二第張七第 日十三月二十年申戊腦夏 WAH KIU YAT PO
1969AFUNZ
地理科
(十五) 劉玉鎮·
(GLOGRAPHY (15)
write an account on each of the following:
(a) Characteristics of Japanese agriculture
(b) Fishing industry of Japan.
Ang.!
(a) Despite its rapid urbanigation and industrializa- tion, Japan is still a nation of feruers; one third of all the working population is engaged i agriculture. The areas devoted to agriculture in Japan are extremely limited, only 16.4% of the total land surface area is in permanent. Cultivation. The greater part of this area is: concentrated in the major lowlands and lesser. coastal plains and intermont basina in which Japan's population is compressed. The largest areas of cultivation are the plains of Kwanto, Nobi, Sendai, Ishikari, Niigata, and the lesser lowlands. The intensity of pressure upon the cultivated areas is reflected in the following characteristics:
1. Small farm size bag
In Hokkaido, the average farm size is 75 acres each farm because of its less denst population and the shorter growing season. southern Japan, the average is 2 acres each farm.
Intensive farming
The available arable land is fully exploited with the maximum care to get the maximum yield per acre. Thus by using chenica. fertilizers more often and selecting better seeds the Japanese farming has become the most scientific in Asia.
Also, many hillslopes laboriously terraced. However, many of them are not fully levelled and without retaining walls that the losses through soil erosion and decreases in water control are significant.
Bouble cropping and multi-cropping
About 1/3 of the total cultivated area in double-cropped. Double-cropping of paddy fie)”” is common south south of the 37th parallel, For reasons of pour drainage the second crop in most cases is usually vegetables though the climatic conditions permit a second crop of rice. Only in a few area's in southern Jaren are two crops of rice grown on one piece of land.
Inter-cropping
A late crop is planted between the rows or an earlier crop so that both can be harvested within a single growing season. This practice is more common on non-irrigatavus land since the second crop seldom can be planted in the paddy fields while they are still wet..
Transplantation
The seed grain is planted in seed bed and then transplanted to larger paddy fields - a practice common to mary wet rice areas of Asia. This practice is important in where the growing season is especially limited for multiple-ropping because when the seedlings are growing in the seed beds, a crop of
egetables or a second crop of grain can be grown in the paddy fields. Meanwhile pest and water control during the critical early period of rice growth is made easier, Irrigation
Since rice is the chief crop, over half of the cultivated land is under irrigation. Even in lowlands, som levelling of the plait into platforms of different heights is necessary so as to allow the water to flow from one peddy field to another (gravity flow) Most of the farms are irrigated by river water obtained by constructing small diversion dama across mountain streams. Some are irrigated by water from reservoirs. In plains where gravity flow is impossible peddle wheels and mechanical pumps or gasoline or «lectric pumps are used.
7. intense fertilization
Common local organic fertilizers consist of human excrement, fish offal, animal manure, straw, and waste materials on the farm. These are insufficient. Previously, Japan used to import soya bean cake from China, chemical or inorganic fertilizers lims nitrates from Chile and phosphates from Christmas Island (Indian Ocean). Today Japan is self-sufficient in the production of nitrogenous and phosphate- fertilizers, and in both cases has a surplus for export. Most potash fertilizer's also are. imported
(b) The importance of fishing industry is substantiat-{
ed by its large annual catch which is over 5 million tons, almost a quarter of the world's fish supply, and fish with other marine products are one of the basic exports of Japan.
There are many factors for such development. First of all, the irregular and indented coastline provides good, natural and sheltered harbours for fishing vessels, such as the Inland Sea. The waters around Japan comprise the greatest fishing grounds of the world. The meeting of the Kuro Sivo and the Kamchatka currents on both coast. encourage the growth of planktons on which fish feed. The forests of fine coniferous and mixed temperate hard woods provide cheap and abundant timber for the building of fishing vessels. The over-populated agricultural lands encourage the people to turn to the harvest of the sea. Besides not being a dairy nor beef producing country, Japan is forced to look seaward for the required vitamins. The local dense population provides,
報日僑華
日期星日六十月二年九六九一层公年八十五國民華中育教儒都
ready markets for the fish caught while other marine food like abalone, dried cuttle fish find ready markets in the Far East and South Fast Asia: It is also necessary for Japan to earn by exporting the surplus to pay for the essential imports of food and raw.mterials.
Coastwise and near-shore fishing accounts
for half of the yield, with the leading items in order as follows: sardines, seaweeds for food. fertilizer, fodder or iodine, salmon, cuttlefish, vallowtail and shellfish.
Deep-sea fishing representa a growing part of the total industry. Sardine, cod, shark, mackeral, are the principal fish. Modern refrigeration has made it possible for Japanese vessels to operate.
at great distance, even along the coast of Alaska and Chile. Floating caneries prepare Large amounts of crab and salmon for export. There is also some whaling, coral and pearl culture and fresh-water fishing in ponds, reservoirs, lakes and flooded paddy fields. Several Japanese whaling ships visit the Antarctic waters.
