*
:
KEEN RACING
(Continued from Page 7)
Pari-mutuel:---
Win: $19.50.
Place: $9.70, $12.50, $22.20. Also ran:-582) Ballos (Mr. S. C. Liang) 148. (883) Belmont Star (Mr. Proulx 147, 1884) Blue Ribbon (Mr. S N. Pan 161, 1888) Delightful. Chance (Me, C. L. Gregory) 147 (887) Double Chance tMr, N. Deltz) 158. (888) Emergency Call (Mr. Choy Wing Chiu) 135, (889) Festival Eve Mr. I. C. Harris) 147 (891) Popular Star (Mr. Tang Man Wal 153. (892) Rugby Star Mr. Ip Kut Ying) 140 (893) Unicorn Mr. G. U. Roza 140, (8951 Warrington Mr. P. P. Botelho) 153, (808) West Parade (Mr. Black) 101.
ין
Betting
Win.
Place.
1st Pony
495
2nd Pony
310
3rd Pony
"180
340 212.
93
The Field
1,298 1,200
Total 2.201 1,851
1
2
9.-Stonecutters Plate ( Mile} Mr. Lan's Ocean View (901). 152
Ibs.
(Mr. W: H. Choy) "Mr. Brish's Cassius (897), 140.
Mr. I. C. Harris) Mr. G. Tinson's Hertat (899), 155 lbs. (Mr. W. C. Pay! Won by a head, two lengths be- tween 'second and third,
IOS,
Time: 29.3, 1.00.1.
Pari-mutuel:-
Win: $13.90.
3
Place: $5.80, $5.70 $10,80, Also ran:-(898) Gold Eagle (Mr. K. W. Fung) 144, (901) Merry Jester Mr. K, I, Ip) 147, (902), Paymaster Mr. S. 1. Yuen) 155, (903) Pot- latch (Mr. H. V. Pearse) 153; (904) Shamrock (Mr. Choy Wing Chiu) 147. (905) Strathalan (Mr. R. M. Wood? 149, (906) The Coot (Mr. Ho Hung Pong) 142.
Place,
543
Betting
Win.
1st Pony
675.
2nd Pony
786
571
3rd Pony
142
74
The Field
661 455
Total
ماب
2.144 1,643
CASH SWEEPS
No. 180 gets $50.
RACE 1
No.
232
· 381
F
1157
$853.30 243.80 121.30
RACE 2
No 1308
$898.10
427
718
256.00 128.30
Nos. 1315, 1427 get $50 each.
RACE 3
No. 1824
145
rr
206
$945.60
.....241.60
120.80
LORD CECIL'S. DEFENCE OF SANCTIONS
League Should Be Made Effective
SETBACKS MUST BE
FACED
Lamion May 13. When the House of Lords re umed to day its adjourned debate the reform of the League of Nations, Viscount Cecil was the first spraker.
Of Falorna he had little to say beyond the gestural advice that the Leagae should be strengthened and mind more effective
His was contention was that anly two policies were possible, either the organisation of collective grity under mane such system as the Leamus. or reversion to the thod of alliances and balance of and could only fead to a similar but more terrible disustét,
power which prevailed before 1914
Most of his speech was devoted to a refutation of the argumcois advanced by Lörd Ponsonby and the Marquess of Lothian last week w the elimination of the principle of evercin from the League.
Mere conciliation and Sitting at a round table would not effect much.
That was proved by the failure to restrain Japan in Manchuria,
Unless
rezl guarantee of security could be offered there could as no advance towards disarma
2121
HOARE-LAVAL PLAN BLAMED
The failure of Sanctions in the Italo-Abyssinian disput Lord Cecil
attributed to
the
Hoare Laval plan, which was a "terrible disas ter"!
It led Italy to think that she could do anything she liked.
un-
But they must not expect broken success in the tremendous Lask of substituting the rule of law for war. It was incredible there should be no set-back.
The important things in for ign policy were courage and tenacity. Vacillation and timidity produced
war
HONG KONG DAILY PRESS, MONDAY, JUNE 1, 1936.
THE FARTHEST STAR.
New Giant Telescope.
THE MYSTERY OF DISTANCES
varying ages, character, and dimen- slons. The farthest is 150,000,000 light years away.
(BY E S. GREW.)
