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TUESDAY, SEPT.. 10.
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$1,010
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213
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11,030
£183
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£131
£191 $7+
Bank of East Asin...
£201 2121
#75
DO.
N, U. & S. Bauka... Am. O, ru.Corp: B.
Ch. Fin. Corp. Ord. 8.
10. Pret. 3. Insurance
Canton luwATALICHA..
3180
$190
Underwritera
#1.10
$1.10
Union Insurances .......
$372
3375
Gaina Fires *********
$362
$185
H.K. Fires
3389 $190
International Asace, D.
Shipping
130
Stenoty
*30
ididos (prot)
$12
Do. dut.j
70/71
Shells...
sil
Waterhela
Mining
80 ots $18
33.40
Autawoks............
Balatcos
21 et, Baguio Gold
812.10 Benguet Consolidated
Do. Goldfield
Gold River. 34 ats.
24 cla.
$30
78 ts
Pets
9 ota
13 04
Da Exploration
8 ots
Big Wedge......
7 čte
₤30' cta
Gold Creek.......................
United Paracalos...33 ota.
112 t
Salacor Mining13 ot
190 ots,
po Mining....
384sts
Itogons ...............
11/8
Kallace
11/8
$14
Langkata (glu) 8.
3101
341
$3 33: 32.10
Explorations...... d.
Shanghai Loans, S
19.30 Venezuela Gold Fide.
378
$74)
Docks, Wharves,
Godowns, sta.
H.K. & K. Whartes.
Do..
(old)
Do.. (new)}
65 ata. Provideats (old) ...)
Do.
20 ot.
(LOW)...
H.K. & W.Docks
S. China Motor: * A'
Do,
**B
Shanghai Docks S.
HONG KONG DAILY PRESS, WEDNESDAY, SEPTEMBER
CHINA'S SHIPPING
INDUSTRY
Plans For Inland Navigation
(Special, to the "Hong Kong Daily Press(Copyright).]
Nanking, Sept 4.
In order to lessen China's un- favourable balance of trade her agricultural production should be Increased. But as the
present railway and highway system are not sufficient to facilitate the transportation of the agriculturaf products, a network of navigable waterways should be developed to link up the inland rural districts with the main rivers and canals and finally with, the outports.
00
waters. In addition to its present inland navigation routes the Com- pany will undertake services the following. routes: Shanghai- Huchow. Shanghai-Soochow, Son 'chow-Hangchow. and Chinklang- Tsingpu.
11, 1935.
THE NITROGEN
INDUSTRY
Negotiations Now Completed
London Sept, B.
According to press reports, the Yellow River Conservancy Com Internationas nitrogen Agreements mission and a number of the Con-negotiated in Juy by groups re- servancy Commission of the N.E.C. presenting the nitrogen industries has recently submitted to the Conor Belgium, Czecno-Slovakia, der- servancy
Commission a scheme many, Great Britain, Holland, for the
opening up of eight italy, Norway, Poland and Swit-
routes in navigation
inzerland, has now been signed by land waters.. It is under-all the parties, making possible stood that the 'scheme has already confirmation of the arrangements been approved by the Commission aëtween the European groups and and has been referred to the Con- the Chilean industry, drafted con- servancy Bureau of the N. E. C. temporaneous.s, which according-
its technically have now been formally
for consideration of detalls.
the
THE GRAND CANAL The scheme calls for: (1) the opening of the Grand Canal from
Tientsin to Hanchow, making 't
rati-
aed in London.
The agreements are understood to provide for the regulation of sales and prices and the sharing
same
o world markets, "other than the United States, between the par- ties on approximately the lines as hitherto, Due regard, it is said, will be paid to the legiti- mate interests of agriculture.
The agreements are for three years from July 1. 1935, unless terminated sooner.- British Wireless.
MONARCHY PLEBISCITE IN GREECE
(Special to the "Hong Kong Dally
press" (Copyright).3
In this connection it may be noted that the China Merchants' 70/7 Steam Navigation Company, the $11 biggest Chinese government ship-navigable for 1,000-ton steamboats (2) the linking of the Hsiao Ching ping enterprise, has recently ta- ken over and made readjustment Ho in Hopef with the Yellow River and thence with the Grand Canal. to all navigation routes in inland
making it navigable for 1.000-ton steamboats (3) the extension of the 'Wel River from Taokou northern Honan to Linching h Shantung and thence to the Grand Canal, making it navigable for 500-ton steamboats; (4) the open- ng of the Yen River in Klangsu from Shuangchuancha to the Kuan River and thence to the Linhung River, making it navigable for 1000-ton steamships; (5) the building of
a water
route from Paotou in Sulyuan to Chungwei i> Ninghsia by digging a canal from Paotou to the Yellow River in Sulyuan, making it navigable for 1,000-ton steamboats, (6) the im- provement of the Yellow River from Lanchow to Chungwel, mak- service, and recently the companying it navigable for 200-ton juriks; made arrangements to place its (7) the improvement of the Yel- new ss. Hai Yu, 1.888 tons, on the low River from Chengchow to Tai-held within the period originally run between Shanghai and Hainan, making it navigable for phong, via Amoy. Swatow, Hong steamboats from 500 to 1,000 tons; Kong, Canton, Peihai and Hatkou.
