HONG KONG DAILY PRESS, TUESDAY, DECEMBER 10, 1935.
MR. BALDWIN OPENS LONDON NAVAL CONFERENCE
Position Of Britain
Explained
AMERICA AND JAPAN STATE VIEWS
Delegates Of Other Powers Make Observations
London, December 9.
The Naval Conference assembled in the Locarno Room at the Foreign Office punctually at 10.30 a.m. Mr. Stanley Baldwin, who presided, warmly welcomed the de- -legates. He said that the position of Britain was explain- ed in a detailed statement to the Disarmament Confer- ence in 1932 and remained the same to-day.
Briefly the British Government were prepared, as they were then, to prolong the principles of the Washing- ton and London Naval Treaties with such modifications and adjustments as were expedient and necessary on ac- count of the altered international circumstances and needs of individual Powers.
1.
DOUBLE OBLIGATION Mr. Baldwin said there was double obligation upon the con- ference, namely to ontinue, the work of the previous conferences and do what was in our power to avert the calamity of a return to unrestricted naval competition."
of
The British Government attach- ed the greatest importance to imitation, both continuation qualitative and quantitative. They would like to see a reduction in size of all larger ships and guns, and also press the abolition submarines.
of
An international agreement on these lines would undoubtedly lead to great economies in the future naval construction of the world.
THREAT OF NAVAL RACE
tonnaze; if that were impossible, a lesser reduction to fifteen, ten or five per cent., declaring that the United States must adhere to high purpose of progressive reduc- tion.
1
"NOTHING TO FEAR" Mr. Roosevelt had strongly emphasised his disapproval of any treaty calling for larger navies and. stated that Britain, Japan and the United States, `the principal naval powers. had nothing to fear from one another and they could not escape the responsibilties for world peace and recovery.
After reading the letter Mr.
Davis said that although the situation had undergone consider able modification since the lecter i was written, sull expressed what the United States would he
to see accomplished in their task now to make an armaments race unnecessary.
AMERICA'S. PLEDGE
Mr. Davis emphatically declared that the United States will not take the initiative in naval com-
retition.
Mr. Norman Lavis, head of the United States delegation to the London Naval Conference
principles and thereby make its own contribution to international peace and goodwill
FRENCH NEEDS
M. Corbin (France) pointed out that the discussions would have. to take account of the obligations of France resulting in her respon albilities covering an exceptionally
long seaboard.
As regards the qualitative as- pect the Washington and London Treaties bad fortunate results inasmuch as they assisted in pre- venting a race in armaments. This is the reason why France favours drastic limitations and even large reductions in maximum tonnage
and gun calibres.
From the quantitative viewpoint, events have shown that the pro- blem-is much more complicated.
INDIA'S NEW STATUS Mr. R. A. Butler (India), warmly supported the aims of Britain. Since the tast Naval conference, as India received a great consti- tutional advance, 50 her navy advanced in status. With these new adjuncts of nationhood, India
realised her additional responsibi- ties in the comity of nations and was anxious to fully play her part.
IRISH FREE STATE
Mr. Dulanty (Irish Free State)
declared that the problem of naval
Umltation was not one in which the Free State can claim particular interest or to the solution of which she can bring effective contribu-
tions, but it will be her aim
MASS DEMONSTRATIONS
BY STUDENTS
Thousand Prevented From Entering City
OPPOSITION TO AUTONOMY
Peiping, December 9.
Two thousand students participated in demonstrations, thousand coming from Yenchink and Tsinghua, which are near the Western Hills, and a thousand from the universities inside the city. Fifteen universities of the Government and private in-\\ stitutes are represented by the demonstrators.
It appears that they are demaɔnstrating not so much against the settlement na agains ́autonó ny in general, belag determined to demonstrate to everyone that there is no move for autonomy In this region.
The gates on the west side of the city were promptly closed, barred and guarded by troops and police, locking out the thot- sand students from Yenching and Tsinghúz.
When General Ho Ying Ching, ping, concerning the anti-Japan- heard of the demonstrations he ese character of the student de- telephoned from Tangshan urging monstrations the University Chancellors to pra- | Reuter. vent the students from demon-
strating, pointing out the danger of diplomatic complications arising therefrom.
Late this afternoon a very few students were visible inside the city, the bitterly cold weather be ing partly responsible but the Yenching and Tsinghus contingent were sheltering from the wind under the fifty-foot city wall, still waiting for permission to enter the city.
