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(NAM WAH YAT PO)
Whore daily circulation of 18,000 resches modern and progressive Chinese in both Hong Kong and South China.
A great favourite with roung and modern Chine on account of the excellence of its sporting news and authoritative political articles, the South China Daily News is to valuable a medium to be left ont of you & propciation.
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HONG KONG DAILY PRESS, WEDNESDAY, JUNE 24, 1936.
SHORTAGE OF
SEAMEN
MR. RUNCIMAN ON
GUNS AND TACTICS:
A RETROSPECT
NEED OF RIGHT TYPE Phases Of Naval Thought
House of Commons, June 14. Conditions t the merchant service and the tramp shipping subsidy were questions raised by Mr. Greenwood "(Soc., "Wakefield)' on the Board of Trade Vote in the House of Commons, recentij.
The manning report of the Mer- chant Shipping Advisory Com mittee, he said, was received in February last, and he recalled that the Parliamentary Secretary to the Board of Trade had stated that the recommendations in the report would be implemented in the new Board of Trade regul-
tions.
Shown By Armaments
(BY SIR HERBERT KUSSELL)
KAIPING COAL
FOR HOME, FACTORY, & POWER HOUSE
HOME FACTORY
propose to guns.
It is interesting to learn that the Admiralty rearm the cruisers of the "Hawkins” Clas with fin. There are the only vessels left in the Fleet which "mount the 7.5in, run, and the change will mean the disappearance of that weapon from the Royal Navy. Thus will be effected yet an- other step towards the simplification of naval artillery, which seems to have become a cardinal point in connection with mo- dern warship design. I cannot believe that there will be any dissent from this policy in the Navy itself...
་
The old conception of a gur, sort of fighting was the ill-fated for every purpose-rever, at Victoria, which carried her two course, carried beyond theory 110-tons guns in a turret forward. Was an obvious counsel of confu- sion. It sounds quite plausible to ask. "Why use a 12in, shell when
BEFORE THE DREAD- NOUGHT KRA
AND BUNKERS
POWER HOUSE, TUGS & LOGOS.
THE KAILAN MINING ADMINISTRATION
DODWELL & CO., LTD., Agents, Hong Kong.
|» In March, however the ship
owners approached the seamen and proposed
a new scale sub- stantially ower than that un- animously
The great alm of the big-ship this was a very great improve- considerable conflict of opinion ta out both forward and aft, but zines are undoubted. but there is recommended by the 3 9.3.n. shell would prove fully Advisory Committee.
efective: why use a 9.2in, when designer from the abolition of trement upon the wing turret in pre- to whether these two ships could
broadside system of artillery dis-vious "Dreadnoughts" which were maintain such The National Union of Seamen 37.5in. would serve the purpose;
position to well into the Dread-cut-out for more than half the the "Queen Elizabeths. Possibly. stood out for the scale suggested and why even use a 7,5in. when
good shooting as
in the report, and later in May the much quicker delivery of the nought era was to render it prac-circle. This centre-line method is a prejudice against the triple tur- rejected an alternative scheme put 6in. gun would probably give the ticable to employ as many of the attributed to the Americans, and I ret in' our own Navy has some-
forward by the owners.
best results of the lot?" But only
The shipowners, declared Mr. consider what such a choice of Possible upon any one target at pute their claim, merely adding Nowadays, when no battle prac-
Greenwood, were trying to wriggle out of the recommendations of the Advisory Committee. and he strongly suspected they were being alded and abetted by the Board of Trade.
era
weapons would involve in stap de- sign, manufacture. ammunition storage, and training. The mixed- armament
of Sir William cave White us battleships with three patterns of heavy guns (in- cluding the 6th. In this classifica- tlon), and they were bad enough in all conscience as opportunist
ghters."
The coming of the "all-big-}
total number of heavy guns as have not the least desire to dis- thing to do with this suggestion. any one time. We heard a great that I think the inventor of the tice returns are pubilshed as in deal ther, about the arc of Are." a term which has become almost idea.
tripod really foreshadowed the pre-war times, we have no op- superfluous under modern condi-
portunity to judge as to the com- Five enormous after
turrets in Ine parative merits disclosed by gun- tions. Long
square yards means imposing rather a lot even canvas had totally vanished on a hall more than 500ft. long.
nery exercises in the Fleet. from the Navy, save in the case of two or three little training improvement. The 15in. gun first and the next step was a distinct
and
brigs. masts and shrouds remain-
ed.
