Page
HONG KONG DAILY PRESS, SATURDAY, SEPTEMBER 5, 1936.
Manchuria's Big Railway
TWO THOUSAND
MILES OF NEW LINES
Cost More Than £6,000,000
Building Lasted
4
Over Three Years-
The completion of the Linkou-Hulin branch of the Mutanchiảng railway system in Man- churia a few days ago brings to virtual fruition Japan's Five Year Transportation plan on the continent about eighteen months ahead of a programme laid down in 1932, but actually launched very late in that year and given its full movement in the Spring of 1933.
in three and a half years more ed by the U.S.S.R. This formed the than two thousand miles of rail-crusspiece of a letter T ( Agure
About way have been completed twenty separate lines go to make up the toral. The Japanese mili tary and economic staffs now can view with considerable satisfaction a series of land communications adding up to 5,720 miles, serving the about 800,000 square miles of Lerritory. all intercommunicating, touching every main iposition through which the new state might be attacked, opening to trade and most remare dis- Commerce the tricta.
6
230 miles (part) Chinhslen-Jehol line
338 miles Tumen-Mutarchtang Line
"
248 miles (more than admitted) Pelan-Hesho Line
136 miles
Palchengtuz-Solum Line
82 miles (more than admitted), Hsingking-Paichengize Line
320 miles Yehpaishu-Chihfeng Line
148 miles Linkow-Mishan Line
183 miles more than admitted) Nanmutanchiang-Linkow Line
110 miles Hainking-Harbin Line
"
tion
to
Feat
ACTIVITIES
distance from the Vladivostock all- TROTSKY'S POLITICAL was. The other branch proceeds north to Poll and further construc-
completed 4s nearly Chlamussu on the Sungar! River. their where the Japanese have great colonial settlement. AGRICULTURAL DEVELOPMENT Turn next to the centre of North Manchuria with Tsitsihar and Har- bin as the bases. In 1932 a Une ran north from Harbinte Haltun, Another meandered north from Taltsihar to Ningnien. The Japa nese carried the project over by
two to make the Joining
a semi-circular connection between the two large cities, with Pelan
Norwegian Government Refute Charges Of Neglect
Oslo, Sept. 4. In response to the, steps taken recently by the Soviet Russian Minister to Norway here, concern- ing the political activities of Trot- sky in international political af- fairs, the Norwegian Foreign Office handed the Russian Minister an alde memoire, declaring that the Norwegian Government was unable to perceive how it had made itself at fauls through neglecting to pre- rent activities being undertaken on i this schemets soft prejudicial to the safety of
the Soviet Russian State. agricultural development in the first instance, because it tra- verses one of the richest territor | tutes all charges of this nature.
the
от top
The object
was
the sweep.
les in the whole country. But when it was considered necessary to have a method of putting troops up to a point opposite the Soviet city of Blagovestschensk a line was car- Tahelho. from Pelan to ried our At the same time an extension was made from Ningnien on the Tait sihar-Peian circuit to Nonchiang. This will be furthered to Helho, giving two services to that city on the Amur River.
the
The Norwegian Government re-
Ever before the protest ratsed by Boviet Russian 'Minis- the ter, Trotsky had been put, under. such strict guard that he was vir- tually cut off from the outer world, was The Norwegian Government not aware at the time that' Trataky had violated his promise not to un- dertake political activities while in Norway.
The Norwegian Government 'em- phasises that even if Trotzki had had anything to do with the mur der of Kirov, this was when he was murder not yet in Norway, the having taken place in December 1934, while Trotsky arrived in Nor- Way in July 1995.-. Transocean News Service
invariably employed by those who describe Manchurian railways). The upright of the latter was the north and south line from Harbin 10 Dairen on the sea, right at the tip of Kwangiang Peninsula. these maln stems were johned several Important branches, one leading off to link with the Korean Railways, a short route to Japan, another running south and west from Mukden to Peking. One of the handicaps to efficient operation was the barrier against interchange u: rolling stock. There were really An idea at the disposition of these railways, their magnificent three railway systems, each moe strategic balance. may be obtain-pendent of the other and each ex-
hand. ed by placing the right fingers and thumb outstretched, on the map of Manchuria, the palm covering Kwantung Leased Territory, the southern peninsula which, leased to Japan by China. Territory, effect Japanese is in The Angers and thumb. show the principal rallway avenues pene- rating the country, the little An- Ker on the East, pushing up towards Harbarovsk, Russia's strong point in Siberia, the thumb curving down into mountainous Jehol, the three remaining digits representing the Japanese cars could be connected rets from potiential' enemies but to covered going west from Hsinlitun Poland, Japan, Italy, Chile, China,,
Clusive.
