+
01
CHEMOTHERAPY OF
MALARIA
Colonel James' Speech To
British Association
WHAT OF QUININE?
Quinine has been la general use for nearly a hundred years, but no one knows, and scarcely anyone is trying to discover, how this remarkable natural remedy acts. Even yet its merits and defects as an antimalarial agent are very imperfectly under- stood, and it has been said that there are almost as many "mê- - thods of treating malaria with it as there are physicians who use it. To a considerable extent it satisfies the practising physi- clan because it promptly stops most clinical malarial attacks. but it has grave defects from the point of view of preventive medicine for it does not prevent infection of either the human These host or the mosquito, and it does not prevent relapses. defects became strikingly evident during the World War, and in consequence it was realised how advantageous it would be to have antimalarial remedies which would be effective for par- licular purposes for which quinine is known to fall ・・
To discover and prepare such ↑ drugs is the chief alm and obječt antimalarial chemotherapy, What is aimed at is not to sup plant quinine. but to supplement
.
Sald Colonel S. P. James: "Perhaps the most striking ex-
to fallure
prevent ample of
In June.
HONG KONG DAILY PRESS, TUESDAY, AUGUST 4, 1936.
H. K. POLICE
RESERVES
(Orders by the Hon. T. H. King,
Inspector General of Police)
AQUATIC SPORTS
NEW BALL ROOM AT
*SHUM CHUN
MIDNIGHT TRAIN
The attention of all Police Re- FOR REVELLERSTM
servists is drawn to the programme
of the 15th Annual Aquatic Sports of the Police and Prison Depart- ments to be held at the V.R.C. on Saturday, September 12, 1936. It includes two special races open to members of the Hong Kong Police Reserve. Further particulars con be obtained from Sub-Inspector Hunt, to whom all entries must be sent before August. 22, 1938.
men-
CHINESE COMPANY * Training Course (Part I);-The following undermentioned bers will attend Chinese Company Headquarters on Tuesday, August 4 at 17.30 hours for Part II of Training Course:-
Constables R38 Henry Wong and Res Edward Ho..
+1
Training Course (Part II):~The following undermentioned
mem-
INDIAN COMPANY Commendation: Constable R291 Tara Khan of the Indian Company is commended and granted the commended service bar by the Hon. Inspector General of Police for malaria by applying the teachings initiative and zeal in an arms case of existing knowledge occurred on July 21, 1935. it with additional weapons for use during the World War. In particular circumstances and 1916. a British division moved for particular purposes, In Ger-
forward from Salonika to occupy many two synthetic antimalarial the valley of the Struma River drugs plasmoquine and atebrin, in Greek Macedonia. which to a considerable extent fortnight after entering the valley ful that requirement. have al- the troops of the division began ready been discovered. and now to go down with malaria at the It is hoped that Great Britain will rate of more than 100 a" day. make "adequate arrangements to pursue the subject in the same Intensive way and with "the same cojects in view,
1
About a
During July and August there were 5,000 cases; in the whole Year there were 30,000 and the next year 70.000.
A French army corps under Ge- neral Sarri held the line next army entered the to ours. valley 11 10 strong, but within the next few months 60.000 were down with malaria, and by the end of the year only 20,000 were left in the Une.
10
General Sarrail reported to the French government that his army
Up to the present the chemical industries of that country have not concerned themselves with the matter, and grants which have been allotted by the governmen: during the last few years to assist antimalarial chemotherapèutic re search have amounted to less than
two hundredth part of the Empire's annual bill for quinine.
was immobiilsed in hospital. The OF INTEREST TO THE EAST
Germany army on the same front The prevalency of malaria In suffered equally. but it is not dif- these shores makes the recent dis- ficult to picture what would have coveries of atebrin and plasmo-happened if either of the opposing quine by Professor Schulemann forces in that war region had bees and h's associates at Elberfeld, able to keep its soldiers free from Germany, of double Interest to that disanse. newcomers to the Far Eas
Certain environs of the
bers will attend Indian Company Headquarters on Tuesday. August 4 at 17.30 hours for Part II. of
Training Course:--
Constables: R210 Abdullah Shah Mohamed, R213 8. B. Hessian, R238 M. S. Dillon, and R256 Sher Ahmed Khan.
