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HONG KONG DAILY PRESS, WEDNESDAY, APRIL 15, 1936.
FACTS ABOUT USES OF STEEL.
ROTARY CLUB ADDRESS
BY MR. PARKES
Visitor Presents A Flag
From Java
Facts and figures about steel änd its uses were given to members of the Rotary Club at their usual weekly tiffin at the Hong Kong Hotel roof garden yesterday when the speaker was Mr. P. B. Purkes of the Hong Kong and Whampoa Dock Company.
In the absence of the President (Prof. L. Forster). Mr. W. N. Thomas Tam was in the chair.
Among the guests was Rotarian W. J. Roos Van- denburg who presented the Club with a flag from the Rotary Club of Bandoeng, Java...
absence.
In apologising for the of Prof. Forster, Mr. Tam sald he
reduce the harmful sulphur and phosphorus to д minimum, our had intended being present but product will be a material which can be forged, rolled and harden- ed, and which will exhibit a very considerable increase
tensile strength and at the same time possess a ductility which will en- able it to be bent cold. This ma- welterial is steel and the
apparently the floods in the inter- lor thought differently and Pret. Forater, who was accompanying party of students on an inspection ot the Canton-Hankow railway, had been held up.
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various details of these processes, except that they are chiefly con- cerned with the source and appil- cation of the heat required to melt the charge. the shape and lining o' the vessel or hearth, and the many chemica: reaction's which Dre caused to take place between the charge, the lining and the slag. These reactions are all very. complicated and to ensure
sound steel to the specification required. they need to be controlled by an
TIGERS ACTUALLY DIVIDEND AFTER
SEEN
Alarming Experience Of Two Naval Officers
Proofs inat two tigers are roam- ing the mainland are forthcoming Grom the two naval officers. Pay- waster Commander W. R. C. Steele and Paymaster Lieutenant H. S. T.
FOUR YEARS
B
Ferry Company's Future
That despite the small profit, made during 1935 and the fact that i four years, the Hong Kong and ao dividend was paid in the last-
New Territories Ferry Company, Ltd., was able to pay its share holders a dividend of $2 per share
expert steel-chemist who, in turn, Osborne of H.M.S. Capetown, who for 1935 was unanimously approved i must have a properly equipped were at one laboratory at his disposal.
CRUCIBLE PROCESS
time stated to
be
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the
of by shareholders when they met at the Seventh Ordinary Yearly Meeting yesterday.
lost while out hiking on the Tai- *moahan.
While out walking with a party As & digression in somewhat on Sunday afternoon these lighter vein, it
night here be officers got separated from
two
Those present at the meeting) stated that credit for the inven-
were Mesars, Li Yau-taun (Chair- rest and had to tion of the original crucible pro- | night out,in the open. While they ming. Ip. Lan-thuen, L Ka-tsun stay the wa'e man), Tang Shlu-kin, LA Sheung- cess, in 1746, is universally accord-were thus forced to remain there Tse Hea-yuen, L Ka-shi, Lo Bhul- ec to Benjamin Huntsman. Hunts during the night they were given ring, Tae Yau-cho and Li Ka-ngok man was a Doncaster watchmaker the alarming experiences of almost (Directors), Mr. Li Chung-po (Sec- and apparently a progressive one coming up" against the two The story goes that he could
tigers zetary); and the following share- no when they were wandering and a suitable material for
cold holders: Messrs. LA Shin-tong, L cer and hungry over the hills.
Man, Shuen Kee, Yeung Kee, L tuln og his watch-springs, which
Yesterday Paymaster-Cdr. Steele is not Surprising since at that per gave a version of their experience
Wan-tean and Leung Tong-tak
iod he had perforce to choose de-
to the "Press" in which he stated
2
tween cast iron, wrought or fuddled Hon which would be slaggy, and brass or bronze, none of which materials could possibly make very satisfactory spring.