H
The Soviet railway in the nortis had a broad gauge and a type of car and locomotive that could no be operated elsewhere in the coun- try. Possibly the Russians were Laking wise 'precautions against the habit of confiscation in China. The South Manchuria Raliway rolling
not be used stock could
on the Russian lines. The Chinese rali-
an independent
ways had
car-
coupling. Neither the Soviet nor
with these trains.
240
miles (Reconstruction)
various other
and
250 miles.
units
Next we run down to Hsinking (Changchun) to And that a ling has been flung across to the west via Fuyu to join up with Taonan. furnishing an added bridge be- tween the two central north and south lines. From Taonan same thrust has been carried on to the far west through Solun "to the famous hot springs of Hu- anehrshan on the southern spurt of the Hsingan range. a very import- Some of these lines were partly ant strategic road as it enables the bulit when the programme was Japanese to put troops on the frontie If we launched. Others have been added Outer Mongolian that do not appear on the om- follow the Taonan-Ssupingkal line list. For instance, there down to the south we come to Tal- cial is more mileage, due to the exten-i pingthuan whence another branch Fast the, goes off to the west to Lupei, still ston of these branches points indicated, on the most re-another finger towards Outer Mon- cent maps. The reason for with goils. holding the folal mileage is not entirely a futile effort to keep sec-
I
As a consehold the announced programme
within conservative mits. quence of all these. passengers and treight had to be transferred at
atural junction, polate, such Changchan. Supingkat and Muk-
possiblity.
48
in hand,
IMPORTANT LINKS
The Hsinking-Tumen Railway is
main
Again proceeding south on the Taonan line a new railway is dis-
to Vinchou on the Jehol line, af- fording an alternative approach 10 that mountain railway.
JEHOL LINE
The Jeho Line is a magnificent enterprise. throwing open to the world the historic province through which the Japanese made dramatic motor and cavalry
on
their cash
Work
to
PARTY CONGRESS AT NUREMBERG
Chancellor Hitler Issues Invitations
Berlin, Sept. 4. The Fuehrer and Reichs Chan- cellor has, as usual, issued invita-
tions to the Chiefs of the Foreign Missions to attend this year's Party Congress in Nuremberg as his per- sonal guests.
Among those who have accepted. were the Ambassadors of Turkey,
Braat, the Ministers for Sweden. Bolivia, Egypt, Peru. Roumania. Argentine, Greece, the Irish Free State, Finland, Portugal, Columbia, Uruguay. South Africa) Cuba, Iran, Iraq. Latvia, Latvia, Afghanistan, Yugoslavia. Hungary, Nicaragua. the
Dominican Repubilc. ine Charges D'Affairs of Guatemala, Panama, Ecuador, Bulgaria, Es- thonia, Venezuela, Lithuania, Den- mark, Czechoslovakia. Mexico. Switzerland, Austria.
As in previous years. the diplo- mats will be accommodated In^a-{ paricur train which will leave, Ber- in on September 8.- Frances News Service.
