HONGKONG DAILY PRESS
MEANING INDUSTRIAL
GENERAL
MONOTYPES OF
OF THE CHINESE
CO-OPERATIVES ART, WOOD CUTS
MDM. SUN YAT-SEN
EXPLAINS MOVEMENT
IN ZBW BROADCAST
Mdm. Sun Yat-sen, broadcasting last night over ZBW, spoke on the meaning of the Chinese Industrial Co-operatives move- ment Mdm. Sun spoke with the clarity, sincerity and point which are characteristics of the utterances of one of China's foremost women leaders. She said:
MODERNISTIC
-
Cathedral Hall.
the refugee wished to do some Exhibition At The kind of handicraft work; an addi- tional 10 per cent wished to do spinning and weaving: 30 per cent, to trade or peddle; and 5 per cent to do some kind of medical | or cultural work, .:.
་་
All these people's wishes can be realised through the Industrial co- operatives. Not only are people needed for handicrafts, also people who can organize and manage business. It is perhaps safe to say, in Biblical days, that 16 per cent, or, three-quarters Nine hundred years ago, at the, Whereas Noah. time of the Norman Conquest in built the Arc for refuge against of the refugees can be given work England, the chief Chinese garri- the flood, the present task of by this type of new organization. son officer at Yenan, then defend-providing shelter and a livelihood ing that fortress against the in- for the
multitude whose homes
vasion of the Hal-sha Empire, was have been destroyed, is by no the Hopet borders were organised
пог acute.
His means an easy one.
towns
It
Fifty delightful monotypes of
dosen ex modernistic art and pressive wood-cuts by Miss Erna Freedlander will be on view at St. John's Cathedral Hall today and tomorrow from 10 am to 6 pm. each day in the first solo exhibi- tton of Miss Freedlander's work in the Colony.
The monotypes are reproduc- tions on canvas of studies in oils done on glass or metal and then to canvas, This transferred on
PROMINENT PLACE
a pro-
and
At the exhibition Miss Freed-
lander shows many early attempts by her pupils and explains, the easy interesting method. she em- ploys in teaching art.
complished in Japan. speedily than this change was ac
REFUGEES ORGANIZED
process, which allowes but only Not long ago, 8,000 refugees on
one copy to be taken of each pic- ture, brings out the real effect of and sent to middle shenai and colour Soochow,
and
which Dlumination a scholar from
Now we have a human food. southern Kansu, by the Northwest cannot be made by direct applica- name was Fan Tsun-yen. He be-
Canvas came famous in Chinese history. Millions have become war refugees. Headquarters of the Chinese In- tion of the paints on
Co-operatives. The ex- | surface. nut because of his military de- The tendency has been for those dustrial
the
to flee to the penses for transportation and two fence-successful as It was but from
those from the months training, prior to their rather because of one single re- country, and mark that he made.
villages to crowd into the cities. becoming members of co-operatives. Miss Freedlander is well-known Scholars and intellectuals," he Swinging like a pendulum between did not amount to more than in Hongkong art circles and her sala, "should be the first people the two, they possess no means to forty Chinese dollars per capital. work has always taken in the world to feel sorrow and the start any kind of productive work. These refugees were trained for minent place in local exhibitions. Jast to feel happiness."
The magnitude of this problem spinning, weaving, tailoring, gold The emotions and action in her It, is regrettable that there are can hardly be coped with by or-washing, lumbering, and transport pietures is strongly revealed in the
background with the skill many people who still only com-dinary emergency measures. Even tation work.
Many skilled workers-carpen-feeling that only an artist of In- prehend their own grief and joy the peasant exodus from Honan, But what Fan Tsun-yen said, cer- Hepel, and Shantung, about tenters, brick and tile makers, printernational reputation can pro- tainly expresses what progressive years ago. into the three north-ters, blacksmiths, electricians and duce, mankind has always tried to up-eastern provinces of China, cannot machine shop workers who lost all hold and inculcate. It implies no be compared with the present their belongings and were forced more than a sense of social respon- problem.
to join the refugee camps in
sibility.
Between 1827 and 1939; for three Shanghai, are now llberated as free the rural refugees who workers and members of the co-
His Excellency the Governor is At the present time, in places years,
expected to visit the show to- like Hongkong and certainly in wanted to seek work on the North operatives. Some of them treked
The exhibition will be morrow. the Americas, the privations and Manchurian plain exceeded one for as much as a thousand miles
continued, at the end of the week hardships of war are neither ap-million each year. At that time. through the interior to find work.
at St. Andrew's Church Hall and parent
Nevertheless, the Provincial Governments atid They were on the brink of starva-
provides an opportunity for some the thousands in refugee camps, various philanthropic organizations tion, when they heard of the co- the thousands packed into dwell- did what they could to help. operatives movement and register-really delightful works of art to be were made for ed with the C, 1. C.
viewed. ings where they are fortunate it Arrangementa
The significance of the Chinese they have a shelf on which to greatly reduced railway passages. sleep, and the thousands who At many posts on the way, both Industrial Co-operatives does not sleep lined on the pavements, are on the railway line and the high-le alone in social rehabilitation an ever-present reminder of the way, stations were set up to pro-It also means economic progress
FACTORY LEVEL devastating social conditions on vide food and shelter. In the Some people believe that the pre- Northeast, in the various localities sent war has almost completely the Asiatic mainland..