He therefore made some clay pots, got them incandescent in a possession bed of coke and started experi- W J... Roos of the above mentioned mechani-menting for himself. The rest is
The following guests were comed:-Rotarians Vanderburg and A. E van Hution of Bandoeng and E, S. Corser of Maryborough, Queensland, Messro, K O. Mackedale of Shanghai, R. Jones of Kuala Lumpur and W. L. Mackenzie, W. M. Brown. Brigadier W. Darby of the Salvation Army. Loveless and H. J. Pearce of Hong Kong
cal properties is the fundamental difference between steel and cast iron.
that whilst out for a hike with i party of five on Sunday with the object of climbing Taimoshan they lett Ta'po and were going up the slopes of the mountain when he and Pay.-Lt. Osborne, decided to try one of those common water
courses.
aald:-I am sorry to say that so In proposing the adoption of the report and accounts the Chairman little profit has been made by our Company since its establishment. Although it may seem satisfactory that we are dividend of $2 per share for the now able to pay a
year, we must remember that for the previous four years no dividend GOT SEPARATED
was paid: The reason for this is Continuing Pay-Cdr. Steele sald that the cost of building new ves- we came across sels was rather considerably, in ex- "Half way up lot of boulders which made. the cess of our capital, and we had to going impossible. We
had lost resort to loans to enable the Com- track of the remainder of the party and we called out to them. vide for possible purchases for our We found out get a
afterwards that vessels, etc. As a result of this cautious policy, our financial posi- tion is now easles, and we feel Justified in paying a dividend.
COMPETITION KEEN
only conjecture as there are no re- cords of his trials and errors, but what he, probably did was to melt up some of the wrought iron scrap and add varying amounts of car
bon in the form of charcoal or even coke-dust.
Eventually he would
FURNISHING FABRIC'S
COTTAGE
WEAVES
46" Wide
75%
CRETONNES
pany to operate and also to pro- Furnishing Department
The steel family is a large and prolific one-in fact new arrivals appear yearly and to-day there are probably over 100 mimbers each with its special sphere ri usefulness; and in illustrating this fact. I cannot think of 3 better analogy than that 03 Wood As you know there are a great many o steel castings for the Hongkinds of wood and I leave it to Kong and Whampes Dock Com- you to imagine the predicament Dany. He bon his technical of a golfer trying to go round Fan- training at Shefeld University ing with a set of clubs made of | dipped into cold water. would the party so we thought it best tein our fish-carrying business, re-
In introducing the speaker Mr. Tam said that Mr. Parkes was at present engaged in the production
and later joined the laboratory of Thomas Firth and Sons and John Brown & Co. who were of course associated with the building of the famous "Queen Mary." Later Mr. Parkes enlarged his experience at the Riverside Iron Works of Cal, gury, Alberta,
pine or a tennis enthusiast, per- forming with a racket made 2 ebony. So ako would any of you be in a like dilemma if the axle of your car were made of a similar ster to that of your razor, or your rable knives to that of your watch springs. Your chances of getting out of your garage or of getting through your meal would be about equa!,
steel are
The properties of
17
THE STEEL AGE
In choosing the the "Steel its controlled by its analysis, by far Properties and Uses," it must be the most important factor being obvious that it is quite impassible the carbon content. Briefly speak- to condense so vast and technicating the low carbon or soft steels a subject into a short tulk. and I must therefore apologise
exhibit a comparatively low tén. for the strength and hardness com somewhat sketchy and disjointed
bined with nature of the following. remarks.
great ductility and the carbon It has often been 'stated that the oughness, whist as
content is raised, the strength and present period will RO down to posterity as the Steel Age, and yet
hardness are increased at the ex- It is extraordinary, to a steel man
pense of the ductility and tough at any rate. how litte is generally
ness which are correspondingly known about steel,
decreased. To quote a few (xa even ΑΠΟΔΕ engineers and members of the al-ples, pipes, chains. rivets, pressings and stampings must obviously be lied professions.
made of dead soft steel (carbon .08.18%) whilst at the other end n the scale we have the steels for ball-bearings, razors and fles. which have a carbon content of wel over 1.00% (fles sometimes up. Unfortunately, both the iron and to 1.40), since hardness is of steel trades are fail of very am- paramount importance and ducti- Abiguous terms one of which, the lity is at a discount
I therefore think that ta com- mence with, definition of steel would not be out of place; or per- haps even belter would be an at- tempt to differentiate between iron and steel.
word iron, we are up against im mediately.