GUILD HALL IN LATVIA
main north and south line from Däiren up to Tainelho opposite another strong Blagovestchensk, Soviet base, the Taonan system from Yingken to Tsisthar and be- yond, tho. Mongolian iine into Hu-den. Through trains were an im- one of the most important strate-)
The three indepen-gic links. It runs, east from the Janehrshan on the way to Forbid-
dent railway groups were jealous capital, which sits on the den Urga. Were a cord to be in-
to the point that they would lose north-and-south S.M.R. Line, with terwoven between these outspreadi
money rather than help each other.tidewater on the Korean Coast. It Angers an Impression would be
Russia wished to keep its foreign existed from Hsinking to Kirin and of occupation in 1933. The railway obtained of the connecting lines
traffe for Vladivostock; the Chin-Tunhua before the Japanese took starts from Chinhkien, gogs north binding the trunk systems into a
over. Extension had long been to the Pelplão coal Belds and then web of railways. All of them giveese railways were designed to have
Independent outlets at Hulutao vistoned and to rapid was the con- slightly south of west to the capl- Access to tidewater in dve ports,
and Yingkou. thus avoiding the struction work that first trains ran at city of Chengte, itself sombe- one of these all-and-ship harbours the Japanese port of Dairen wher-over the route from Hsinking to times known as Jehel; or Hot River. the product of the Five Year trans.
ever possible; Japan led everything Rashin on the Japan Sea two years Chinfeng in the same province is port plan.
to Dalech.
aga. The engineers had to cope laken in with a branch line r3 with enormously difficult problems ning off from Yehpaishou.
still another -timber, marsh, mountains, rivers a proceeding and every variety of natural ob- strand of the net from Chifeng to stacle. Kirin Province was à ban- Kallu and thence back again dit country.
Political problems Tungilao. All these south-western were of some consequence a re- 3ystems converge on tidewater at gotiations had to be carried on Yingkou and Hulutao besides hav with the, Korean Government to ing direct connection with take over the section that runs, by trunks in the heart of Manchüria:
Riga, Sept. 4. two lines, through the narrow strip Ssupingkal, the junction city or
Latvian newspapers state that separating the Tumen River from the main line of the S.M.R: now the sea. And when it came to claims attention. A new railway the Latvian Council of the Cham- choosing a port, Rashin or Seishin, has been bullt east from there to her of Industries and Trade came the administration came up against connect with the Mukden-Kirin to the decision that alternations the rivalries of those two places, railway. Close to where it hits the were to be undertaken on the old 2) Assisted Manchuria 10 pur- which had to be composed by Kirin line, at Metho, still another Guild Hall, but it is stresssed that the appearance of miles an hour and at some points chase from Soviet Russia the en-building a connecting railway. So project has been built south to the outward Touches ninety
tire. Chinese Eastern Railway cor- there are two ports instead of one.
Chian on the navigable Yalu river priceless historic relic, will not be poration, and added the whole of although Rashin is the main one. running down to tidewater in the changed. only walls in the cellar. whote removal will allow much The harbour had to be bullt, or Bay of Korea. it to the State railways:
greater public meetings will be commenced, "for it will take yeare
taken down. It will be remember- to fully develop the place.
ed that the "Minister Hall" went over into the possession of the Chamber of Industries and Trade
GENIUS OF ACHIEVEMENT
INDEPENDENCE The genius of this spectacular
Taking this situation that Japan can achievement is move troops to any Chid-Mongol- after it had established complete Soviet fronter by a multitude of domination of the country and had routes. centralized. standardized, l'assisted the State to announce in- modernized to
that dependence, the Japanese made # degree would astound people. Inclined these moves: 10 regarded the. East 25 lag- 1) Consolidated all the Chinese ging behind Western production railways into a government group The modernity of the development managed by a special board called,
can be understood by cne example, the General Direction of State the operation on the central lines Railways, a South Manchuria Rali- of Asia's famous streamlined train | way subsidiary; which makes an average of 72
As the railways existed in 1932 when Japan, began its spectacular "xpansion, there were 3,705 miles
3) Linked up the South Man- of track. The latest official report churie rollways with the State admita 5520 miles, but several comines at all potrits of contact and pleted. and partially constructed standardized equipment,
But as the line and its satel
lite ports stand now, Japan nas
the
VAST. IMPROVEMENT
Thus we have a general review of the new construction. But no
an admirable entry into Manchuria survey would be complete without
Historic Relic Appearance To Be Unchanged
lines are not shown, nor is credit. 4) Built the 2.000 odd miles of taken for the reconditioning of railway required to bind the cri- for troops in any emergency, to be reference to the vast amount of in April this year, wher. it was an- many hundreds of miles of railway.ginal network together:
moved up the "little finger chan-reconditioning and Improvement. I nounced that the building would At the outset the railways were not
5) So consolidated the finan-nel towards Harbarovsk or around We have to remember, too, how the be torn down, and replaced by Intercommunicating.
they were
variously owned (Soviet Russia In-cing
cluded), they had a variety
kates, they were operating on
of
costly parallel and competitive sys-
tem.
of these three-fold and unified railways as to make one of the most important investment trusts in the world. The idea with
are
back of Vladivostock.
