補受損伤的組織
(((4)鉄為血紅素的主要成份 磷為骨質之主要成份及為 生物体中高能化合物的 主要組成
鈣為骨質的主要成分
碘為甲状腺素的成分 (5) 凡能被消化吸收的物
質而且吸收後,能被利用
(5) 图中那一部份的血压較高, 以建造体复供给能量,或
這和濾尿有何阅係。 上期答案:
「山a食道,6喟,c胰尾 e.小腸, f+二指腸, &盲腸 大結腸,直腸,撞粒支脚 4.胆囊,加肝臟,九輸胆管 (2)9之功能:消化植物纖維
九之功能:吸收食糜之水分与
無機盐而漸漸固結. 1、功能、貯存胆汁 (3)肝之主要生理功能
(a)分泌胆汁上有解毒作用 心產生抗体及凝血物質 (d)貯存脂溶性维他命 (e)為紅血球崩解之场所,亦
有血作用
f,有貯糖作用,藉此以調
舒血糖含量之作用
(1)蛋白代謝後所生成之氣 於肝中轉生成尿素,排云 山能特脂肪磷脂化些後
参与代谢
2. (ba圍腔膜,懸腸膜、
C.縱肌房山環肌层 (2)粘膜下层(f粘膜层 (g) 腸腔(d)小腸絨毛. (2)认有擴大小腸吸收面 3)食物首先被胆汁中和西 呈微鹼性,同時由於胆汁夜 脂肪乳化,而混和於消化液
調節機能這被吸收的
的物質便称為榮养素
入左心耳一
n. 防止動脉中的血液
倒流入心室
aolution:
1. If neutral, the permanganate”
solution is decolorised with a brown ppt. infit.
11. If acidic, it is decolorised.
iii. ff alkaline, the soultion
ta turned green, and contai
a manganates
|| Polymerisation:
8,0 + (0)
CH CE, CHOR
othylene gl
At about 1,000 atmos. pressure, with a trace of oxygen presenty
ethylene polymeriana to: polyethyl. ene or polythene. Heat is required to start the polymerisation:
3n(B_C=CH_) —~(−CH2-CE2-CH2-
CH2-CH2
Where n is about 200.
-66:
(3).f部血呈鲜红色,自肺輸入,
絰左心室,動脉流至各部組織 At about M部血呈暗红色,自各部組織 流回经右心室流往肺部 (4)心壁收縮之压力,經血 | 液而施於血管壁,称為血
庄,当心臟舒張時血液: 施於血管壁之压力称為心 舒压,当心臟收缩時血 液施於血管壁的压力称
血压是由於心 為心縮压; 縮時,心壁肌肉的張力 而產生;而要藉血管之 力及血液的滞性和维持, must out, Posts -
1874 中學會考試題預習專機
化學科(乙)(廿五)
CHEMISTRY (25)
The Olefines: Ethylene'
王兆女
Ethylene has the molecular
formula, CH, and is the first member: of the homologous series. of olefine hydrocarbons, which have the general formula, C.
They are characterised by possess ing, at one point in the carbon chain, a double bond between a
pair of carbon atoms, 1.0, the structure GalG
Preparation:
生物利用酶的作用特 食物水解成 簡單細小, Cuzcazon - Ezo → HCS CHz
By dehydration of the correspond- ing alcohols,
的分子,可溶解於水中, 藉渗透擴散作用而被 细胞所吸收這項水解 食物的過程称為消化。 (6) 111ETY 5 A
的最大價值為吾人能自己 食物中獲取適中的瑩养 未以建造体質,修補組織 维持健康与生长.
The usual dehydrating agent employ ed in the laboratory is conccent rated sulphuric acid. The required. conditions are:
ethyl alcohol
conc. aulphuric acid: temperature at 180c
For the preparation of ethylene,
alowly to ethanol with shaking and cooling under the tap. The mixture is heated to about 180°
cone sulphuric acid is added:
The principal impurity is sulphur dioxide, produced by oxidation of ethanol: in aide reaction::
Le Boda solution. Properties;
→20+ 280g+56
Ethylene 18. a colourless gas, almost insoluble in water, alight. ly lean dense thap air), with an faint anell and anaesthetic propei ties. Ita boiling point 18-105°C at 760 mm..