and (8) the conservancy of the Thus the first Chinese ocean ser- Kan River in Kiangsi and the vice has been started."
Hstang River in Hunan, making Further development of Chinese them navigable for 500-ton steam- shipping Industry, however, is un-boats. The tuli realization of this the serious consideration of scheme, however. will take National Economic · Counell.least five years.—
178 STD
31018.
INCREASING TRAFFIC In. view of th: increasing traffic resulting from the in- auguration of the new routes the Compány progress to purchase 24 new steamships, with an aggre- gate tonnage of 70,000 tons, A French steamship was purchased last month, and has been put on the Shanghai-Tsingtao run.
It had long been the intention
10 cte, of the company to start an ocean
---
$78
$78
$4
New EngineeringgsS. | ·
14
Hongkawn-
3340
Landa, Hotels, and
Buildings
H.K. Hotels
H.K Lands....8.
Do. 4% Debentures
Mr. Li Yi-chih, Chairman of the China" United Press (by mail),
THE HEAT OF THE
$3.20
$25+
IPA
***
$100
$:00
3201
Shanghai Laude...M.
der
$121
Metropolitan Lands..
the
24
34
China Do...
*$123
Do. Debenturesd.
17
Huapbreys
******
New Asia Hotal
135
Asin Healties "A".
14.
$88
Chinese Estate.......
Cotton Mula
Ewos
$3.70
185
$40
14.
(new,
140
184
Zoong Dings
$25
Wing On Textiles(S.)
$25
Publie Ctilition
The
Tramways
eur
$111
$6
Puck Trams (old)...
Do. (new)...
密
$78) Star Ferries
$72
$17.60 Yaumati Ferries
$17
$8.05
1
Chins Lights 18
38.06
HK. curica ...............
365
$20
* Macau u
!!!!
|$10.30) 11:20/[96
13
22/6
$11.90
$8.20
:::
#
5111
10/8
B'ban Cottons(uldj.)
1 Saudatan Ligint. i.
Telephones (old) ...
Do. (new).. China Buses. tractions
10. (pcef.)......
Industriais
Malabon Sugarz ...
$194
Caldbeck, (ord.)
$13
Macgregore prer,)8.j
$1.80
1 Canton ices
$1
$3
Vementa...ertain ef
***
$20
$7.90
!!!!!!
11
32.15 ↑ Hopes ***........................... $1.90 32
Miscellaneome
$18 Dairy Farma
34.
THEART
Amusemente ****** Ch. Etainment.................| $1.10 Constructions; (old)
24 CLI.
53
37
36
13.05
Do.
(now)
Lane Crawfords......
Mackintos
Nanyang Tobacco...
Sinceresitate Warsons
70 ots. Wm. Powells
$2
$1.35
M. Greyhounds ................ 3. C. Enterprises
90%, Cb.G. 621925G. Bd2. HK. Gort, 4% Loans
prem prem.
ரஜி
$56
D6.
ax
Wallace Harper.......
H.K. Wing On
Do. Vibro Pilenges to
ABYSSINIAN OIL CONCESSION
(Special to the "Hong Kong Dally
press' (Copyright).]
Alexandria, Sept 9. "My agreement with the Emperor of Abyssinia on behair of the Afri- can Exploitation and Development Corporation was properly sealed and signed thus it cannot be in validated by the highest court" de- clared Rickett to a representative of the Alexandria paper "Egyptian Gazette on his arrival at Cairo.
Aaked how he thought the event-
over..
144
285
1152
34
$1.10
25 cto,
$31
$3
$5.40
$3.05
UPPER AIR
Appleton Layer
at
Near the surface of the earth, teors are more luminous than was
the temperature of the air de creases with altitude. The highest mountains are covered with per- petual snow, and balloonists who have returned from still higher regions have reported yet, lower temperatures. These facts of fair- ly common experience have sug- gested that the temperature of the air decreases steadily with height above the earth's surface.
