V
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PLAIN MEANING OF
THE COVENANT
Collective Resistance To Aggression
OBLIGATIONS OF ARTICLE 16
It has often been sald that the sanctions of the League cannot be enforced for the purpose of preventing or stopping hostilities except as the result of a unanimous vote by the whole ́ League. This idea is no doubt based upon Article 5 of the Covenant which says 'except where otherwise expressly provided in this Covenant --decisions at any meeting of the Assembly or of the Council shall require the agreement of all Members of the League repre- sented at the meeting.'.
This view is mistaken, since nù "decision” either of the Coun- c or of the Assembly is required by Article 18 which denis with.. sanctions, though certain interpretative résolutions recom- '
mendations of the Assembly, to which further reference will be made, do Indicate the advantage of investing the Council with the duty of stating its opinion whether the need for sanctions has arisen, a course which would try probably be followed,
As the Covenant now stands the obligation immediately to break off diplomatic. Anancial, commercial and personal relations with а State Member which resorts to war In disregard of its covenants falls Joinly and serally upon all other Members of the League. The Gov- crnment of each Member has to make up its mind forthwith whe- ther the casus foederis has arisen.
that is to say (a) whether in fact o State Member has resorted to
more.
HONG KONG DAILY PRESS,
GOVERMENT HOUSE
Sunday 13th October
His Excellency, attended by Cap- tain W.J.R. Cragg. A.D.C.. and ae- companied by Miss Mary Smith. attended a special service for Business Men at St. John's Ca- thedral."
Monday, 14th October.
Mr. N. E. Young, M.C.. arrived at Government House.
Tuesday, 15th October
His Excellency received Captain RS. Benson, R.N.. and Captain w. R. Patterson, R.N.. who stayed
to lunch.
Wednesday, 16th October.
MONDAY, OCTOBER
21, 1935.
FROM THE GAZETTE
Appointments Etc.
His Excellency the Officer Ad- ministering the Government has appointed Mr. David Kelvin-Stark to be Depu.y Estate Duty Commis- sioner and Assistant Colonial Treasurer.
It is notified that His Excellency the omcer Administering the Goy- einment, under instructions re- ceived from the Secretary of State or the Colontes, has been pleased to make the following appoint-
HA Excellency received Mr.ment-Miss Hilda Prescott to be Charles L. Hoover. Consu.-General | a Nursing Sister, with effect from for the United States of America. October 2, 1935.
Lt.-Col H. H. B'ake. O.B.E.! Junched at Government House. Thursday, 17th October.
His Excellency received repre- sentatives of the Press.
W.G.H. Grantham,
His Excellency the Offer Ad- ministering the Government has approved the relinquishment of his Local Commission as temporary
The following dined at "Govern- ment House: His Excellency Ma- jor General F. S. Thackeray, D.S.
His Excellency received Mr. A. Captain in the Hong Kong Volun-
Leer Defence Corps by Capsal Douglas Walter Mortlock, First Battalion, Straits Settlements Va.- unteer
Force, on his permanent transfer from the Colony.
M.C.. A.D.C.. and Mrs. E. 8. Thackeray, Captain J.W.A. Waller, R.N. Lt. Col. J.A.A. Griffin, DS.O.. Mr. and Mrs. R. Hancock, the A.leri. and Misses Hancock, Miss Mr. W.S.A. Cough Taylor. Friday, 18th October.
His Excellency received Mr. H.
C.M.G.. them Phillips,
O.B.E., H.B.M. Consul-General, Canton.
virtue of
*
It is no fled that during the ab- sence from .he Colony of Monsieur Solvange Telssier, Consul for France at Hong Kong. Monsieur
Mr. C, Renner. Vice-Consul for
France will be in charge of the French Consulate.