I
"
1.
the
MINE INJURIES
Use Of Hard Hats Proves Worthwhile
This seems to Japanese did a spectacular turn on modern buildings,
Harbin-Hainking line by be prevented now, but it is still un- STRIKING EASTERN ROAD changing the gauge from Russian known, whether the old German to standard overight: As a result inscriptions and family and civic
arms will be removed or not.- Before the purchase of the C.E.R.. of that operation the famous Asia which we
the Japanese had no entry to Har-express is now able to make its Tranceum Meur Service In the three and a half years of most" concerned here is the addi-bin, a condition that prompted the whizzing way from Dairen to Har. latense reorganization the Japan- tional mileage. The rest of it is building of the Lafa-Harbin line, bin on. a through run of 13 hours. paralleling the Earbin-Hsirking The Mukden-Kirin line has almost ese, with incredible industry, have brought in to give an understand.
been rebuilt. The S.M.R: main consolidated the entire railway net-ing of the whole organization. Ac-line which was in Soviet hands
serves as a short line itself has been straightened work into a national and contin- quisition of the Chinese Eastern This section
from the sea over the and 120 pound rall laid the whole ental system operated by two main Railway in a story in itself; suffi- route administrative bodies which them- cient to say that the Soviet Gov-Rashin-Kirin line., The Lata line distance to take the strain of the selves are Interlocking. A single ernment showed a signal apprecia- must have been one of the argu- fast expresses,
that convinced tariff schedule operai09. Theretion of the situation by making the ments
Presumably the changing of the has been a reduction of freight and original offer to sell, thus obtain-Japan's determination to stay in gauge on the old Chinese Eastern reduction of the injury passenger charges. Coordinationing a vast sum for a property it the country and the futility of line from Manchouli through Bar- mines by the use of safety cloth- and centrai routing, controlled was destined to lose anyway, and holding on to the C.ER.
bin to Fogranichnaya on the Biber- ing are given in the annual report building of branch lines have been which was no longer of any strate-
Or connected importance to the lan frontier would be an apprentice of the Safety in Mines Research designed to overcome the waste and le service.
Rashin entry is the Mutanchiang job for the Japanese, no doubt | Board just issued. Chief among system, a short route to the north-capable of completion in a month these are the improvement in the east. Connecting on to the Raanin or so, possibly a week if the same head injury rate obtained by the line at Tumen it penetrates recent-method of quick change were fol- use of hard hats which in several been so marked that ly virgin country, spanning across lowed as on the Harbin-Hsinking cases has
loss of unrestrained competition.
*
THREE SYSTEM UNIFIED
The Japanese General Stat, to whose propulsive power belongs the "credit of the development, had a Acruss good base to build upon. North Manchuria, parallel with the Bungari river drainage system cut the Chinese Eastern Rallway own.
}
The railways created under the Japanese Five Year Plan, are item ized as follows:
Hsinking-Tumen line 528 miles (part) Lata-Harbin Line -
271 miles Harbin-Pelan Line -928 miles (part) Tsitsthar-Pelan Line
Russia of
runs off in two directions.
London, Sept. 3.
Some remarkable instances of
rates
in
to the North Manchuria Line and branch. But, the State Railway collery owners indemnity com- further north to Linkou whence it Board (B.MR.) has decided to leave pantea have found it worthwhile One the line as it is for a time as they to contribute towards the cost of workmen with hard line goes off north-east to Hulin wish to use old Russian rolling equipolog the Manchurian boundary stock until more modern equipment hata skirted by the Ussuri River, a short is available or necessary,
On
British Wireless
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