C.-CHAMPKIN, DSP. (R.). Hong Kong, August 3, 1938.
Thirteen
FREE FOR ALL
For Coal Coolies
two of coal coolles, whom had their heads bandaged. appeared before Mr. Himsworth at the Kowloon Magistracy yesterday charged with fighting in the Mitsul Bussan Kaisha ccalyard. The first seven pleaded guilty and the re- mainder denied the accusaton.
Dét. Sergi. J. Hunter stated that it, was a small clan Aght and there was no police evidence and no evi- dence to offer against the defen- bants denials. The magistrate In view of these and other ex- amples it has to be admitted that, bound the first seven defendants despite some remarkable discoverer to keep the peace for twelve months and the remainder were rles, existing knowledge on the pre-
bound over to keep the peace for ventions of malaria is not sumel-
* months. Two of the còm- batants had to receive hospital treatment.
ent.
world have failed to keep up with the "march of time" and, in sequence. their inhabitants can- not, or refuse to keep in step with the progress of civilisation.
DIRECT WAR DIFFICULT, Direct war on the malaria-carry- The fact that hardly a layıcan pays much. if any, attention. to ing mosquita is too difficult and and combatting this dreaded disease too costly for general use, does not mean that malaria is in quinine has failed to maintain its sovereign aberance, or that it is imperative old reputation as the that "microbe hunters" make their remedy which meets all needs. researches, sometimes fatally, be
More knowledge 18 needed in fore he will finally come to the many different directions, one of realisation that it really concerns them being chemotherapy,
which subject British chemistry him
has as yet played only a very small Part. This seems surprising when We reflect that, of the 3 million deaths from malaria recorded in the world each year, the great ma-
In a discussion in Chemistry in the British Association at Norwich, England. Colonel S. F. James, F.
# 8.
spoke some very Atting words on the chemotherapy of these two new discover) ER,
The distressing effects of A malaria epidemic shows that no royal road or short cut to the pre- vention of malaria has yet been found.
During recent years remainder have come from British Malaya. East and South Nigeria, the
Africa,
which had bitten them during the aight would be killed and they would not suffer from malaria,
"MODERN HOTEL AT
00
ITS BEST
:. A sumptaeus display of catar- Ing to the public's 'wanta was made manifest at the Shum Chun Hotel, at Shum Chur, Saturday night, on the opening of the new Ball Room. Chur representative, handily equipped with an invitation, had access to all the departments, of which there were nine in number and saw very thoroughly, how the
of. such managemen:
a large hostelry gave its patrons some- thing exceedingly worth while for their money.
Our chief mission was to attend, the opening of the magnificent ball room, dad with the assistance of the gental manager. Mr. Juan Jay, nothing was left undone to make the occasion a most enjoy able one.
blue
A
having danced in some of the big-
gest theatres in Manila, Honolulu. and Japan.
Among the prominent guests who were at the table of honour at the ball room were: Messrs. P. 8. Chan, former secretary of the Army. Canton, C. T. Watt, secretary of the Customs in Kowloon, K. M. Ching, K. T. Law, F. L IP, T. Y. Pau and C: Yung.
Our attraction was naturally arawn to the three games of chance in another part of the main floor. There were targe' crowds (around the roulette wheels, as well as the fantan" and dice games.
AC-
Mr. Juan Jay, the manager, was ably aastated in his duties by the acting-manager and chief countant, Mr. Francis Wu, and the floor-manager of the bail room, Mr. Wu Shiu Ching.
The nine departments comprise two.edcktail bars, one of which is located close to the gaming tables, and the other, in the ballroom, a soda-fountain; gambling, a Chinese and a foreign restaurant, machin- ery room, telephone connections to all the 155 rooms, and, of course.
Other forms of recreation were to be had in the billiard table on the main floor, and in the two tennis courts on the grounds.
The ball room was tastefully de- the guest rooms., including bathą corated with myriad colours, with in all of them, steamed heat and
air-conditioned... predominating. large chandeller of modernistic design, was hung over the centre of the floor, with the prismatic colours Rlowing translucently above the hebds of the dancers, who evinced much, enthusiasm to the tunes of Julian Silverio's nine-piece or-
chestra.
