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CABLES
SATURDAY, MARCH 26, 1938.
PREMIER REVIEWS FOREIGN POLICY
PACKED PARLIAMENT EAGERLY BRITAIN TO
LISTENS ΤΟ
BUILD BIG SPEECH WARSHIPS LENGTHY SPEECH
"NO ADDITIONS TO COMMITMENTS," WILL FOLLOW US.
DECLARES MR. CHAMBERLAIN
Rearmament
Rearmament Must Now Have First
Priority In The
THE position of the League of Nations.
The new situation arising from the recent events in Austria, and in particular the position of Czecho-Slovakia.
The British attitude to the recent Soviet initiative.
Nation's Effort
THE definition of Britain's commitments and the Government's inability to make any addition to
them.
The situation in Spain and the Anglo-Italian conversations in relation thereto.
The acceleration of Britäh rearmament.
THESE WERE THE MATTERS reviewed by the Prime Minister (Mr. Chamberlain)' in his eagerly awaited statement at the beginning of the debate on foreign affairs in the House of Commons tonight. His speech was listened to by a House crowded in every part...
A similar statement was made by the Foreign Secretary (Lord Halifax) in the House of Lords.
14
At the beginning of his statement, Mr. Chamberlain described it as a statement on "the attitude of Ilis Majesty's' Government as affected by recential basis of British foreign policy remained unchang. in contra-distinction to policy, since the fundamen events in Europe," insisting on the word attitude ed in the maintenance and preservation of peace and the establishment of a sense of confidence that peace would. In fact, be maintained.
Judgment On German Action
THE PREMIER REMINDED the Bouse that His Majesty's Government had already placed on record
The consequences of that action remained the judgment on the German action in Austria.
there had been a profound disturbance of international confidence.
Accordingly. His Majesty'a Government had given special attention to this matter and in particular had fully considered whether the United Kingdom, in addition to the obligations of the Covenant and the Lo- carno Treaty, should, as a fur- ther contribution to preserving peace in Europe, undertake new and specific commitments, and in particular such a com- mitment in relation to Czecho- Slovakia
The existing commitments of His Majesty's Government were first the defence of France and Belgium acalust unprovoked
aggression under the Locarno Treaty and secondly the treaty obligations to Portugal, Iraq and Egypt.
Thirdly, there was the Coven- ant obligation and Mr. Cham- berlain cited the definition of the position by Mr. Anthony Eden when the latter, as For- eign Secretary, said "In ad- dition our armaments may be used in bringing help to a vic- tim of aggression in any case our judgment it where in would be proper under the
the provisions of
League Covenant to do so."
"Stand By Declarations”
THE PREMIER WENT ON to say that “His Majesty's Govern- ment would stand by these declarations. They have acknow- ledged that, in the "present circumstances, the ability of the League to fulfil all the functions it originally contemplated is feduced, but this is not to be interpreted as meaning that His Majesty's Government would, in no efrcumstances, intervene with a League member "for the restoration of peace or the maintenance of international order if the circumstances were such as to make › It appropriate for them to do so.
."
"And I cannot but feel that the course and development of any dispute. should such un- happily arise, would be greatly influenced by the knowledge that such action as it may be in the power of Great Britain to take, will be determined by "His Majesty's Government of
the day in accordance with the - principles laid down in the Covenant," he declared.
Mr. Chamberlain proposed two further possibilities-as- surance to France of the full support in case of her action under her treaty with Czecho- slovakia.br declaration of in- terference with the indepen-" dence and Integrity of Czecho- Blovakia.
Arguing that both involved the removal of the final issue of peace and war from the discretion of the British Gov- vernment. the Premier sald that the position is not one which His Majesty's Govern- ment could see their way to accept in relation to the area where their vital interests are not concerned in the same de- gree as they are in the case of France and Belgium.
"It certainly is not a post- tlon that results from the Covenant. For these reasons His Majesty's Government feel themselves unable to give the prior guarantee suggested."
Wide Effects Of War
CONTINUING, MR. CHAMBERLAIN said, “while plainly stating this decision I would observe this, Where peace and war are concerned, legal obligations are not alone involved, and if war bruke out it would be unlikely to be confined to, those who have assumed such obligations. It would be quite impossible to say where it might end and what Governments might be involved. weven, devoted to the same ideals of democratic liberty uphold determined to
the
"Inexorable pressure of facts might well prove more power- ful than formal pronounce- ments and in that event it would be well within
that bounda of. possibility other countries besides those which were parties to the original dispute would almost entirely be involved.
"This is especially true in the case of two countries like Great Britain and France with long associations of friendship and interests closely inter-
and
them."
In reference to the Anglo- Italian conversations; the Pre- mier said that they had been carried a considerable distance and the results were full of encouragement to those who, like His Majesty's Govern- ment, regarded appeasement in Europe as the objective to which the efforts of all men of
should be directed.'»