DIFFERENT STEELS-
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In between these extremes we Iron, technically is an element. have a whole gamut of steels, a which in chemistry, signifies 3 few of the more common, in order substance not separabie into sub- of their rising carbon content, bé- stances different from Itself. Ironing as follows:-
1. In fact, a metalurgical curlos- Structural steels (plates, bearna: ity, since it's rarely found in ne-jolats, angles, etc.). ture except es meteorities. In- Steels for castings
(to 'Loyd's, cidentally, as a matter of histor! Admiralty and Board or Trade cal interest, the fumous iron pli.ar Specifications); of Delhi. made about 300 A.D., Steels for forgings; for axles. 90.88% pure iron, and as such, tráfls, springs, tyres. chisels, scis- stands out as an example of one sors,.rock-drills, edge tools and of the lost arts, since only recent-many other steeis.
ly, by electrolytic means, have we Each of these stee's
material containing about one half they heard us and shouted back per cent of carbon (he would not but we did not hear them. We de know this, of course, as there were cided to continue up to Talmoshan no means, or methods for chemical but by the time we had approach- analysia in those days)
ed the summit it was sun-down material, after being hammered. We were without food and
drink fiat, heated up to a red heat and and the map was with the rest o
which
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One regrettable feature of re- cent years is the heavy falling off
possess very considerable resilience. Waste no time in getting down sulting in a decrease in our freight Further experiments, especially again. We did not see a sign of receipts. Another adverse factor with regard to the heat-treatment, cur companions.
is the competition of the motor would produce very encouraging "We had heard that there was a trucks and motor buses on our Tun results until eventually Hantsman short cut down to Castle Peak from Mun, Tsun Wan and Aberdeen would possess a proper straight the mountain and we tried
two runs.
This has hit us rather bad- carbon spring steel as we know it paths both of which came to im-ly, owing to the greater con- to-day.
passable obstacles later on. We venience offered by road transpor-
· Records show that he successful- then had to make up our mindstation, and the result has been that ly guarded his discovery for a long stay the night there and as 13 we have for the last several years time, only melting his steel at was cold we kept walking about. operated these runs at a loss. There night time under conditions of the We retraced "our steps up greatest secrecy, meanwhile earn- mountain as that was
the does not seem to be any remedy: ing as reward a great reputation we knew: A mist came down and bright, and I can only hope that Prospects ahead are by no means
for his clocks and watches. The we could see nothing.
an early revival of prosperity in ANIMALS SIGHTED
Hong Kong may bring with it a re- "About five o'clock, er
vival of prosperity in the fish bull- Just be- are told that a Sheffield rival, dis- core down, we mist was beginning
ness also. guised as a beggar, eventually to lift. We were "walking down
The report and accounts were succeeded in gaining admittance one of the channels, in the side of adopted to his melting shop by. trickery.
Talmoshan near Chinese ceme- tery when we suddenly and - cependently caught sight of the
cat, of course, was bound to get put of the bag eventually, and we
Thia pseudo beggar. choosing a bleak wintry night, pleaded so convincingly for warmth and two tigers.
one
17
path
and I
OTHER BUSINESS
Messra. Lo Shul-ping, Ip Lan-' chuen, Tse Hee-yan, Tang Shiu- kin, Li Ka-ngok, Li Ka-shi and Li Ka-taun were re-elected to the Board of Directors.
Mr. Li Tung was
re-elected
W!
shelter that he was allowed to!
"Osborne looked at Ме come in and sleep (the while he looked at Osborne to see if we had kept one eye very wide open be seen the same thing. Less than side the coke furnaces, and soon hundred yards away the animals after this, crucible melting shops were sitting on their haunches Auditor of the company for the sprang up like mushrooms around among boulders and long Brass. ensuing year. Shefeld and district
They were quite black and I The annual report for the year ALLOT STEELS
aught "the gleam of an eyeball.ending December 31, 1935, showed Special or alloy steels are those The animals were moving. They that the profit for the period, in the analysis of which there is were very little smaller than osen, after writing off from terry vessels prominent, orten in a consider- or water buffaloes as they call $17,502.56, and after providing for able quantity, one or niore of them here,
Directors and Auditor's fees and the following elements:--Nickel, "We knew from the newspaper all other expenses and including chromium, manganese, silicon, accounts that the tigers were sup- $30,267.52, brought forward from tungsten, cobalt, molybdenum and posed to be black and we had no last account, amounted to $64,052.- vanadium. Each one of these doubt what they were.
04. which the Directors re- steels has some special virtue con- "Frankly we didn't like the look commended be apportioned as fol- ferred upon it by reason of the Lar them at all and we went up lows:-To pay a dividend of $2 per particular alloying element which the hill again as fast as we could share, $23.474; to pay a bonus to It contains, and whilst I do not and as high as we
could."