*
the sovereignty of its Members. As Sir Samual Hoare said in his speech to the Assembly: "Mex- bers of the League by the fact of their membership are bound by the obligations that they them selves have assumed in the Co- venant and by nothing They do not act at the bidding of the League but in agreements to which they them selves are parties, or in pursuance of policies to which they selves assent. The Counell can
His Excellency the Officer Ad- do no more than advise how Mem- Captain W.J.R. Cragg. A.D.C. ministering the Government has pite of its obligations under Arti bers can best discharge their returned the calls of Captain R. Sappointed Mr. J. S. MacLaren to cles 12. 13 or 15 of the Covenant.verriding obligation to respect Benson, R.N., and Captain W. be Senior Assistant Colonial Trea-
und preserve as against external Patterson, R.N.,
surer and Assistant Collector of aggression the terri.orial integrity "Duncan" and H.M.S. "Folkestone." S.amp Revenue. and existing political Indepen - The following lunched at Gov- dence of all Members" (Article 10), ernment House: Hon. Comdr. O. F. or recommend the military mea and Mrs. Hole, Hon. Mr. M. J. sures to be adopted should econo- Breen, Hen. Mr. W. H. and Mrs. mic pressure be insufficient. Ard-Bell. Captain W. Armstrong, Mrs.ructed internal air space in cle 16). Recommendations may. N. Richardson, Mr. and Mrs. B. D.
war against a fellow Member: and b whether it has done so in des-
These obligations are.
To submit its dispute with the other Member to arbitration, Judi- "cial settlement, or enquiry by the the Assembly, Articles
Council or 12 and 15.
To refrain from war in any case until three months after the judi-
aboard H.M.S.
cial decision, the arbitral award, according to the accepted practice Evans, F.-Lt. A. D. and Mrs. Ben- or the Report of the Council on Assembly. Article 12 and Article of the League, be made by a ma-nett, and Mr. E. Nelson.
15 (10)
Not to make war on any Member which has complied with the judi- cial decision, the arbitral award. Article 13(4).
Not to make war on any Member which complies with recommenda- tions for settlement made by the
jority. Member States retain their right to comply or not to comply with such advice or recommenda- tions. This is the plain meaning
e Covenant.
It is, ul course, evident that there difficulties involved in are great leaving to each Government, the
Saturday, 19th October.
Mr. Gerald F. Tyneli lunched at Government House. His Excellency dined with His Honour Mr. Justice
R. E. Lindsel..
The Gazette contains amended educational regulations with re gard to floor space and unob
schools.
The name of Dr. Jack Thomas, of Union Building, has been added to the Dental Register. Dr. Tho- mas is a Bachelor of Dental Sur- gery of the University of Sydney, Doctor of Dental Surgery of the University of Toronto, and Licen- tiate of Dental Surgery of the Ro-
WEDDING BELLS
Barros-Noronha
Two well-known Portuguese families waxa united by marriage on Saturday at the Rosary Church when Miss Cecilia Marla Noronha, the eldest daughter of Mr. J. M. 'Noronha and of the late Mra. Noronha became the wife of Mr. Henrique A. Barros, the eldest son of Mr. and Mrs. F. Barrus.
There was a large gathering of relatives and friends at the Church which was very tastefully decor- aled for the occasion. The Rev. Father Rossi officiated.
The bride, who was given away
by her father, looked very charm- Ing when she entered the church accompanied by her bridesmaids, the Misses Alda Ribeiro, T. Noron- ha. I. Noronha, Z. Barros, E. Baṛ- rus and O. Basto,
Mr. Charles Corren acted as beat an.
A reception was later held at the Club de Recreio, where the health of the happy couple was toasted, after wilch
their they left for honeymoon, which is being spent and at Repulse Bay, Canton Macao.
Stuart-Milborne
The Rev. R. Higgs, Vicar of St. Andrew's Church married three
couples on Saturday. The first ceremony took place at 11.30 am. when Miss Muriel Louise Milborne, who arrived in the Colony last Thursday by the ss. Rawalpindi from her home in Plymouth. Ens land.
became the bride of Mr. Alan Macpherson Stuart, who is connected with the Northern Chinese Railways.
Mrs. Gurhill the bride's sister, performed the duties of matron- of-honour, while Major Thoyts, of the Lincolnshire Regiment, best man. The couple are spending their honeymoon at the Repulse Esy Hotel, prior to leav ing for the North.
A
4
Was
DOW
The second marriage took place at 2 p.m. when Mr. George Pavast- Jerna was wedded to Miss Pamare Olontgenn.
Council unanimously save for the onus of deciding whether a situa-). PICNIC FOR THE [yal College of Dental Surgeons of bride of Mr. James Robert. Can-}
votes of the parties to the dispute, Article 18(6); or by the Assembly provided that members of the Council and a majority of the other Members of the League, ex- clusive of the parties to the dis- pute, concur in the report. Article 15(10).
