1938-05-10

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ROMANTIC

GENERAL

HISTORY OF HISTORY OF CHINA'S

GRAND CANAL

ONCE SERVED EMPERORS WHIM, NOW USEFUL AS BARRIER

TO JAPAN'S MARCH

The sanguinary. hatties in southern Shantung particularly the one recently fought at Talerchwans, have brought into the limelight China's 1,000-mile-long Grand Qana), which is one of the earliest and, In many respects, one of the greatest pieces of engineering work ́evar accomplished anywhere in the world.

Known as the "longest canal in existence," the Grand Canal was built in sections and enlarged from time to time. The beginnings were made in 540 B.C. Today it flows north to south from Tung- chow, in the neighbourhood' of Peiping, via Tientsin and Chinklang near Nanking until it reaches Hangchw, the famous lakeside city' now overrun by the Japanese invaders.

Imperial Canal, so as to facilitate the transportation of food supplies from the fertile provinces in the) South to those in the North,

It was Kublai Khan who sent a naval armada of 4,400 ships and 140,000 men to subdue Japan. A stdden storm, however, sank most of his warships. Thus was saved Japan, which at that time was certainly not strong enough to re- pulse the Mongols. It waj also during "Kublat, Khan's "reign that Marco Polo, the great Venetian | traveller, visited China and resided this 'country for seventeen

years.

IN PRÉ-RAILWAY DAYS In the pre-rallway days, success- ful participants in provincial tests; proceeded to Peking for the im- In Chipese the canal is called ↑ EMPEROR'S FLIKTATIONS perial examination by sailing on the Yun-ho, meaning "transport The twofold temptation was too the Grand Canal. Many stories, river. In the older days it was strong for Yang-ti to resist. How-both serious and romantic, bad named Yuniaing-ho, or the "triever, he disliked travelling over-been written about those, youthful bute-bearing river." Until the end land because while on the way he aspirants for official posta during of the 19th century, it was a prin- would have been compelled to re-their voyage northward

on the cipal inland waterway whereby main, idle insofar as his flirtation Canal Their favourite rendezvous surplus food supplies in the south-with his hosts of imperial consorts naturally was Yangchow which. until the turn of the present cen- ern provinces were sent northward and concubines was concerned, to replenish the imperial granaries Some one at his court suggested {tury, boasted of having the mast in the North.

that the numerous canals between charming girls in the country At least two famous Chinese em the Yellow River and the Yangtse

SKIRTS MANY CITIES perors figured in the history of the be linked up so that Yangchow Talerchwang, in southern Shan-ı Grand Canal. The first one was could be reached by boat. The 'tung, where the Chinese scored a Yang-ti of the Shut Dynasty (590 suggestion was accepted. whereby big victory over the Japanese in- 620 A.D.). Yang-ti, an intelligent thousands upon thousands of la-vading army on April 7, stands on ruler, lived between, 605-818 A.D.bourers were pressed into the task the northern bank of the Grand He reached the throne through and an untold amount of money Canal, which crosses the Yellow parricide and through the murder was expended. Finally the people River at Acheng, in southern of his elder brother.

revolted against 'the crushing levies (Shantung, and thé mighty Yangtse both in men and money.

at Tangchow and Chiakiang. TANG DYNASTY

All the way down from Tung-

VIOLENT TEMPER

A man of violent temper Yang- ti gave himself to extravagance

At the head of the revolting chow east of Peiping to Hangehow and debauchery. He squandered | forces was Li Yuen, one-of Yang-on the Chientang River in Che-: Immense sums in his palace andt's ablest generals. After repeat-klang, the Grand Canal skirts a pleasure grounds. After havinged defeats Yang-ti fled to Yang-number of cities. Among them moved his capital from Changan, chow, which by that time had been may be mentioned Tientsin, Tsang- now Stan in Shensi, to Loyang in converted into a splendid pleasure- (chow, Tehchow, Tsining. "Han- western Honan, he ordered an ex- place. In 618 A. D. he was asans-chwang, Tierchwang, Yangchow, tension of the system of canais then | sinated. Two years later, the Chinklang, Soochow and Kashing. existing from the Yellow River to House of Shut collapsed in favour Practically every one of them has the Yangtse.

of Li Yuen and the latter's, son 14 been mentioned one time or an- According to the popular version, Bhik-ming, founders of the great other in news dispatches as having Yang-ti's order was not prompted Tang Dynasty which ruled from been centres of hostilities since by the desire to improve water 1820 to 907 A.D.

last year: communication between various The second emperor who played The completion of the Tientsin- parts of his empire. Instead, hejan important part in the construc- Pukow Railway in 1912, which did it entirely out of a selfish motion of the Grand Canal was runs parallel to it in a general tive. Once he heard that the city. Shitau of the Yuan Dynasty (1280 north to south direction, has de- known as prived 'the Grand, Canal of much of Yangchow on the Yangtse, near 1368AD). Better present-day Nanking. had two un, Kublai Khan, Shitsu was really an of Its early importance and pros- usual attractions. namely. the alien ruler. Els court (1280-1295 perity. Though neglected beauty of his women and the AD) was magnificent. After hav-forgotten for the past many years, growth of an indescribably magni-ing settled down in Peking, now the Grand Canal has come back Acent and flagrant flower called Peiping, and made it his capital. to its own by providing a natural chun, which blossomed only once Kablal Khan - reconstructed the barrier at many places for the in many years.

Grand Canal, then known as the gallant Chinese forces.

'and

TUESDAY, MAY 10, 1938. -—PAGE 3

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