The large number of hostesses were mostly Importations from Shanghai, and they were very charming in their native dresses. Tickets for the tea dances were $1.00 for four, and $31.00 for three during dinner.
Julian Silverio has had consi- derable experience in the enter tainment field, having directed the Hong Kong Hotel orchestra for a period of fourteen years. He is also the composer of some songs, the most popular of which is "Quezon March," dedicated to Pre- sident. Manuel Quezon, the myst
41.
KPAL
·PANAMA HIS HOME
Mr. Juan Jay, calls Panama, in the Canal Zone, home, but he graduated from the Chilh Shien Middle School, and received mus degree in Business Administra- tion from the Fuh Tan College,
Shanghai in 1934,
Upon his graduation he enterea into business with his father; and took on the management of the Shum Chun Hotel in April this year.
• When WA asked him if the rumour of the closing of the game, bling in Shum Chun was true, he said, "We are in what is known as "special territory" here, and as long as there is gambling in Macao, we shall also have it here. Ninety per cent of our customers trom Hong Kong, and for their is also another march. "Paredes | convenience, there will be another March, and a mappy "swing"train added to the present schedule fox-trot, "Lucky Number,"
to enable them to enjoy their stay to the fullest..
President of the Philippine Com- monwealth.
Among his repetoire
FLOOR SHOW
There was an exceptionally good
Clinical observations give no sup port to that hellet. For example, the temperature chart of a per- inson who took ten grajns of quininę shortly before being bitten by mos; quitoes, and the same dose dally thereafter for ten days, showed that these prophylactic doses had no effect in preventing or delaying the malarial attack. Another trial with larger doses of quinine show ed the same failure. The attack occurs, even when the prophylac-exponent of the terpsichorean art, tic doses of 45 grains (3 grams)"of quinine are used,
jority occur in the British Empire, and that the British Empire lone spends every year about £450,000
on quinine,
DIFFERENT RESULT
It is, interesting and important that the same trials with either of the new synthetic preparations,
plasmoquine or atebrin give a Sudan. Mauritius,
A few properties -of cles
same thing in other words, so some indications on the subject' will be given to point the chief defects of
malignant tertian
oor-show in the dancing of Miss Jenny Querubin, entertainer and artiste, who gave a splendid rendi tion of Ginger Rogers' dance in a sailor costume in the show, "For low the Fleet." She is a thorough
A THIRD DEFECT
re
Beginning from next Saturday, August 8, the last train from Shum
Chin to Kowloon will leave at mid- alght. This is a most auspicious occasion for me, and the manage- ment, and I should like to extend a hearty welcome to the people of Hong Kong through the medium of your columns.”
of
malignant tortjan
and for this reason many cial- tocytes clans prefer to "break the fever," malaria that doses even as small as they say, with quinine, and to
as two centigrams are sufficient continue later with atebrin
infection. to prevent mosquito For this purpose, therefore, plas-" moquine is
a new antimalarial But weapon of proved efficacy. a further requirement in this cate gory is a drug that will prevent
human host and their ap- the production of gametocytes in
If and when adequate arrange- ments for antimalarial chemothe- rapeutic research are made in India, Great Britain it will, of course, be one of the tasks of the biologist to tell he abemist all that he knows
A third defect of quinine is that of the life-history and biological quite different result. In a com- it is not very effective in prevent- *Trinidad. Barbados and other
of the various spe- parative trial with quinine, and British territories overseas.
ing the relapses which are such a malaria years ago an epidemic in British
parasite, atebrin and plasminquiue against troublesome feature of some cases and for what particular infections of India prostrated the whole popu- lation of an area twice as big as purposes he is desirous of being malaria, all the controls who took of malaria. Here again a chief
difficulty arises from the fact that the England, The ordinary business supplied with drugs that are no prophylactie had their attackerent species and strains of pearance in that peripheral blood of large cities was Interrupted, no superior to quinine. As Bir David of malignant tertian malaria with malarial paraslie react differently from which they are sucked into labour could be obtained, trans-rain said a few years ago: "When in the usual incubation period, but to the various antimalarial re- the stomach of the mosquito when port was disorganized, and even medicine is in a position to tell mate of those who took atebrin medies at present known. In it feeds on infected persons. sellers of food ceased to carry on chemistry exactly what medicine and plasmoquine had any malari malignant tertian malaria, re- Plasmoquine, kills gametocytes their trade. In one group of requires, the chemist will in due al attack.