We Directors and Staff, $7,000; to Intend to go" into a detailed ac didn't see them again and the carry forward to New Account, count of these steels, there are one tigers had not seen us. Shortly $28,573.04. or two which, undoubtedly merit afterwards we could make ou! special mention.
where we were and we made 您 Probably the best known and ine to Talpo and caught * most widely used of these special train there for Kowloon, steels 13 stainless steel.This "I have no doubt the animals essentially a high chromium, steel teat. We saw were tigers. I have (12 per cent, to, 14 per cent. Cr..] never seen a dog so large as they
WEDDING BELL'S
been able to produce fron of such analysis, there being an uptimum but to-day several variations of Its were, and have never seen water Portuguese Couple
purity.
iran works in which iron-ore st
173
of
propez
criginal analysis have been de tuffaloes sitting on their haunches veloped to cult particular purposes, on the rocks."?
corded,
these
STAINLESS STEEL.
United
differs in
carbon content for each one. It However, when talking of iron. should here be stated that correct the layman usually means either analysis is only the first step iron or cast iron, both 01 which producing the perfect article.
In connection with its invention are very crude and impure mater no less importance. is the
or to be more correct-its dis-data had been obtained and re ials. The former is the output o heat treatment, that is the carry-culated. The true facts, however, were consigned as usual to a con-
covery inany, stories have been cir-
A wedding of great interest: to polished sections ing out of the annealing, harden-
the local Portuguese community mined is sme ted in blast furnaces. ing and tempering operations at present, I think a unique example
are briefly as follows, and they ventént scrap heap.
was solmenized at the St. Joseph's the product being pig iron; whist the correct temperatures, and unof both the value of trained ob- the latter is the output of iron rartunately much originally good servation on the one hand, and of Mr. Brearley's trained observation became the bride of Mr.
Church yesterday when Miss O. Baretto, daughter of Mr. and Mrs. foundries, wherein the crude pig steel is irreparably ruined through
It was in this connection that o. D. Baretto, of Kowloon Tong, fron is remelted in cupola fum- mistakes in this department. These ness" on the other.
traditional, English "plgheaded-
Peter ces, the product being cast iron. steels comprise the principle mem-
asserted itself, since, not only did Nolasco da Bilva. I is on account of the large ex-bers of the ordinary or
In 1913. Mr. Harry Brearley, he notice that amongst this pile Chief of the Brown-Firth Research of quickly rusting specimens, cer-
The bridegroom is a son of Mr. cesses of carbon and silicon: and particularly of the harmful -ing on to
carbon steel group and before go-Laboratory (run jointly by Messr tain of them still retained their and Mrs. P.MN, da Sīva, who is the special or alloy John Brown & Co., Ltd. and pristine polish, but also he quickly well-known on the local Stock Ex- parities sulphur and phosphorus, steels, mention should be made, Messrs. Thos. Firth & Sons, La realised the significance of this change. The duties of bestman which are inherent in the pig iron. think, of the various standard Sheffield), was conducting an ex- that cast iron is so
were carried out by Mr. E N. da deficient processes by which steel can be tensive research into the causes of mechanical properties as express-made.
Many people visiting the labora-Silva, a brother of the bridegroom. ed in terms of tensile strength and
the rapid and costly erosion which tory, especially his own assistants The bride was attended by four so shortened the life of naval guns, working therein, had equal fact bridesmaids ductility W
--- STEEL MANUFACTURE Now if we melt some pig front
a specially designed furnace and
by means of scientifically-controll-
ed chemical reactions. e imate the excess carbon and allcon and
straight
phenomenon. “-
There are dive commercies me thode of stee-making, which, in In carrying out tule examination, les for observing this remarkable The reception, which was large- The chronological order of their small ingots containing warying fact, but it was left to Mr. Brearly attended was later held at development are the crucible, the amounts of chromium were cast, ley, who until then had never even "Eharncliffe the residence or Mr bessemer, the open-hearth, the from which small sections were dreamed of a rustless staci to PMN do Silva. electric and the bigh frequency cut, polished, and etched for realise that here was a discovery processes. It is not within the microscopic examination in the of the first magnitude,
(Continued on Page 11.)
scope of this paper to discuss the orthodox mauner, and after various
"Among those who attended the ceremony at the church was the Consul General for Portuga".
yd.
31" Wide
LANE, CRAWFORD, LTD.
A. D. C.
"LOVERS'
LEAP"
APRIL 15th, 16th, 17th, 18th.
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A BEER YOU ARE
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IN CARTONS OF 12 BOTTLES
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