四期星 五四廿月四年九六九一展公年八十五圃民華中 ★教備差
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奚二第張圈第八初月三年巴夏 WA U YAT PO
報日橋
一九六九年中文中學會考試題預習
CC英文中學會考試題預習
數學科
生物科
(廿五)
喬仲强®
(廿五)
BIOLOGY (25)
廖百
第廿四次預習題解答
*#*#
僑
(1)試利用三角函數表,証明园内接正上边形一边:
長,約等於正三角形一边長的一半,又其誤善之百分率着
「证)設如右图,AB0园内接正
七边形的一边,則x= 180°
AB
--== sin 25.13'
R
AB=2Rain 25 43
≈ 0.8680R. 5)
同理可得正三角形一边之長
==ZR x 0.8660=17320 R. (**)
18 = Sy=0.8660R, the
誤差百分率
0.8680R 0.86601
-0.23%
0.8680R
答:誤差百分率為0.23%
(2) In to 3 BAVOOB A§,
BA=OA, ¿PBA=60° 3λ =F
AP约满口咽内接正十边形之 一边。
ZE) TK 0B, I) || OALAB,
(切奌半径垂直於切线)
BB BAZOA, W&LOBA=45′′
m CPB0=60°-45* ==16°
XT OP, BA APBOT.
1⁄2 36 0A=R, htkaku
13 0B=R.
08.
ALPBD
由正弦定律
pín 4BPO
sin LBPO-
OB sin LPBO
OP
PR sin 15
$2mm 15° = 1.4142x0.2588
-0.366v.
14BP0 = 21°29′ 3
但由图中知人BPO為鈍角方合
bx & PDB=180° ~ ( 15° +158°31')=6°29′
TU LAOP = 45°+ 6°29′= 51′ 29′′
但正十边形之
之中心角花萬 360
故AP的為正七边形的一边, (3)設如右图:半狸 0CL AB直径,
《证畢)
十一边形的一边
BP為<ABC之分角线,CE
以B為因心, BC為半径之弧
試証P約為口咽內接正A
(証)詖0园半径R,則由
畢氏定理可得 BC=BP=K.
TO LABC=45, LPBC=22°30′
1 B14 BDLPC, #1 CD=PD=+CP, I LCBD=11°15.
JACBD, CD
m CP=280 sin 11°15′ =2×√RX 0.1951=0.5518R
=sin 11715
·BC
CD=BC sin/115'
Answer to the questions or last week!
write on the line at the right of each statement or question the number preceding the word or expression that best complates the statement ir answers the question.
Ano
(2)
(2)
7′′ (1)
11. (2) 12 (1)
3. (2)
8. (5)
13. (1)
(4)
9. (4) 10. (2)
141 (3):
15. (3)
II. Describe, with the help of diagrams, the
structure of a human kidney, and give a short account of its function.
In man the kidney is a bean-shaped organ, and is about four inches in length. It is situated in the lumbar region, and is near the side of the vertebral colum. A kidney springs a tube, the ureter, which carries the urine to the urinary bladder; from the bladder arises and ther tube, the urethra. At its origin the ureter de much dilated and thereby forms the pelvia of the kidney. The fleshy mass of the kidney is divided as the pyramids, the pointed ends of which đáp into the pelvis. Each of these pyramida is a collection of tubules which, after uniting, empty by a quot at the apex of the pyramid into the' pelvis of the kidney.
A structural and functional unit of the kidney is called nephron. It begins as a blizia tube in the cortex of the kidney. The blind and La modified in a special manner so as to give. rise to the Malpighian Corpuscle. We may describe this corpuscle as being formed by the invagination of the blind end of the tube; the little sac thus formed is called Bowman's capsule. From this issues the tubule which de à. very devious course; the proximal part is know is the first or proximal convoluted tubule, the distal part as the second or distal convoluted tubule. After many changes in its course and structure and after joining many other similar tubes, it fidally forms the collecting. tubule which empties into the pelvis of the kidney, In the capsule the walls are composed of a single layer of broad, thin epithelial cells, they forming the convoluted tubules are thicker and more cuboidal.
The blood supplying to the kidney is derived from the abdominal aorts by the way of the renal artery. From a small branch of the renal artery in the kidney springe an afferent vessel which enters Bowman's capsule and there. breaks up into a large number of capillaries known as the glomerulus, the inner wall o Bowman's capsule is olusely applied. By uniting with each other, the capillaries give rise to an afferent vessel which leaves the capsule.
The blood vessels of these structures are peculiar in several respects. The efferent vessel is considerably narrower than the afferent vessel which brings the blood to the glomerulus. Soon after leaving the Malpighian corpuscle the efferent vessel breaks up into a second group of capillaries which surround the convoluted tubules, these capillaries discharge their blood into a small vein which is drained by the renal. vein.
1808
=2Ram1b22"
0.5634R
S
(註畢)
(4)若 s為單位园之内接正无边形之一,試證 $
等茶1+瓶-5.並由是説明园内接正九边形的 近似作图法
Fat
(註) S=2R sin 180°-
2x0.3420
pyramid
=0.6840.
-- S==1+√2-√3
(##)
Artery
作法1.作任意直径AOB,
**** CO1 AB.
2. 延長AB至DOD=BC.