NEW COUNCIL HITCH
Peiping, Dec. 8. Mr. Hsiao Cheng-yin heid conference this morning attended by a number of Chinese leaders to discuss further details of the new administration. It is still uncer- tain how many members of the new Council have Chinese sources which still state nineteen, but it is reported that the Japanese are demanding a larger number.
also stated that the Japanese are demanding
of the Council powers
It 19
the
WHITEST
Gordon's
PUREST
GIN
BEST
THE HEART OF A GOOD COCKTAIL
NAVAL ACCORD OBSTACLES
Danger Of Race In Armaments
London, Dec. 9.
SHIPS ON THE SUNGARI
Soviet Protest To Japan
Pelping, Dec. B.
M. Constantin Yarenev, Soviet
YOUTHFUL SLOGANS When the gates at the west side of the city were closed extra police increased and were called out owing to the large | Äned, bands off students advancing' on General Ho Ying-chin is still at end of 1938, the world will be ex- the city to demostrate against Tangshan.
General Sung Cheh-posed afresh to the danger of un- naval the terms of the settlement which yuan la at the Summer Palace, but restricted competition in they aver amounts to surrender of keeping in touch by telephone.--armaments, with all its calamitous North China to Japan,
Keuter.
effects on national budgets and While hundreds of students
international relations, says the "gathered at the gates two thou-i;
"Times" in a leading article to- sand others within the city de-
day.
to be If no new agreement is reached more clearly de- before the London and Washing-Ambassador to Japan, recently ton naval treaties expire at the lodged the following protest with Mr. Hok! Hirota. Japanese For- eign Minister:
TIENTSIN INCIDENTS
Shanghai, Dec. 9. A number of autonomiat de-
2
Recent political developments, it
"According to the Treasy of 1858, only ships belonging to the Ta Ching (Manchu Dynasty> and Russian states were allowed. to navigate the Amur, Sungai and surt rivers and now, only
USSR as reflected also in the agreement signed in 1934 between the Amur State Shipping Trust and the Harbin Waterways An- ministration of Manchukua.
monstrated at the headquarters of, monstrations, a obviously lacking continues, have not made the task the ships of Manchukno and the "Call the nation to arms for warious parts of the Tientsin area. General Ho Ying-chin, shouting: spontaneity, are reported in var-
any easier. The unfortunate. ten- against Japan! Down with auto-
East and the A group of armed men, among slon in the "Far
Mediterranean may make tonomists! Shall Chins become a whom were several Japanese na
reluctant tionals, seized the offices
for different of the powers Tangku and Taku Police Buread
reasons to accept restrictions upon. last night and were only
their naval programmes. evicted as the result of the intervention
With all of the Japanese authorities.
the obstacles in the way of agreement upon quantita
limitation. attention bas
liberations at the Conference. facilitate to the utmost the de-
Japanese Colony!"*
Mr. Baldwin said that the great value of the preliminary conversa- tions has been that each Power is now in a position to appreciate the special problems and difficu)- ties of others. The essential point is that we should agree on certain
STUDENTS THRASHED limitations which, while giving
ITALIAN SUPPORT
The police are breaking up the latitude as it each Power such
Signor Grandi (Italy) declared it student demonstrators inside the He said: "We want no naval in- may reasonably claim for its own particular needs. nevertheless will crease; we want Imitation and would be difficult to lay down a city into small groups and often
the reduction. Our present building time. It may be necessary
rigid solution for a long period of use unnecessary brutality In relieve the public mind
to achieving their object, threat of a general race in naval programme, which is essentially
proceed gradually, with study of one of replacement, is consistent solutions devised and keep pace of the city is typical of the police One incident in the east portion
with that desire.
with new problems so as to render methods. A group of three hun- pians the
the naval limitations acceptable. dred students marching in the
211 Reuter. strengths alotted to us by London Treaty as at end of 1938 Italy upheld the reductions of orderly fashion attempted to turn
armaments,
most
The most expensive and dangerous of all types of naval competition was the, desire to go one better than our netghbours in
new types and sizes of ships.
an
SUBMARINE ABOLITION
"Under present
will not be attained until · 1942.
We do not wish to exceed those
If it proves impossible to obtain treaty limits. The United States agreement for abolition ofis, emerging from severe depres- submarines,
vital ston and is anxious to devote her importance to reach an agreement energies and material resources to preventing their misuse, It has bulding of the country."
It
of
been announced that the French and Italian Governments are like- ly to accept the provisions of the London Naval Treaty as regards treatment of merchant ships by submarines in war time. These provisions were accepted by the
un-
Mr. Davis pledged America's full co-operation to find a mutually beneficial solution.
armaments.