London, May 10. Whatever else the astronomers tell us about the purpose of the big telescopes, their chief aim is disco- very. They seek the farthest star, Dr. George Hale, the director of the Mount Wilson Observatory, admits as much when he says that the new 200-inch reflecting mirror to be set close a volume of space nity times up on Mount Palemar should dis-
as great as that known eight years ago. It may capture distant objects of the 22nd magnitude
Star magnitudes are classifed like golf handicaps. The higher the figure the, less brilliant the com- petitur. Any one magnitude is two and a half times fainter than the
next lower number. Thus a seventh magniture star is two and a half times fainter than a sixth magni- tude,
unaided eye can distinguish stars between these two magnitudes. For the higher mag- nitudes a telescope is needed
The
A similar, but more exact, rule governs the searching power of the telescope which depends on the light-gathering power of its artifel- at eye, the legs or reflecting mirror. Thus a 10 in. lens gathers 100 times as much light as a 1 in.. and, while the 1 in. can find only ninth mag- nitude stars; extends its larger range to stars of the fourteenth magnitude. The 100 in reflecting mirror takes in objects as faint as the nineteenth magnitude. The 200 in, will search the invisible for objects fainter still.
distances, for which there are some Here we come to the question of rough and ready rules, such as that a seventh magnitude star is some fteen times further away then a first magnitude star like Vega or Capella: and à sixteenth magni- tude star is 1,000 times more dis- tant. But a star may be very faint without being very distant. As- tronomy seeks more exact measure-
The League must discover seme preventive means. It might be possible to make more defnite, the CRs in which there should be in tervention. No one could teliments. whether the experiment of a League of Natious would ultimately succeed, but no other system offered a better prospect. We should run" risks and give a lead.
Lord Mottistone complained that Lord Cecil had offered no concrete proposal except that we should go ou as we had been going.
,
REVOLVING "BEACONS.”
In this century a remarkable new measuring instrument was found in the stars themselves. Among them are bright pulsating glants, seven times greater than our sun, whose light rises and falls at short in- tervals as regularly as a revolving lacking beacon at sea. The star numbered the constellation of Cepheus, gives to them the name of Cepheid variables.
une
Nos. 244, 1866, 130, 1833, 1864, 352. demonstration he produced 1634 get $50.
from his pocket and explained the sort of round which is would
Delta, in
between
!
He condemned the League aa badly constructed and judicia) verse in its personnel. Sanctions were bound to fail.
Then came a presentation of the Italian defence of the use of poison gas and the counter-charge that
Their supreme value as measur Abyssinians had used soft-nosed ing instruments is that there is an bullets, which Lord Mottistone unchanging connection thought more cruel. By way of their brightness and the intervals at which they leap into a higher blaze. A Cepheld, wherever it is, which is pulsating at intervals of so To continue Sanctions, he argued the same real brightness. But if, it many hours or days, always is of would mean chaos in Abyssinia, is very distant (like the last of a and he concluded by objecting to row of street lamps) it will appear Cabinet to Geneva. Our represen- much fainter than it really is. Com- tative there should be judicial. pare the Cepheid's äpparent bright- After Loni Sempill had regretted nees with what its real brightness that we could not withdraw from the League forthwith and suggested Nos. 2179, 1997, 1313, 268 get $50 un arrangement with Germany, each
RACE 4
No. 938
$047,80
443
32
270.80 135.40
inflict.
I
Nas, #15, 480, 220, 461. 1869 get excited people ring from $50 each.
RÁCE 5
No. 142
$1,040.90
1617 167
297.40
148.70
"
RACE 6
No. 1937
$921.90 263.40
131.70
85 2208.... Nas. 632, 1891, 1435, 1492, 1692, 676, 1472, 904 get $50 each.
RACE 7
No. 2242 1928 1969
$1,010,80
288.80 144.40
Nos; 1864. 1153, 1765, 1404, 181, 1201, 2076 get $50 each:
RACE 8
No. 2103
14
468
2489
$973.70 278.20
139.30:
the
France, Italy and Russia, to secure the peace of Europe, the debate was again adjourned.
NAVAL TREATY PROVISIONS
No Guns Mounted Yet
Most foreign governments which subsidise merchant shipping stipu- late that suitable vessels shall be available as armed cruisers in an | emergency, and that before they are built their design, must be This rule is strictly enforced by the United States. Japan, France and Italy.
is known to be, and a rule of three
will give its distance.
With the aid of these standard candles of the sky, the star dis- tances leapt up. Dr. Howard Shap- ley raised the limiting distance of the known Cephelds and the stars in their neighbourhood from 100 parsecs, or 350 light years. to 6,000 parsecs or 20,000 light years. In the heavens fuzzy balls of light which are star clusters are speeding tow- ards us. Shapley found in one of them a Cepheid beacon 216.000 light years away.
A NEW VISTA.
This was the beginning of a new vista of distances. Far beyond our Galaxy, and apparently running away from it, are the spiral
Nos. 1573, 14E2. 1683, 329, 254, 695,approved by the naval authorities. cebulae. Dr. Hubble at Mt. Wilson
255, 1931, 1840, 588, 2522, 493 get $50
each,
RACE 9
No. 78 251
598
11
$2,053:10
586.00 293.30
found a Cepheld in the Andromeda nebula. The standard candle plac- ed its distance at 900,000 light years In Britain only vessels such as away. Confirmation was afforded the Queen Mary, the Mauretania by newly found Cepheids in other near spiral nebulae, Shapley had form to certain Admiralty regula-multiplied the volume of the visible tions. Owing to her immense size Universe by ten: Hubble multiplied the Queen Mary would be quite it by 100, as he turned to the fain- unfitted for naval service,
ter, more distant nebulae.