£2
12_1+12-13=1+1,4142-1732)=0.682/
-√1+2=√3
Cortex Medulla
Pelvis
Ureter
Renal
artery
Section Through A Human Kidney Malpighian
Convoluted tubule Body
First Second
3. 以D為心,DC為半径
14 3a à ABI PA
4. AP為:因内接正九
边形的一边(近似作法)。
(1)). OB=0C=1, @
(畢氏定理因 OD=BC一瓶)
3. AP=A0+0D-PD=1+55-13(+|¥£>f»)
(5) £30 to 1: AB=AC, AD=CD=CB.
(a)試求LA的度數
(星)AC=4厘米,不許用表,試
求:BC 之長(用根式表示)
(c)利用上面结果,証明
cos 36° — 15+ B sin 18215
4
D
(AE) ÈK «A=X°, §} <ACD=X° ( & AD=CD)
X__ ¿CDB=X+x°=2x° (= ##} si A ¥KwxA40) ·
LCBD=2CDB=2x° ( ~ CB-CD)
X LACB=2ABC=2x′′
在A ABC中,
2x°+2x°—180°
(未完轉入第四張第三页)
Renal
Vein
Renal
Artery
- AB=AC)
C° 36°
3.
Afferent vessel
Descending tubuk
Ascending tubula
Efferent Vessel
-collecting
tubule
Loop of Henle
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Diagram Illustrating Blood Supply To The Renal tubule
The human kidney has three important functions which are illustrated as follows. (a) Filtration's
The glomerulus is permeable to all the materiale such as water, glucose, salts and nitrogenous waste products except the colloi dal blood proteins. Therefore, neary all thei ingredients of the uriñe leave the blood stream by ultra filtration in the glomerulus.) After that, the blood cells and proteins leave the glomerulus by the way of afferent A vessel while the filtrate enters the convoluted tubule.
(b) Reabsorption:
Glomerular filtration is not a selective process. Glucose, amino-acida, imorganto ions and many other useful materials leave the blood slong with urea, other wastes, and enough water. Fortunately the glomerular filtrate undergoes further treatment as it passes down, the tubule. Virtually all of the glucose, amino-acids, inorganic tons and most of the water are reabsorbed, enterning the capil 19ries around the tubule. The various
parts of the tubule reabsorb different materials. In mammal, most of the glucose," amino-acids and water re-enter the blood from the proximal convoluted tubule j additional water molecules are reabsorbed] from Henle's loop and the distal tubule. Inorganic ions are reabsorbed from both the proximal and distal tubules.
(c) Augmentation:
In addition to a selective reabsorption of useful materiale, certain of tubular cells oan secrete wantes into the tubule. Chis, process is known da augmentation.j
Questions for this weeke
E. Write on the line at the right of each statement
or question the number preceding the word or expression that best completda the statement or answers the question.
(an)
1. The region between two nerve cells throug
which an impulse passes is called a (1) sensory neuron (2) motor neuron (3) synapse (4) azon (5) ganglion
2. The autonomic nervous system-controls (1)
digestion (2) hearing (3) seeing (4) thinking (5) walking
2.
3. The largest part of the human brain is the
(1) olfactory lobe (2) cerebrum (3) cerebellum. (4) medulla oblongata (5) optic lobe 3. Which of the following is a structural and funotional unit of the nervous system? (1) cell body (2) brain (1) spinal cord. (4) reflex aro (5) neuron
A bundle of axons is called a (an) (1) nerve. (2) white matter (3) deadrite (4) nerve fibre (5) axon brush
5.
6. A synapse is found between (1) a motor neuron
and a sensory neuron (2) two neurone (3) .two cell bodies (4) two azon brushes (5) a connective neuron and a cell body.
1. Concentration of carbon dioxide in the blood will stimulate the breathing centre in the (1) cerebrum (2) cerebellum (3) medulla oblongata (4) spinal cord (5) mid-brain
The spinal cord is composed mainly of (1) bone tissue (2) epithelial tissue (3) muscular tissue (4) nerve tissue (5) white matter
8.
Of the following, what are the processes of a nerve cell body? (1) cilia (2) flagella (3) axon brushes (4) dendrites (5) nerve fibres
10. The nucleus of a nerte cell is contained in (1) dendrite (2) cytoplasm (3) cell body (4) ganglion (5) myelin sheath
10.
11. Of the following, which group of cranial nerves
is purely sensory?
2
(1) 1st, 2nd, and 3rd pairs of nerves (2) 1st, 2nd, and 8th pairs of nerves (3) 5th, 7th, and 9th pairs of nerves (4) 3rd, 4th and 6th pairs of nerves (5) 3rd, 4th and 10th pairs of nerves
12. A vagus nerve sende nerve fibres to the heart (2) eyes (3) ears (4) muscles 511mbe
(a) What is reproduction and why is it
necessary?
(b) Give a short account of asexual and sexual
reproduction. Illustrate your answer by giving one example of each type of
Productions in animale,
(II. (a) Explain (i) the origin of a numan embryo,
(ii) how it is fed during development, - (iii) bow it respires during development.y What changes take place in the body of they mother during and after development of the embryo” a
Make a comparison of the parental care of a mammal, a bird and a frog.