sent, annihilated China's modern in- Around the West Gate of the old where the refugees were
brasssmith WHOLESALE DESTRUCTION Guild Houses and local Chambers (dustry. They think that China is city of Shanghal, a
with more than the usual ability wholesale of Commerce built camps as tem- on the verge of an industrial re- The unprecedented destruction of factories and houses porary quarters. All this showed s.oration. This view is hardly cor- organised his workers into making in Shanghai and other Industrial that various bodies were genuinely rect. There has not yet been a full-zippers for sports shirts and lum- cities, has thrown hundreds of anxious to help. But what did fledged system of modern industry ber jackets, whistles and spectacle in China. The few cotton mills rims, and electric bell parts.
the which enjoyed a brief but pros- In
streets of thousands of people out of work, they achieve?
many £ perous period during the second chinese city, there are small lock- Bombings and warfare in the From the refugee camp, group half of the last European war smiths with a few machine tools, country districts have inevitably after group of people were sent off began to decline even before the who can turn out fair imitations produced the same situation.
a. contract labour. Some to world economic depression set in of the best modern locks. If these mines, some to lumbering, some what little modern industry there people were to be organised into to clear
ground for cultivation. was in China, was thwarted in co-operatives, and given
inore and some as recruits for agricul- various ways. Indeed there
was capital and training, they would tural labour. It was fortunate practically" an industrial infan. soon ascend from the workshop that they were able to obtain work, ticide.
producion level to the factory But scattered as they were, and
production level. This would pave subject to the prevalling economic
the way to modern industrializa- system as they were forced to be, While there is no modern in-
Custrial system in China, the old tion. they remained poverty-stricken.
handicrafts have gradually been Mast of them were subsequently thrown out of work and eventually neglected. As early as the eighties
of the last century, when became destitute as before.
Scandinavian sinologist made his Good emergency relief work has
way to Slan, to make a stone re- been done by the China Inter-
plica of the famous Nestorian national Famine Relief Commis-
Tablet, he found European needles sion. Engineering works of 'con-
and Japanese beer more than one siderable size, such as well boring thousand miles from the sea coast. for the prevention of drought and
It is evident that from then until dyke building for the prevention now, Chinese handicrafts which of dood, have been planned and have always been an auxillary oc- executed by this Commission.
cupation of the peasants. have Many famine refugees have been been steadily declining, in a few employed in such productive works cases, such as that of indigo, the This is indeed praiseworthy, be hand industry has been absolutely cause it at once helps to prevent tamine and immediately gives wiped out. work to famine refugees.
and
rendered
them homeless.
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Moreover, the present situation,
A has created continuous and whereby there is a virtual blockade huge demand, for manufactured goods in the Interior of China. It is therefore the most propitious moment for the Chinese Industrial Co-operatives. Already, within the brief span of one year, more than twelve hundred
industrial
operatives have been established They are now turning out four million Chinese dollars worth of Boods each month.
It should be pointed out, fur-
thermore, that the present C. I C
movement is quite different in nature from the previous Facing the present situation, China should build up large Lac-operative movement in China. The
Inasmuch as it is an excellenttodes for a modern industrial / first Chinese co-operative was a
relief measure, however. It does
credit co-operative, established in 1925 by the China International Famine Relief Commission. Four Years later, the movement began to spread and to receive the sup-
system, but at the 6271e not help to solve the social time should consolidate the exis problem in the long run. From ting handicraft industries, so as to the viewpoint of cur problem if them to a higher level of pro- today the human rehabilitation duction. Is is not progresalve to of a vast number of war refugee-reduce established large-scale-in-port of the government. Still later, such a scheme has apparently two dustry to small workshops. Neither when the Yangtse flood drove the rich and the usurers out of the shortcomings. First, the type of is it progressive to curb the engineering work undertaken by development
villages, the bankers stepped in to extend rural credit through co- the Commission, can only accom-dustry. modate certain types of people and
It was truly reported that re-operatives. Three years ago, out of a total of twenty-six thousand co- would still leave others unemploy-cently there was a sudden revival ed. Second, this type of engineer- of home industry in France. Some operatives in China, three-fifths was credit co-operatives, and only ing work, in most
cannot French factories dismantled their
TWO POINTS
cases,
of large-scale in-
offer permanent employment to machine tools and remounted them very few productive ones.
those it hires.
4
'n workers' homes in rural districts.
** PERMANENT WORK Not long ago, Henry Ford suggested Specifically, there are two points that & to be stressed as the essential In the light of this, I think theo President Roosevelt
scheme should be devised whereby difference between the previous movement recently started by a group of Chinese and sympathetic factory work should be let out to co-operative movement and the foreign friends-mostly British-is country districts. But such pheno present one, Whereas in the past, the most sound and promising way mena have arisen from causes that the credit extended to the few. to meet the issue, The Chinese do not exist in China. In China, productive co-operatives was never we need to transform pure hand!- adequate to run the business and Industrial Co-operatives is a move-crafts to semi-machine workshops, to enable them to meet the market ment primarily for. human rehabi- litation. It gives suitable work to by way of assisting the establish situation, the present C. I. C, itself. all kinds of people and gives them ment of a modern industrial organizes the production and
handles the marketi | systern. ⠀ permanent work.
Again, the previous co-operative movement was chiefly based upon
Take an ordinary refugee family. Japan was supposed to have The head of the house is usually been industrialised long ago, and between twenty to thirty years yet a considerable number of the operation of credit. Of those
YOUR LIFS for Romance old. He or she may have two or handlooms are still in use. Ten who were benefited by it. less than
THE
MONDAY, DECEMBER 11, 1939. -PAGE S
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This showed that 31 per cent of machine industry in China more.
Continued on Pazo 6
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