NEW ZEALAND
In to Morrison Street, one of the main north to south thorough.
Then
they
A similar disturbance sccurred tive
at Jenchinhalen in connection with turned more insistently towards a
this incident have so far not come an attempt to evict the "pro- qualitative method of limitation. Nanking" magistrate. Detalis of Japan, however, holds that with
out quantitative limitation in the to hand-
form of a common upper limit she cannot accept any measure of qualitative restriction.
Even if this initial dificulty is
speculation.
→
"In spite of this, on October 29. a cutter, dying the Japanese fag, eft the mouths of the Bungari River and sailed down the Amur”, River. Attempts to navigate the Amur and Usuri rivers by ships under the Japanese flag have taken place before also?
Having lodged a protest against this contradictory to treaties and, therefore illegal navigation "of the Amur and Usuri rivers by Japan-
JAPANESE TROOPS
Peiping. Dec. 9, The arrival of Japanese troops overcome, a further diffculty ese ships, M. Yurenev asked Mr. ted that the Conference was meet and turned out a fire hose con of Pelping, is causing considerable upon the limits to be adopted,
Mr. Parr (New Zealand) admit-fares. The police stopped them at Tungchow, within fifteen miles arises: the difficulty of agreeing Hirota to make an investigation ing in far from favourable circum-talning icy water. stances, but that only means that separated two students from the the challenge to see that we do not main body and thrashed them for fall is all the greater.
no apparent purpose, bashed their heads on the pavement and then threw them in the gutter.- Rester.
SOUTH AFRICA Mr. te Water (South Africa) also alluded to deterioration of inter- JAPAN'S VIEWPOINT Admiral Nagano said that Japan a worldwide clamour for Increase national relationships expressed by desired to achieve just a fair agree-of armaments. for each country
ment securing
United States and Japan and the adequate national defence, reduc- ing the burdens upon the peoples id contributing to advancement of peace of goodwill between nà- tions.
British Empire hoped that restricted submarine warfare would thus be averted in future.
די .
A new naval treaty should, in the view of the Japanese Govern. ment be based upon the funda-
the great Powers to pause and take South Africa earnestly entreated stock in the direction in which current events and forces are com-
lling them. — Reuter
SILVER MARKET
YIELDING ATTITUDE Although some delegations"might take exception to certain provi- sions in the London and Washing- ton Treaties, it could not be mental idea of a common - limit, denied that during the past four-naval armaments to be fixed as teen years there has been none of low as possible, and simuously the spirit of rivalry in construc-offensive forces must be drasti- tion which tended to mar relations cally reduced and ample defensive hitherto.
forces provided in order to produce a substantial measure of disarma- Mr. Baldwin said he was con- vinced that if all the
ment. countries
PRESIDENT ELECTED were prepared to yield a little in
Sir Samuel Hoare was elected their maximum demanda for the sake of the general good,
President of the Conference and Spot .... agreement should be possible not Lord Monsel as Vice-President. Forward only permitting reduction in total Mr. Adrian Holman, was elected tonnages but also adding a generai Secretary General sense of world security,
W
ELZ1
From Our Own Correspondent)
London, Dec. 9. London Silver prices to day were down 9/16 for Spot and. 7/15 for Forward as follow:-
Dec. 7. 29-3/16- 28-13/16
J
make
of the matter and take measures The British view is unchanged against a repetition of this viola-
declaration According to reliable" Chinese since 1932, and the
tion in the future. reports hundreds of infantrymen made at that time holds good now, In reply to M Yurener, M have arrived at Tungchow from that Britain not only desires that Hirota said that he was unaware Kupelkow and yesterday quar- the number of ships should be of the facts mentioned by M. tered themselves at a school. It limited but also that the tonnage arenev and promised to was stated that they intended to and size of guns allowed for ships inquiries. JAPAN TAKES NOTICE ·
! remain Indefinitely.
of the principal classes should be Union News. Shanghai, Dec. 9. Two hundred Japanese cavalry reduced to figures far below the Japanese reports from Feiping arrived ät Myun, north east of existing maximum limits, ́ ́. Attache made representations to said to be bound for Tungchow-to go so far in this direction state that the Japanese Military Petping yesterday and
are also Possibly, no other power is ready Mr. Chin Teh-chun, Mayor of Pel-Rester.
DECLINE IN THE FRANC
Further Strain On Gold Reserves
London Dec. 9. Dec. 9. 28-3/4 To-day's decline in the franc 28-3/8 from 74.54 to 74.56 reflects that the, realisation of France is not ewapewe - yet out of the economic¦ wood
despite the apparent reconcilia tion in the French Chamber.