4.维他素為一大類學化結構
相当複雜的物質,吾人每月 Thie Laputty to removed by caust 所需之量甚少,但却能维持| 了正常之健康与昔育,現今 更明暸維生素常作為酶 系中的輔酶部分 维他命A.缺乏時专生夜 盲症、眼球乾燥,云育不良,
缺乏B時則患神经炎,脚 CH
氣病,缺乏B時則患惡 性贫血症; 缺乏C時則 患壞血病,皮下出血: 缺乏D則患佝偻病,軟 骨病,缺乏時則肌肉 委縮衰退,生育機能衰弱。 5.几不能被消化,或消化不完
Chemical properties:
1. Combustion- When a light le
applies to it, ethylene barne in. air with a luminous, smoky flane and leaves carbon dioxide:
+
200+ 28,0
2. Addition reactiona- Most of the reactions of ethylene ara addiť- ion reactions of the type:
之
+. AB
2
CBB
A and B are univalent radioles. a. With chlorine or brominat
At ordinary temperature, athy) ene dichloride is rapidly produced...
Rylon is aynthetic protein, produc ed by condensation between hexan methylene diamine, E_N(CH) NE and adipic acid, HOOC(CH) C00日
stion to nylon salt:
Lterest fastent ctcombin- sooccmg)Kcoom
H_N(CH.
HGOO(CH) CONE(CH_);
| heating under pressure produces
condensation because vater is
polymer of the type:
●.CO(CH) CONE( CH) HECO( CH?
244
CONEC CH¿) 【NB
This superpolymer is nylon 66.
The Monohydric alcobels:
The term monohydric alcohol indic ates an alcohol possessing one hydroxyl (OH); group,
The monohydric alcohols constitute a homologeans series of general Tormula CH唯
2n+1
Preparation:“
1. Hydrolyals of alkyl halides:
The alkyl halide is boiled under reflax with aqueous caustic- alkall, nog.
CHL Br * KOR CEOH + KBr
2. Reduction of carbxylic acide for
their store:
The reducing agent is lithium aluminium hydride. The acid or ester and the reducing agent are both used gold in dry ester as solvent, under reflux. Later water. is added to remove: excess of hydride and dilute sulphuric.
acid: to release the: free: alcohol" from intermediate products. The reactions are complex but equivalent finally
RCOOH + 4(日)→RCH_OH + H_O RODOR +, 4(8)→RCH¬OH + RYOH
3. By fermentation:
the fermentation of glucces or sugar with a suitable orgar ic catalyst(enzyme). The catalyet used iu zymaas (yeast
200+ 2002
C61206-
The fermentation goes beat at a temperature of 25-30°C. The product is distilled, and the alcohol collected, dried over quicklims and redistilled. Propertiestent d
The simple alcohols are liquids, They are very soluble in water at and th organic solvente.
Chemical properties;
1. Properties of the hydroxyl
a. With sodium or potassium-=
In cold, effervescence and hydrogen is evolved,
+2NC_E_
sodium ethoxide. b. Eater formation with acide——
CH "HỌC HẠCH GIỚC HẢI
$285 ethyl acetate
c. Action with phosphorus, tri-
chloride or pentachloride-- 300+29C1,
+3HC1
*ORMgOH+P01g C@#;C1+POC13+HCL
Oxidation:
Primary alcohol csidises in two distinct stages, firat to an aldehyd, then to a. carboxyl ic acid; with no lees of carbon
•RCH2OH+ (0) -
RCHO + to}
NGHO + 1,0 RCOOH
B.B. CHỊCH,OH + (O) CHÍ CHO
CHÍCHO + LO)→CH3COOH Acetaldehyde
Dehydration:
Acetic acid:
Ethyl alcohol can be made to dehydrate in two distinct ways by choice of conditions and these should be carefully rated:
a To ether:
Ethanol in excess Concentration sulphuric acti Heat to 145 C.
b. To ethylene::
Ethanol
Conc. sulphuric acid in
excess
Heat to 180°c
First stage for both;
with excess. ethanol;
Heat. to 180°c.