The rigging got in the way of a
CASE QUOTED. He quoted the case of a ship of just under 2,750 tons which sailed to the Black Sea carrying only the master and one mate as officers The Board of Trade permitted the " period. for which Lord clear broadside traverse for the vessel to sail on receiving a letter
Fisher was mainly responsible, guns either forward or aft Look- from the master to the effect that fortunately saved Sir Philip Watts back it seems strange that he would take a watch during the from perpetuating the exaggerat- this comparatively triviaj obstruc- voyage. That meant that the ed gunnery mixture with which he on should have been suffered sc long. The tripod was proposed by muster would be working 64 hours started his distinguished succes- a week apart from his responsibision to Sir Willam White in the Capt. Cowper Coles. who perished two "Lord Nelsons." The orginal in the Captain in 1870. It made Ilties as master. He had no op-
its first appearance as a regular tion but to do this as his job was Dreadnought was the most single-
gun type of battleship ever built feature in the Dreadnought in Mr. Greenwood asserted that it She carried ten 12in., guns. with 1906, but the full possibilities of was criminal for the Board of nothing between that and a big in relation to "are of fire" were Trade to allow the ship to sail un bunch of 12pdr which might not utilized for some years after have sufficed to check torpedo aj- der such conditions.
With regard to the crews' quartacks thirty years ago, but would ters generally, he said he hoped be totally inadequate against pre- more active steps would be taken
sent-day destroyer tactics. The to get rid of the slums of the sen
Dreadnought market the coming and to make certain that new ships contormed to higher stan dards in this respect.
26 stake.
He thought it wrong that the subsidy for tramp shipping should be paid when the owners employed
numbers of foreign seamen He moved, a reduction Vote.
of the
the era of intensive Are power. and. Ukewise, the end of a phase which began with the replacement
or the ancient method of broad- turret guns. side mounting by Th's great and prolonged transi- tional period produced some very interesting experiments, not the less so because they were palpably wrong before they were started.
SOME CONSTRUCTIONAL FREAKS
views
Sir Herbert Cayzer (Con., Forts- mouth S. quoted letters from shipowners denying the allegations made by Socialist speakers during
There was only one big. Lragedy, the last debate on this subject.
the loss of the Captain, but "the It was said the Clan Line, with sweet Uttle cherub who sits ap which he was associated, was one aloft and looks after the life of of the largest employers of Chinese poor Jack" must have a terribly stamen, when, as a matter of fact. anxious time watching some of they employed no Chinese at all the freaks in which men went Shipowners resented these mis-forth from the naval ports. Dur- representations.
ing this beriod the disposition as The tramp shipping subsidy, he well as the character of arma- said, was a whiff of oxygen for aments illustrated varying patient at the last gasp, and was as to future action tacties. In- merely a palliative and not a deed. nstead of tactics being ap- plied to making the best use of MR. RUNCIMAN'S REPLY gun power. the position was often Mr. Walter Runciman, President reversed, and the current code of of the Board of Trade, said the tactical training dominated the questior of manning was by no extent and, more particularly, the means a simple one. They must placing of the armament. take care not to cripple the Mer- cantile Marine by imposing on last century, the growing mastery Thus, during the eighties of them a manning scale, to which or the gun in the tests against they could not comply.
wrought fron armour brought He had received reports of a about the idea that ships could shortage of seamen from Plymouth.not survive long in broads'de ac- Falmouth, and many other porta.tions, Broadside belting had then The supply of sea-minded men reached a thickness of 18in. I might fall short of the require-have been to sea in vessels so pro- ments in the near future.
tected, and. heavens, how they
cute.
â
It was not so easy new to get foundered! Clearly, there must be young men of the right type for halt to this competition, in the Mercantile Marine, and if they which it was certain that the gun were to be attracted they must be was winning. Such people as provided with better surroundings. Krupp and Harvey, were already M... Greenwood's motion to re-evolving the remedy. but the Ber- dure the Vote by £100 was defeat- vice did not know what was going ed by 191 to 119, and the debate on in the foundry laboratories on the Vote was adjourned.