Just before the conversations were opened the Italian Govern- ment informed Britain of their acceptance of the formula for the withdrawal to volunteers from Bpain and the granting of beligerent rights to the two parties involved in the Spanish civil
wir.
Such a case, Mr. Chamber- lain, remarked parenthetically, might include Czecho-Slovakia and he further cited Mr. Eden as follows:
"I use the word 'may' de- liberately, since in such an in- "stance there is no automatic obligation to take military ac- tion. It is, moreover, right that this should be 80, for nations cannot be expected to incur automatic military ob- ligations save for areas where their vital interests are con- cerned."
EXAMPLE-INVOKE. TREATY CLAUSE
London, March 24.
There is reason to believe that Britain, like the United States, has decided to invoke the escalator clause of the London Naval Treaty in the face of Japan's refusal to furnish detalls of her naval build- · Ing programme.
The treaty requires that a period of three months shall elapse after the escalator clause has been in- voked before the new tonnage is laid down, and the actual size of the new British and American battleships probably will not be settled until this period for con- sultation opens,
France at present is not anxious to embark on heavier battleships tonnage, bat ber Anal attitude is Ifkely to depend on Germany and Russia.
The Soviet attitude is most im- purtant, writes Reuter's diplomatic correspondent. because should Moscow decide to increase the size of battleships for use in Far Eas- term waters, Germany might feel -bound to build up to them, thereby involving an increase in French tonnage (Reater).
Conscription Adopted In Channel Is.
London, March 25, Adoption of a system of com- pulsory military service to the British Channel Islands was do cided by the local parliament yes-
terday.
The chief islands are Jersey,
Sark Guernsey, Alderney,
and Herm, with a total population of 100,000 persons. The oficiat language. 13 French. (Trans-- ocean):
Withdrawal From Spain
Mr. CHAMBERLAIN had impress-they had repeated the "declaration ed upon the Italian Govern- which they made some time ago.
had no territorial ment the necessity, if the conver- that Italy sations were to succeed, not only political or economie aim in Spain that they should lend whatever or in the Balearic Islands. help they could in bringing into "His Majesty's Government places operation the withdrawal plan, but full reliance upon the intention that in the meantime the situation of the Italian Government to in Spain should not be materially make good these assurances. altered by Italy sending fresh They believe that with the spirit. reinforcements.
of mutual confidence which both
It had never been demanded or Governments are addressing them- expected that the Italian Govern-selves to the task it will be pos- ment should effect a. unilateral sible through these conversations withdrawal and he thought it to reach a complete agreement.” right to say that during these last said Mr. Chamberlain. weeks, while the conversations had In the course of his statement, been proceeding. His Majesty's the Premier announced the de- Government were satisfied of the clsion of the Government that Irr fulfilment by the Italian Govern- the present circumstances the ment of the conditions which had acceleration of the existing plans for rearmament had become es- been indicated to them.
The Italian Government had sential, especially as to the Royal now again asserted their willing- Air Force and anti-aircraft de- the fences. Rearmament work must loyally to assist in execution of the British plan and, now have first priority in what was perhaps more important,' nation's effort.
ness
Increase In Production
Mr.. CHAMBERLAIN
الله
the
then des- In another passage Mr. Chain- cribed the approach made to berlan said "So far as Czecho- the employers and workers in the Slovakia is concerned now is the
when
resources of industries affected, with the view time to their making the necessary ar- diplomacy should be enlisted in rangements, as the result of which the cause of peace. His Majesty's he expressed the expection that Government will take note of, and the volume of production would in no way under-rate the previous be substantially increased.
assurances given by the German The Premier defined the attitude Government as to their attitude. On the other side they have ob- of the Government to the Soviet proposal for an early conference. served with satisfaction that the of Czecho-Slovaklá He said it appeared to involve less Government
to are addressing themselves to the consultation with the view settlement than the concerting of practical steps that can be taken the framework of the action against an eventuality within
Czecho-Slovak constitution to which had not yet arisen.
the meet the reasonable wishes of the The Soviet proposal, in opinion of His Majesty's Govern- German minority.
His Majesty's Government will. ment, would aggravate the ten- dency towards the establishment at all times, be ready to render of exclusive groups of nations any help in their power towards which must be inimical to the the solution of questions likely to
cause dumculty between the Ger prospects of European peace.
In the meantime there is no need to assume the use of ferce or indeed talk about it.
There were several references to man and Czechoslovak Govern- Czecho-Slovakia in the Premier's ments. statement In addition to those in connection with commitments.
'Speaking of the relations of the
and Such talk 1 to be strongly de- Czecho-Slovak Government German minority, he said the precated. Not only can it do no solution of this question, if it good, it is bound to do harm by could be achieved, would go far to Interfering with the progress of re-establish a more formal situs-diplomacy and increasing the feel- tion over a wide area than thehings of insecurity and uncertainty,
the{British: Wireless) 2 Immediately concertied, "