4. Dehydrogenation:
Primary. alcohols can often. converted to aldehydes by: passage over copper ganze (catalyst.) at 300°C. Hydraw gen is removed as the element
RCH OH RCHO
CH CH2OH
Burning:
CHgCRO
Ethyl alcohol burns in air and in oxygen:
CH3CH2OB+30g-3日20+2C0_ Hwu
Saturated Monocarboxylic acids: Saturated monocarboxylic acids form a homologous series of which the general formula is
2n+1 COOH(RCOOH) Preparation:
By oxidation of primary alcohol
RCH_OR + (O)→RCHO + RCHO + (0) - RCOOH
GH CHO (0) GU COCH
...
Properties;:
The first two fatty acida are. liquida in ordinary conditions. Both of these acids mix with water in any proportions. With lengthening of the carbon chate the acids become aclid: and the solubility in water decreases. Chemical properties:-
1. Acidid properties- All the fatty acids are weak acidą... a. Próduction of, colour danga,
in indicators,
b. Neutralisation of a base
to produce a salt and water only::
RCOOH + KOH→→→→ RCOOK + H_0
Liberation of bydrogen with strongly electropositive: metala:
2CH3COOH + M8 →→→ Mg(CH_COO),
Liberation of carbon diox- lde with carbonaten and by、 carbonatesin vit
Na *+ 2CH C00H→2CHCOOM
Ester formation:
+H2O+CO2
The anhydrous acid is boll ed under reflux with an alcohol and with concentrat ed sulphuric acid or dry hydrogen chloride as catalet
RCDONA
QB - RCOOR, + H2O
eC. CHCOOR+C_H−OK→ CH_COOCH
1,0
3. Action with phosphorus penta-
chloride and trichloride:
ECOOH+PC1, RCDC1 POC1 HG
acyl chloride 3RCOQB+2PC1g+3RCQC1+P_O0g+3HC1
4. Halogenation:
If anhydrous acetic acid 10 boiled under reflux and dry chlorine is passed in, it gives in succession, mono, di; and trichloroacetic acido. The reaction is catalysed. by sulphur and by sunlight,
CH_COOH+C1 HC1+CH_C1COOK CK_C1COOK+C1 >>нC1+CHC1_COOH
COOK
CHCI_COOH+C15HCl+CC1C The strength of the acid in- creases aathe dumber of chlor ine atoms in the molecple in-
· creases. Trichloroacetic acid 1a one of the strongest acids known.
Questions for this weeki
1. A ganeoue organic compound
K was found to contain 85.72%. of carbon and 14.28% of hydro- gen by weight, ame (1) Calculate the empirical
formula of X from the above
(11) Suggest a structural fora uls and name for X, if ita c vapour density was 21. (111) Calculate the volume of oxygen required to burn“ completely 10-ces of X. (£w) How đáss this compound.
react withi Sunda
a. Hydrogen b. Chlorine a. Hydrogen chlorides
2. Explain the formation of
either polyethylene or poly- atyrene. Give a large scales use of each of these substance
"By means of a series of equations show how
f) Ethyl alcohol: du converted
into acetic acid.
11) Methyl acetate is obtain sad from methyl alcohol, MA State the conditions under which the reactions take plade
Page 20Page 21
REFERENCE LORARY
CITY HALL
– 1 MAY 1974.
界世人工頁一第張六第 日十初月四年寅甲歷
計的設計師每月待遇可 高至三千元。
内散計人員,排先求取 設計康及繪面的基本知 【織,可以全日就京於工 來中國以部份時間在 工築學院先修典此等科 第一關的課程。 若採取部分時間遇 佔的!浤,可於完成中 五課程,到工業學院 進修一萬兩年制的夜間
雷由兩家大量所開辦的 校外誤運:結業後,可 取有關除握說。
一個則從中學畢業
工,至無視其少草擬區則 訓練的杏年人,可以在 較大規模的室內設計商 就我取棉習生的職位 界一經過工作杌學習,就可