AN AMBASSADOR VISITS MANCHESTER
London, June 11,
until the "Majestie" class burst upon them with 9ln. Harveyized steel belts, offering treble the re-.. sistance of the composite protec- tion of their predecessors, the old "Royal Sovereign" class. So the problem was how to expose the broadside as little as possible in battle, and one result was the de- Sir Hughe Knatchbull-Hugessen. velopment of "bow and quarter" who will shortly sall for China to tactics. In this formation ships take up his appointment as Bel- might expect to be raked if they tish Ambassador to that country, were hit at all, but they presented yesterday paid a visit to Man-much smaller targets, and were chester as the guest of Sr. Ken-very unlikely to be penetrated in neth Stewart. chairman of the their vitals. I have been in naval China Section of the Manchester manoeuvres in which these tac- Chamber of Commerce. In the tics were practised, but I confess morning he took a trip down the I cannot now remember how it
South China Daily News (Nam Wah Yat Po) Ship Canal and vialted the works was proposed that bow-and-quar
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A typical ship designed for this
this.
The earlier classes of the
cir-
all-big-gun ship mounted ten heavy weapons, and in no cumstances could they ever bring more than eight of them to bear at one time. The tripod needs no shrouds nor supporting rigging at all and the athwartships spread of its legs at the deck is probab only about one-third of the beam: moreover, where two masts were considered indispensable to the appearance of a warship it was very soon evident that one tripod was quite sufficent for all pur- poses...
The centre-ne plan of arma- ment disposition made its ap- pearance in our Navy with the advent of the "King George V." class.
BEST ALL-ROUND GUN As to the vexed question of made its appearance in the British what is the 'best all-round gun" Navy in the "Queen Elizabeth" for the different categories of class and these vessels, together fighting ships. I venture to think with the "Royal Sovereign" class that an intelligent answer would of these weapons in four turrets. fectly adequate to doing its job." which followed them, carry eight be "the smallest gun which is per-
Excepting Over very small seg-
The size of the gun more than any ments of the circle, dead ahead other single factor has brought and dead aft. the whole of these about the immense growth in the target, and a touch of the bel the 12. gun weighing 50 tons can be brought to bear upon a size of the ship. In 1900 we had will suffice to bring the target
unmounted and. the 15.000-tons clear of that segment if necessar, battleship to carry. It A quarter Thus, it is true to say that the of a century later we have the method of armament distribution | 18. gun, weighing 103.5 tons un- in these capital ships does not ex-
mounted and a 34,000-tons battle- press any particular tactical con-
ship to carry it. There has been ception since it can be employed such an improvement in weapons an 8in, gun to the full in every possible form and ballistics that
cruiser of to-day could knock-out a 12in gun battleship of 1900 without being scratched. We want weapons with which to fight "any enemy," but surely it is pos- sible to set very practical limita- tions to the cult of size for the mere sake of size. There comes
of battle evolution.
NELSON AND RODNEY In the Nelson and Rodney a novel plan of armament dispost tion was introduced. A very con- siderable length of the forward part of the ship is left clear, as a gun platform, and nine 16in.point beyond which size. or rather guns are emplaced in three tur- rets at varying heights to enable the weapons to fire over one an other. Dead astern Are is practicable. but as this is really only likely to be necessary agint pursuer, and as such ship as these expect to do all the chasin themselves that is to be done the triffing disability does not amount
to
what size implies in fighting pow- er. Is mere extravagance of wasted energy. The British taxpayer has just been unpleasantly, awakened to the fact that we "must do things as cheaply as is possible." Let 14 be satisfied with ships which can hit smashing blows up to the full range of visibility from their observation stations. IL other nations like to build ships which can deliver smashing blows twice as far as the'r people can ree. let them waste money and""
Those ships mounted ten 13.5in. guns in five turrets. the radial centres of, which were all much. especially 85 1 Varv dead in the midship line, It was small yaw would very soon open thus possible to fire the whole of a blanketed target to all the guns. these On either broadside. The The technical advantages of this midship turret had an arc of cut-bunching" of the guns and maga- ammunition by all means.
."
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