Nos, 1529, 1956, 85, 448, 1779, 051, and Lusitania are required to con- 1191 get $50 each.
"DAILY DOUBLE" BETTING STATISTICS -¡ The following were Saturday's "Daily Double" betting figures:
FIRST LEG Centre Court (325). Goldsmith (73), Night Star (186), Perfect Day
(19), Racing Heart (65), Rose-Aan
(4) and Snowy River (204).
SECOND LEG
Each of the three naval limita- tion treatles signed since the war,
including the London Fact of last March, provided that merchant | vessels may in time of peace have their decks stiffened to mount guns not exceeding 6.lin in calibre.
At these distances the Cepheids have long sunk into invisibility.
The calculations are made by a comparison between the real and apparent brightness of the nebulas themselves, which now become the new standard candles of farther. While there is no rule forbidding space. "Some astronomers, appali-
the carrying of guns by merchanted by the figures, are dubious. But ships in peace time, no guns are Dr. Hubble has ́persisted, ́undis- actually mounted at present. mayed, with his new space, plotting Amberley" (18), Donovan (0), Fly- Shortly before the war certain it out into trillion cubię mile blocks bynight (1), King's Scoptre (30), British ifners on the South Ameri- for the occupation of 2,000,000 18- Miracle (0), Rousseau (0), Royal can route were armed with 4,7in | Idrid universes, each 2,000,000 light Highness (8), Victoria'. Hall" (0), | guns at the stern, but no ammuni“ | yéáriˇapart. He has classifed his What A Chance (8), and Ythan (2). tion was provided.
spiral nebulae into universes of
To clerich his estimates he has calculated the speed at which they retreat "from us, and which in- creases by about 250 miles a second for every 3,500,000 light years' dis- tance. These calculations are made
ces, whose function is to grasp the possible only by the giant telesco-
light of these distant objects, and to spread it out for examination. The light is spread out as a prism spreads out sunlight into a rainbow band, and photographed,
But the spectrographs of the telescope are spaced with a mul- titude of fine lines, and they tell the tale. When a train is approa- ching or receding, the note of the locomotive's whistle changes as the soung waves are crowded together or drawn out. So with the light waves shown on the photograph by the lines. The lines of all these re- mote nebulae crowd together at that end of the photograph which signifies apparently that the light is receding.
M
due to the nebulae's motion in the Are these displacements really
line of sights, or do they arise from some other cause in some other way? That is the doubt which the
new 200-inch telescope, equipped with unexampled powers of light grasping and swift examination of the light by photography. and shielded in every way from outside interference, may resolve...
In the next five years, if all goes whether any limit must be set on according to plan, we could learn the boundless sphere of space, or whether these distant universes obey laws unknown to us. Should it appear that no limit can be set on the acceleration of their out ward flight, no telescope would find the farthest star, because it would be travelling as fast away as its light could reach backward to us.
SLEEP DEFEATS
BIG AMBITION
FORCED TO TAKE 'NAP' ON CAPE FLIGHT
London, May 6.
"You were right. Schedule too ambitious, but have hope, Love, Amy.
This telegram was received last night by Mr. Jim Mollison from Cotonou, Dahomey. West Africa, where his wife, Mrs, Amy Mollison. 13 resting on her attempt to break the England-Cape record by flying there in two and a half days
"I take that to mean tut Amy has found she cannot make the whole distance to the Cape without sleep, as she originally intended, so she is resting at Cotonou and ex- pects that she has enough time in hand to break the record after a short sleep," Mr. Mollison said last night.
Mrs. Mollison. says Reuter. reached Cotonou at 1 p.m. yester- day. She had then flown about 3,200 miles and was
more than half-way On her journey in twenty-four hours.
NIGHT FLIGHT OVER ŠAHARA "She flew the 1,500 miles across the Sahara from Oran to Niamey. French West Africa, during Mon- day night. Here is the log of her Aight so far:-
Left Gravesend-9,5 am. Mon- day,
Arr. Qran (1.150 miles)-5.5
p.m.
Left Oran-6.36 pm.
Arr. Niamey (1,500 miles)-7.30 a.m. 'yesterday,
Left Niamey-18 a.m.
Arr. Cotonou-1 p.m. The present record stands at 3 days 17 hours 38 minutes, set up by Flight-Lieutenant Tommy Rose last February. Rose followed the "All- Kisumu Buluwayo and Kimberley. Red" route via Cairo, Khartum.
Mrs. Mollison's route is shorter, but more perilous.
In March Mrs. Mollison set out to break Rose's record. but da maged her 'plane while taking-off from Colomb-Bechar. She is using the same 'pläne On her flight.
present
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