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Get the world's good news daily through THE CHRISTIAN SCIENCE MONITOR
An International Daily Newspaper Published by
THE CHRISTIAN SCIENCE PUBLISHING SOCIETY One, Norway Street, Boston, Massachusetts Regular reading of THE CHRISTIAN SCIENOL MONITOR is considered by many a liberal education. Ita./clean,
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HONG KONG DAILY PRESS, TUESDAY, MAY 25, 1937.
SYNTHETIC RUBBER
TRIUMPH FOR CHEMISTRY
Britain's New Industry
Airliners In Production
Five of the new 20-ton landplane gers, and weighing more than 20 airliners designed and built by the tons fully laden and operational Armstrong Whitworth company for cruising speed may be nearly three Imperial Airways are well on the miles a minute, The four Bidde- way to completion. The first maley Tiger IX air-cooled moderately chine is confidently expected to super-charged engines provide air take the air for trial flights before | aggregate of 3,400 hp. They give the end of June, and procuction is ample power reserve; with full planned, so that. Its sister craft will load, on board, any three of them follow it at brief Intervala.
will maintain the aeroplane in
At present the Armstrong Whit-level fight at heights of "up to worth works at Hamble; on South- 12,500 feet, and any two up to 4,- Much Interest has been aroused ampton Water, is entirely devoted 000 feet. Fuel tanks built into the in commercial, scientiic, and into fulfilment of this big civil con- wings are large enough to enable dustrial circles by the recent an-
tract, which calls for delivery of lights of a thousand miles to be nouncement that synthetic rubber
no fewer than fourteen of these made non-stop against a constant is to be manufactured on a con-
largest and fastest landplane air-40 m.p.h, headwind. siderable scale for the first time in
Liners yet ordered anywhere in the LESSENING HEAD RESISTANCE this country.
world, for early operation of re- gular services: Little more than twelve months ago, the site of the factory was occupied by an office building. a large barn and green Belds. Seven workmen were on
The new material, whose chief compounds are coal, limestone, and rock salt, is to be called "neoprene.” and its production is to be in the hands of Imperial Chemical Indus-
tries, Ltd. An exhibition showing
the various uses to which neoprene can be put has coincided with the publication of the first book on the subject, "Synthetic Rubber." by Dr. W. J. 9. Naunton, in which the head of the rubber laboratories of ICI., Limited, has described the history of Man's many attempts to And a substitute for what is to- day, probably, his most hard-work- ed commodity.
Perhaps a "supplement" rather than a "substitute" would be a more accurate way of describing the function of artificial rubber. for, as Dr. Naunton said in in interview with a representative of the Observer, "a most important thing to remember is that synthe- tle rubber is "not" intended to re- place natural rubber at all. That is quite a wrong idea. It is making possible an extension of the whole vast rubber field. There are many purposes for which rubber is ad- mirably suited, but, on the other
hand, there are an enormous hum- ber of uses to which it is being put to-day Just because it
comes nearest to fulfilling the specific re- quirements.
HAPHAZARD DEVELOPMENT "Take a motor-car tyre nuw There's a case in point. Rubber practically always in contact with oll, which, as everyone knows, has an extremely detrimental effect on it. But there you are, A new
demand arose which could be met most nearly among the materials available by rubber. It is a good example of the entirely fortuitous way in which rubber has come to be used to-day in so many things -because there was nothing better at the moment of demand.
con-
"The trouble has been," tinued Dr. Naunton, "that in the past there has been no chance of Individaul development at all. Chemical firms wouldn't spend the money. Between eighty to a 100.. 000 tons of natural rubber, came into this country every year, yet if we could only develop a market of a thousand tons of the synthetic stuff we should have a commercial field which would immediately give us opportunities for studying those | special cases of application which are absolutely essential to the pro- per development of the artificfol rubber Industry. That has been vur trouble-lack of practical ex- |perience. That, and the lack of funds inevitable, of course, until you get a turnover on your pro- 'ducts.
SUPPLIES IN WARTIME
Then there is another way of looking at the question. Suppos- ing we were at war. All our rub- ber is imported from the Far East. Would it be a good thing to have to rely on the safety of that long Bon passage for our supplies? Re- member, it takes saven year to grow a crop-seven years to 17- erence your supply to meet the de- mands of war. Why, the war would
be over long before any- thing could be done about it! With synthetic rubber an extra supply could be got, as fast as the engineers could put up the plant for making.it."
#
"Is synthetic chemistry going to help us like this in other ways in the immediate future, d'you think? "Well, I think there's a general tendency to replace natural pro- dqets by artificial ones, and the whole fteld is bound to enlarge. There's a lot in what Kettering. the Director of Research to Gener- al Motors, said In an address he made when he asked his audience whether it was соп- ceivable tht the rubber tree was thinking of the motor tyre when it was secreting its latex or the silkworm of the lady's stockings as it spun its thread? We've always taken what we've found to hand and tried to make it do.. But it's a fundamental mistake. It's like fitting square pegs into round holes. The ideal thing is to de- cidé first of all what it is you really need and then to discover a pro- duct which will exactly full those demanda"
The undercarriage is astonish ing. It is the biggest retractile undercarriage yet butit; each of its two units consists in massive metal struts holding a single rubber-
the pay-roll. To-day, an immense tyred wheel Special tyres, mea- suring 75 inches in diameter and workshop. with immense steels doors, is a hive of industry, where. 26 inches in width, were built for more than seven hundred men are the purpose. The retracting me- busy on building the new airliners.chanism is hydraulically operated: Another large extension of the the rear strut of each leg is de- to fold and the wheels works is rapidly taking shape. In signed its way, the achievement is as im- travel upwards and backwards into recesses in the inboard engine pressive as, the unprecedented: ex- pansion of British military air-fairings behind the main plane craft factories that has followed spar. When fully retracted, about remaina the demands of Royal Air Force one-third of the wheel rearmament, and indicates
the exposed. Raising the wheels takes capacity of the Hawker Siddeley 1 minutes and lowering them, 50 group, in which Armstrong Whit-seconds. worth is now merged, to cope with Commissioning of the Ensign Jarge commercial as well as mili- monoplanes will mark a further stage in development and use by fars contracts..
Imperial Airways of four-engined IMPRESSIVE FEATURES
airliners Recent American state- Impressive features of the new ments, halling as a spectacular airliner in its present state are new step forward in commercial the gleaming monocoque metal air transport the decision of United fuselage, reminiscent of an
air-States airline companies to buy ship in shape, and its beautiful four-engined craft sounds strange- ex-ly in Great Britain, where the nes unmarred by a single crescence along the whole 114 feet bulk of the equipment of the na- of its length from nose to tail, and tional air transport company for the single main spar, a massive the past seven years has consisted cor in four-engined airliners. Imperis! built-up box rugated light alloy sheets which Airways have pursued a consistent spans rio less than 127 feet and policy, favouring the four-engined looks more like a main structural | airliner, "since the first Handlev member of a great metal bridge | Page" HP. 42 landplanes and Short than part of 2.11 acroplane. It Sciplo flying-bants were ordered. carries all of the main loads. Im-Including twenty-eight Short fy
the wings, which are ing-boats and twelve of the Arm- posed on bulit up around it and covered with strong Whitworth craft now in metal forward and fabric aft. construction, the latest list of the Maximum speed of the new craft Imperial Airways ficet comprises may reach 210 miles an hour-an sixty-nine four-engined machines, excellent figure for a transport and only seven, with two or three plane carrying up to forty passen- engines.
#
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