lapses may often be entirely pre- AFTER THEY HAVE BEEN FRO- towns and villages the deaths course deliver the goods." Profes-
Atebrin and plasmoquine do not vented by treatment with atebrin DUCED AND HAVE APPEARED IN during the month of October. in-sor Robinson has said much the
work so well as true causal pro- instead of with quinine. On the THE PERIPHERAL BLOOD, but it stead of being as in a normal
phylactics against benign tertian other hand, the relapses of benign does not arrest their birth and de- year about 7,000, were 76.250,
malaria as they do against malig- tertian malaria are much more dif-velopment. nant tertian. The point is that ficult to prevent. The most im From these examples it will be FINANCIAL LOSSES
quinine as an antimalarial agent these drugs are not simply sub-portant, type, is that which causes evident that the epoch-making The Anancial losses due to such and some of the merits of ate-
stitutes for quinine: THEY ARE what is called "the spring rise at d'scoveries made by Professpr an epidemic are quite incalculable. brin and plasmoquine as additional NEW WEAPONS WITH A SPECI- malaria" in northern Europe and Schulemann and his colleagues at
some idea but
of the cost of antimalarial weapons.”
FIC ACTION ON A PHASE OF other countries. It was the type re- | Elberfeld have placed in our hands malaria is indicated by the amount
IMPORTANT DEFECT
THE PARASITE AGAINST WHICH sponsible for the second wave of new antimalarial weapons of great Ineffectual. of money spent in
The first and by far the most im- QUININE HAS NO EFFECT.
a recent epidemic in Ceylon. No power and precision, but that attempts to combat it. For ex-
A second defect of quinine is drug yet known will prevent this there is still ample scope for fur- portant defect of quinine is that it ample, the island of Mauritius has does not prevent infection: It is that it is not equally effective type of relapse.
ther research in other countries. apent more than 3 million rupees
true causal prophylactic, against all species and strains of
It is not expected, of course, LASTLY en antimalarial measures since
Lastly, there is the problein of that funds are availabel for chem- 1909, but the prevalence of the What we want is a drug which, the human malaria parasite. This
taken in non-toxic doses, will en- defect la common to all known an- preventing the spread of malaria otherapy research upon the same disease has not appreciably de- creased, and local experts have
timalarial remedies, and is the by what is called gametocyte scale as that provided in Germany, chief reason why it is desirable to therapy Gametocytes are the but the Ertlish Empire with its recently suggested that the whole
have several drugs at its disposal forms of the malarial parasite vast malarious territories in Africa, question should be studied anew with the object of discovering
for treatment in order that, when which thfect mosquitoes, and it India and the FAR EAST to more one falls, another may be tried has long been known that in concerned with the provision of some less costly method of check ng the scourge, Lagos, the capital
a few years ago quining For example, some strains of malignant tertian malaria quinine, effective antimalarial agents than of Nigeria, has spent even more was nought to be effective for Dialignant tertian malaria are is quite ineffective in preventing any other group of nations in the mones with less success, for the this purpose. It was thought that not at all susceptible to quinine, the infection of mosquitoes which world and, having regard to the present position is that every if persons in malarious places but are very susceptible to stebrin feed upon persons suffering from humanitarian, economic interests at stake, it is greatly to be hoped native inhabitant of the town would take a dose of quining at On the other hand, some strains this disease. above the age of one has the sunset and another at sunrise, all of benign tertian malaria react Plasmoquine, on the other hand, that progress, will be made to-
germs injected by a mosquito quicker to quinine than to atebrin, is so exfective against the game wards that end. disease.
not a
tirely destroy the organisms in- lected by infected mosquitoes be for these organisms begin to con- ine their developmental lifecycle
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