NEW RELIGIOUS SECT: IN JAPAN
Lord Monsell, took the chair after Mr, Baldwin's departure. The AMERICAN ATTITUDE Mr. Norman Davis, head of the conference adjourned at 11.43 into American delegation. explained committee. The whole conference the United States attitude by is meeting to-morrow morning.
AUSTRALIA'S DESIRE reading, & letter of instruction
President Rooseve't
Mr. Bruce (Australia) declared dressed to him fourteen months that the fallure of the Conference ago wherein Mr. Roosevelt might plunge us instructed the American delega. depths of economic depression arrested as a sequel to a raid by
which
ad
Tokyo, Dec. 8.
the
DUTCH RUBBER
DUTY BILL·
London Criticism
from
3.0
Britain » proposes they should; "but the necessity · of
agreement must be clear to all Both politi- cal, and Anancial good sense for- bid the revival of unrestricted. competition, especially in the pre-. sent state of the world.
Despite every obstacle, the "Times" insists, the conference must reach an agreement.— Reuter.
DAMAGE DONE TO WARSHIP
Suspected Sabotage At Devonport
London, Dec, Most disturbing incidents Devonport Dockyard are under- stood to be engaging the atten tion of the Admiralty and omelals of Scotland Yard,
London Dec. 9. Criticism is the keynote of the Netherlands Second Chamber's AVALANCHE DISASTER preliminary report on the bill
IN RUSSIA ratifying the export duty on estáté the Netherlands rubber
Moscow, Dec. 8. Indies introduced in September, It has been announced that 85
Several members assert that the persons were killed when duty should be dropped since many avalanche swept down upon the battleship Royal Oak, which is states work at cost price exceed-city of Kirovsk, on the Koia Pen-failure of the electric system caus- ing the eighteen-cent level at insula. which duty is levied and con-
Damage totalling several'i hun-- dred pounds was done to the
refting at Devonport, when the
plerced a two-inch cable connect
It is believed that extremist
continue
The avalanche came from the ed by a short-circult was not dis movements will
sequently the duty is equivalent to towering peak of Yakspur Moun covered for three days. A searche latent menace. to the parlia a capital levy. Others urge thetain and with a most frightful roar
finally revealed that a· · ̈saill-pin, mentary government, while the raising of the initial basic price to descended upon the city. Nothing eight inches to diameter. had Thirty-members of the Comote, a causes engendering them" will be twenty or more cents per metric could resist it. Houses crumb.cing the control tower of the back to the Japanese religious sect, have been rincipally severe and denation pound with duty restricted in 1985. | under the tremendous Impact, and
Hence theOn the other hand others streets were blocked with its debattleship with the dockyard power
Two two-storeyed houses were sawed off and the lead of the cable
remain unabated...
ed to continue, imposing a further estates were saved by restriction
station
tion to seek a substantial reduc-from-which- to-day we are hap- Doce on the headquarters of the exodus of French capital is expectsider the levy is fair since many bria Few details are at hand. The head of the pin had been
According to "Rengo" the raider strain on gold reserves which are and at the same time hope that the completely destroyed by the fall of cover replaced.
Med sixty per cent...
Government will
co-operate in
tion in armaments permitted in ply seeing the first signs of re-group in Tokyo and Kyoto. the Washington and London covery. Like Britain, Australia Treaties.
wanted to see the principles of discovered proofs that the sect was Mr. Roosevelt had said that Washington and London prolonged. spreading an idea “contrary to the
parallel to the bear attacking the market price to a level abandonment of those treaties
CANADIAN HOPES
Japanese constitution "s
of international speculators will remunerative to all producers would throw the principle of re- Mr. Massey (Canada) extolled the
Reuter The Comote advocate the assimi- lative security wholly out of merits of the Washington and Lon-tation or Christianity, Buddhism balance. He had suggested a tota! | don Conferences. He hoped the pre-and Shintolam and has about 3,- tonnage reduction of twenty per sent Conference will extend ant000,000 members. cent. below the existing treaty confirm the application of those Reuter
only take secondary place.- Never- theless it is anticipated that the
Bank of France is utilising the market for raising fresh Govern present respite to reduce the Bankment credits.---- rate with a view to preparing the Renter
ice and mow and although 2,000
Trouble on the big submarine
workers were rushed to the rescue Oberon, also electrical, was found of those trapped, they only suc- during a sea test, after repairs, ceeded in extricating 47 alive. The commutator had been tant Turée more persons later died of pered with: injuries, bringing the desin roll to Bot cases are believed to be
Beater.