育教僑華頁三張五第四十月七年家僰夏 WAH KID YAT PO

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新數學(十三

Elementary Modern Mathematics

Lesson 13

Numbers

The distributive Law

Considering addition ditributed

multiplication.

Distributi

(5x

3+20

23%

報日橋

REFERENC

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新細、上

Product.

56

We can see clearly the this Law does not

hold:

CELL 中學同學暑期進修專欄臺Œ英父害主碻

無綫電入門

(七)

Introduction to

Radio Technology!

~

Order of operation

Although the Laws of arithmetic operation permits us to carry out a sun more quickly, we still have to be very careful ab the order of operation in order to get accurate answers.

we often met problems which have more than one operation, In that case, grouping. eymbole such as brackets, parentheses and braces

can be found. Sometimes however no such symbols can be found.

Grouping the first two numbers together first, we shall:get 8 Grouping the bat two umbers first we shall get 20 Which one 18 correct

(7)

How a Radio Receiver

Radio waves Travel 300,000,000 metres a second,

1th the electromag Field and the electro-

-static field

angles.

extended wire-

can

Intercept part the radio wave. A signal voltage caress. the wire or a coil mduces. a. voltage: The corl is runed by the variable capacitor to select the: desired frequency Small portable, receivers generally have ferrite rod aerials (antennas)

The Ferrite rod serials

transi-

any:

Li is tuned to the desired station by VC1. Signal voltage resemble the modulaced: wave. The diode rectifies the negative. halves am produces a demodulated wave. Capacitor C1 helps smooth the rádio Frequency peaks to produce the audio output. This could be heard with headphones, but as a rule will pass to an amplifier:

Superhet:

Nearly all receivers are superhets. Superhet is abbreviated from 'supersonic-heterodyne In a superhet, an oscillator generates a signal which is made to beat with, or heterodyne, sig- mals tuned in This produces à fixed frequency which passes. to. an amplifier (T-F)with Fixed tuned circuits. This frequency; is -still above. audibility. The device for this purpose is call. ed frequency changer, mixer, Transistor Frequency. Changed

DO

To prevent confussion, it is universall agreed that in performing mathematical

Operation, we

1) Carrying out multiplications and

divisions first, in the order left to right.

2) Carrying out additions and subtrad-

tion, after operations of multiplication and division. (Also in the order from left to the rigut }

So, in the above example, should be 20.

the correct answer

ere is another example.

100 5 + 3 x 6

(100 +5)+(3 x6)

240

(2406)

3 × 4 ))

20 18-40

•small coupling winding

stor

by: Supplies ;

are: directive.

They pick up. signals best when an. mas axis; through the windings is at right angles

the direction of the transmitter

To choose a signal in the atmosphere, we tune.a circuit to resonance with it. The resonant uency that at which a signal voltage. is de- veloped across the coll Altering the of the variable condenser in the aer

changes the resonant frequency.

pacity

cincui

With a fixed coil L1, moving VC1 from minimum to maxjmum capacity covers a range of frequencies.. or waveband. One band is about 1,500ke to 600ke (medium waves); for other band, ve. select coils OF

ize and induct

·Selecting diffe

wavebands.

L1 is tuned to the desired transmission. L2 transfers the signals to the base B. L3 is the pscillator

with windings connected ra

re

the collector and

bias.

8. R3 is for

If L1 tunes from 600kc to 1500 kc for medium waves. and the later stages are to operate at 455ke, the L3 tunes from 1055 ke to 1955 kc, The ratio frequencies covered by L1 (1055/7 1955) is smaller than frequencies covered by LT (600/1500) so VC2 is smaller or has a capacitor

in seri

fackets or braces are given in. ation, they should be done fire

¥100 +15+ 18 =100

dansee here that even inside the

the above two rules should also

ad strictly to ensure a correct

Demodulation.

TAMM

Pusting the audible programme into the radio wave is called 'modulation", Recovering the sound from the signal 'demodulation' or ection The action of detection can be plained with a simple circuit:

Some receivers have a radio

before the frequency changer.

ency ampliffer This tuned to the desired. station frequency Valvúe receivers operate in a similar

ranged for valves.

when:signats have been converted to a chosen -fixed Frequency, they pass to the intermediate frequency amplifier. Signals have been convertw ed from radio frequency to this if. Laren they vill become a lower, audio frequency

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