The fishing grounds around Japan are so intensively exploited that there is soms indica- tion that they may have been "overharvested" and that conservation may be needed,
Draw a map of Southern Japan and name the following (a) the Inland Sea (h) Tokyo, Yokohama, Nagoya Osaka, Kyoto, Kobe, Nagasaki.
Encircle the manufacturing belt with a broken line and shade the four chief manufacturing regions. Describe the four manufacturing regions concisely.
The Kwanto Region
This is the most important industrial area, centreing about Tokyo, but including Yokohama, Kawasaki and Yokosuka. The industrial production. of this region in the pre-war-eriod accounted for 30% of the nation's total and the postwar percentage can be assumed to be higher The development is favoured by (a) coal for power is obtained, 100 miles to the North-east in the Joban fields, (b) H.L.P. is brought down from the mountain"in the west, (c) the dense population. provides labour force, (d) Yokohama as the oversea port of Tokyo is more important as a centre of Coastal trade. Thus cheap transport particularly by Lighters bring imported raw materials easily,
The manufactures of this region are highly diversified. There are light industries such as textile, optical goods, printing and food processing. Due to the Government's plan, heavy industries have also occured. There are also some specializations like the manufacture of fana, cameras, TV sets, refrigerators, washing machines, and automatic rice cookers.
The Kinki region
Kobe This region centres about Usaka and Production in this region is as diverse as in the Kwanto region but there is even greater emphasis on heavier industries although textile spinning in Osaka and weaving in the outlying centres are also basic industries. Shipyards, diesel steam and electric engine plants, steel fabrication plants, textile, breweries, chemical plants and cement plants provide the basic for the regions industrial establishment. This region. is more dependent upon thermoelectric power than in Kwanto. Coal comes almost entirely from northern Kyushu, with occasional shipment from Hokkaido.
Kobe, with a deep water harbour, controls most of the oversea traffic of the region. In 1953 Kobe handied about 35% of Japan's trade. Meanwhile usaka is not so important as it s harbour suffers from silting and dredging is necessary annually. Kyoto, because of her inland location which is a disadvantage for importing bulky raw materials, specializes in artistic handicrafts .g, fine textile, lacquer work, procela in and dyeing
The Nobi Region
This region centres about Nagoya
goya
一九六九車突内学考試題預習
物理科
(+E)
鄧炳恩
『G. 熱之傳播及熱功問答計算題題解 J.設尤c 为宣底下面之温度,则傳入童中
之熟流為H.
0.49 x 70 x (t-100) (*/*}
0.2
但因每分鐘蒸發80 -
水则所需热流為
(秒
10 x 539
H=
60
OH = H, 1
0.49 x(t-/00) x 70
0.2
808539
6:00
60 x 0.49 x(t-100)×70 = 0.2x80 X539
t = 104.2 C
2.41.8200 F #| A IZRISQ,,
Q;=108 x 0.093 x 5
to (#)
投油蕴得之热量為Q元
Q2 = 800 x 0.520 X
=2080 (*)
只覆熱量設為Q則
50+ 2080
=2130(4)
旋螺旋槳所作之功為W则
W=10X 2î × 141
8860 (##)
J = W/Q
8860/2130
4.16 (11/+)
3解設每分鐘3引擎所作之功為W則
W = 1800 x 60 = 108.000 ( F/5) 設此引擎毎分鐘產生熱量為○則
108000
25800 (£15) 4186-
Q1 =
又設每分鐘銅卡計所生之熱量為Q2則
Q2 = 8000X 0.09 x 2 + 5000 x
=11440 (F/S).
故每分鐘损失之熱量設為Q則
Qi - O2
11440
25800
14360 ($15)
☆解此鋁罐之最初溫度為0c著地時温度
225
冰之熔解热為80 卡/克故此鋁罐溫度
4 2 2 5° C H $ · *£** @ N
– (500 X 0.2)7 × 25) +(750 X1 X25)
+(100X80 +100 × 1 × 25)
=31950 (*)
設此鋁罐着地時之動能為En
未完轉入第七張第三頁)
industrial complex is less diverse than that in
kwanto or Kinki. Among the four industrial nodes, this is the only one in which textiles are the most important products. Light industries, especially pottery, also are significant. Other industries include the manufacture of toys, bicycles, clocks and musical instruments. The major electric energy is obtained from the central mountain knot of Honshu Coal comes both from northern Kyushu and Hokkaido, chiefly by water. The coastwise trade of the city is much greater than its oversea trade, much of the latter passing through Kobe on one hand or Yokohama on the other.
The Northern Kynshu Region
ara
unlike the other three, this region is not dominated by any one city, but is characterised by several cities of middle size. These cities
situated near the shores of the Strait of Shimonoseki - Shimonoseki, Moji, Kokuro, Yawata. This region differs from others in that textiles are of slight importance. Heavy industrier predominate and the largest iron a nd steel plant in Japan is located in Yawata. Other major industrial products are cement, chemicals, glass steel fabrication, and machinery although sugar refining, brewing, rice milling, distilling, flour milling are other important industrial functions." Most of the industries depend upon the coal fields of northern Kyushu for fuel. Hydroelectric power is of little importance.
stions for next week: Map Reading.