ACT OF WAR:
If the Government of a State Member honestly belleves that un- other Member has resorted to war after breaking any or all of these promises it is bound to regard such resort to war as in fact constitut- ing an act of war as against itself, thereby involving the immediate rupture of the normal relations of
International intercourse.
NO PROVISION
tion has arisen in which it must break off all relations with a dis- tant state or a powerful neigh- bour, thereby incurring the risk of hostilities, It would also be un- reasonable to give so literal an interpretation to the Covenant as
expect all States great or small, near or far, to take exactly the same measures against a Coven- ant breaker.
BLIND
Girls Given Treat
Ontario.
It is notified that the name of the Macau Hong Kong Sports Club, Ltd.. has been s ruck off the Register of Companies.
·
*
•
A bankruptcy, notification states that a first and final dividend of $9.20 per cent. has been declared in the case of the Kowloon Bulk Store and its partners.
Fifty blind girls were treated to an outing on Saturday when with 30 helpers they travelled to Shek- O in 15 motor cars kindly loaned The girls by generous residents.
It is notified that Weng Kam- had a very enjoyable time and the outing was in every way a sucing has been appointment Third Forester in the Botanical and cess.
Forestry Department on the re- signation of Li Chi-fat,
The party started "from the Bind Home at 2.30 p.m. and were escorted by the Flying Squad to On reaching their destination.
-
*
Great Britain, France, Belgium, Czechoslovakia, Italy and Poland replying to the German delegation, at Locarno on this subject said that they did not hesitate to give the interpretation which so far as they were concerned they placed
It is notified that at the expira- upon Article 18. It was as follows: "Each State Member of the Lea- Shek-a various games were play-tion of three months, the name of While there is no provision in gue is bound to co-operate loyal-ed and tea was served. Presents the Lun Sing Hing Ki Co., Ltd., were then distributed by Mrs. A. will, unless cause is shown to the the Covenant that the "Councilly and effectively in Support of The Covenant and in resistance to
Morris, who had charge should order sanctions, and
of the contrary: be struck off the regis- any act of aggression to an extent picnic. after which the girls were ter
brought back to the Home, which is compatible with is mil- 1tary situation and takes its gen- graphical position into account."
What remains of the money This statement was initialled by M. Briand, Sir Austen Chamber-collected for the event will be used lain. Dr. Benes, M. Vandervelde, M. o buy gifts for the girls at Chinese Skrzynski and Signor Mussolini.
до
to its senses without any bloodshed,
has
On their return they were treat- ed to a pork dinner.
New Year.
4
1
2
HEALTH BULLETIN OF
EASTERN PORTS.
WEEK ENDING OCTOBER 12 Cholera: Madras, 2 cases; Bang kok, 9 cases.
Small-Pox:-Bombay, Karachi, 1; Madras, 1; Tatieorin 4; Vizagápatam, 9.
3
BROWNING'S SON
casea.
(Special Air Mail Bervice)
London, Sept. 30. Few sons of great poets have
Miss Zenaida Gintovt became the
ing of the local branch of Moutrie and Co., at 3.30 p.in.
The bride looked charming in a white
satin ensemble and was away by Mr. Warden, while the duties of best man were perform- ed by Mr. David Buchanan.
A: the conclusion of the cere- mony a reception was held at the home of Mr. and Mrs. Warden, at No. 269 Prince Edward Road, and I is understood that the honey- moon will be spent at Macao.
ADDITION TO THE FLEET
Another Junkers Plane
justincation for States Members to
By the arrival in the Colony disregard their own obligations in
this morning of a magnificent this matter unless and until called
Junkers passenger and freight upon by the Council to act, it is
aeroplane, the Junker JU 3/3. the obvious intention of the Co:
the Eurasia Aviation Corporation venant that this resistance to a Co-
of China' has added to their already venant breaker should be collective.
well equipped fleet of planes. United and coordinated action by
The machine has à totally en- closed plots compartment above as many as possible of the loyal
This collective note to the Ger Members of the League is obviously
mans also mentions the discus-
and forward of the wing. It is of desirable, indeed by Article 16(3) slons which had already taken a desirable for the success of the
the monoplane type with corrugat- they undertake "mutually to sup- place, in the Assembly 、 V this common plan of action."
ed fuselage, has an over-all wing port one another" and there is subject. This refers, no doubt With regard to the actual steps
span of 969 feet, a length of 62 nothing to prevent-the Council. principally to the amendments to to be taken against the Coven-
feet and height of 14.10 feet. The whether unanimously or by a ma-
Article 16 drawn up in 1921 which, ant breaker the Assembly wisely
wing area is 1,190 square féèt, ** Jority, advising Member States how though they have not been ratt-resolved that it would not b:)
The plane, which is fitted with best they can co-operate in econo-
fled have considerable force as possible to decide beforehand
three Hornel" TIC. engines, is mic sanctions. It is quite possible being recommendations of the programme applicable to each
capable of a maximum speed of that the interruption of trade, the Assembly, These recommenda- case. It would be for the Counci
177.5 m.p.h, and a cruising speed credit and similar tons do not alter the duty of each to recommend to the Members & suspension of
of 152 m.p.h., and can climb to a measures would in a short time
Member of the League to decide plan for Joint action when the
height of 6,560 feet, with a normal bring the recalcitrant Government for itself whether a breach of the case arises. This might begin with been poets, and "Fen" Browning, load, in 8 minutes.
Covenant
The service ceiling of the aero- been committed. the rupture of diplomatie rela-whose widow, has just died, was They do, however, state that "it tions,
next economic
pressure not among the exceptions. His plane is 19,020 feet, while the ratige, is for the Council to give an opin- (such as the refusal of imports talent was for art, and Robert at cruising speed, is $68 miles." ion whether or not a breach of from the Covenant breaker) might Browning seems at one time to
The machine, which is able to the Covenant has taken place. In be introduced, after which "mea have hoped that his son's achieve-carry from 14 to 17 passengers, deliberations on this question-sures of increasing stringency" ments in that sphere would exceed excluding the crew is under the the votes of the Members of the might be taken. The Assembly his own in poetry. One of the command of Captain Kaspar League alleged to have resorted to further agreed that "In special deepest disappointments of the the rupture of diplomatic, finan-
war and of Members against whom circumstances and in support of poet's life was the rejection of a cial and economic relations, such action was directed shall not economic measures to be taken, it statue which "Fen" sent to the It is assumed that loyal Members
be counted." The Council would may become advisable: (a) to est-Royal Academy in the eighties. may find it necessary, of judge it recommend the date on which the ablish an effective blockade of the Browning thought it a master- The Society of St. Vincent de to be expedient to use force. It enforcement of economic pressure seaboard of the Covenant breaking piece and felt that his friend Lord Paul acknowledges with grateful is, herefore, provided in Article should be begun and would be em- State; (b) to entrust to some Mem- Leighton, then president of the appreciation and thanks the re- 18(2) that it shall be the duty of powered to postpone wholly or bers of the League the execution Academy, would be sure to insist ceipt of the following donations the Council to "recommend to
partially in the cass of certain of the blockade operations." on its exhibition.
and gift to the Fete on November the several Governments concern States the effective application of These suggestions for the man- Though the statue was rejected. 3. ed what effective military. naval
economic pressure. Yet any ner in which the sanctions of the several pictures painted in Bel- Ladies Plous Union, Kow- or air force the Members of the such attempt to reduce to a min-League should be brought into glum by the poet's son were hung League shall severally contri-
Imum e Joss incurred by any operation have no, binding char- at Burlington House, and regard- bute to the armed forces to be loyal Members and to distribute acter. They are, however. import- Ling these also Robert Browning used to protect the covenants of equitably the risks and burdens of aut as Indicating the polley upon showed great sensitiveness. "You the League."
sanctions would, according to a which a great measure of agree- see.” he modestly remarked to a DIFF.CULTIES
resolution of the Assembly adopt- ment has existed in the past be friend, people expect so much of ed on the same occasion "not between most Members of the Lea- him because he had a clever permitted except in so far as it gus.
On the other hand there are cases when the enforcement of economic sanctions will be met by military action on the part of the recal- citzant state. Thus, while States Members are not pledged to resort to military force in addition
to
It is important to recall that nothing in the Covenant impairs
mother:"
foon
DONATIONS
$32.00 St. Joseph's College Boys... 45.00 Mr. G. 6. Archbutt
Mr. Aloo M. Patell
Anonymous......
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