"More refined methods of observa- tion are now showing, however, that the upper air is not cold, anri Professor E. V. Appleton, the dis- tinguished authority on radio waves, has just published convin- that the air at a cing evidence height of three hundred kilometres is at a temperature of at least 1,000deg. centigrade on a summer' day. "...
Athens Sept. 9.
On his arrival here on Monday after his holiday in the South of Germany the Greek Premier Tsaldaris declared that the pleb- scite to decide whether the mon- archy shall be restored will
be
fixed.
Many rumours circulating in the the day indicate the course of cabinet is by no means unanimous on the monarchist question.
1.5
The war minister Kondylis well as the finance and foreign ministers are said to have threat- ened to resign at Monday's cabinet meeting since they could not uphold Tsaldaris' view that the Government must remain neutral til the plebiscite has been taken "The restoration is already an accomplished fact," Kondylis is supposed to have said, since two thirds of the nation is monarchist. Transocean Kuo Min.
SHIPS IN WIRELESS COMMUNICATION
The following ships are expected to be expected, and inferred from this that the upper air was denser to be in wireless communication than had been supposed and was with Hong Kong:- held up by the expansion of the General Sherman,
Prealdent
air beneath due to high tempera-Coolidge, President Monroe, Byd-. ture. Their evidence suggested the ney Maru, Chung Hwah, Heiyo air began to get hot at a height of Maru, Paul Doumer, Havre Maru about thirty-sever. miles, or sixty
and Panama. kilometres.
RADIO WAVES
of 200-400 kilometres. This is now known as the Appleton layer.
This abnormality of temperature at considerable heights at once
SEASONAL FLUCTUATIONS suggested the explanation of the peculiar phenomenon of audiblity Researches largely due to Apple- of explosions, first noted by Pepys ton have shown that the conditions in 1868. He wrote that persons in in the Heaviside-Kennelly layer St. James's Park could hear gunfire remain fairly stable, but; he has new found that the conditions in in the English Channel: which was not audible to persons at Dover. h's own layer fluctuate in an ex- The existence of this effect has traordinary
bending way. The often been confirmed, and the power of the layers depends on the degree of electrification produced
If a piece of copper could be sus-effect is now systematically studied. pended at that height so that if It is due to the bending of the 155 ots, could gain the temperature of its sound waves which reach the layer
...environment it would be meited. The human population of the world is, in fact, living within a ball of attenuated and invisible fre..
#1
82%
153
13
in them by the sun's rays. This vartes according to the season of,
of abnormally, hot air, so that they the year in a quite definite way for come to the surface of the earth the Heaviside layer. The change again at very distant points, and is directly due to the seasonal, pass over the intervening places. change, in the direction of the sun's The existence of an abnormal rays and is nearly twice as great The first surprise concerning theclectrical state in the air was in summer as in winter. It fol- temperature of the upper air was postulated in 1882 by Balfour Ste- lows that the temperature and provided by Tessereinc de Bort inwart, at Manchester, in order to density of the air in the Heaviside. 1893. He sent sounding balloons explain the facts of terrestrial Kennelly layer remains constant, with thermometers up to "great magnetism. Heaviside and Ken- as the seasonal change in bending of honour and respect the concas-nights, and discovered to his nelly suggested this state might power can be explained without sion treaty which as a ruler of own astonishment and the incre be similar to that which can be changes in them Abyssinia he would have to take dulity of the majority of physicists produced in tubes of rarefied air in The behaviour of the Appleton -that, though the temperature the laboratory. Its existence be- layer is quite different. The bend- Nothing Rickett assured the in fell steadily up to a height of about came certain after Marconi's sucing power of this layer fluctuates terviewer was known in either Bri- seven miles, in the neighbourhoon | cess with the Atlantic, radio, be- and is less on a summer than on t-sh or Italian circles regarding his of Paris there was no further fall cause his, radio waves must have a winter acon. This phenomenon negotiations which has been cone up to very much greater heights, been bent by such a layer if they seemed to undermine the whole ducting since March and it was a Meteorologusts discovered that this had got round the curve of the theory of electrification by the
the cur mystery to him how the "Daily limiting height is much lower at earth's surface.
sun's rays, as this ought to be Telegraph correspondent got in- the poles and is about eleven miles It is well known that amateur greatest when the sun's rays are formation of the deal.
at the Equator. No satisfactory radio experimenters discovered intenseat. But Appleton has point Transocean Kuo Min
explanation of the existence or that short-wave radio tranamised out that it can be explained if, this limit has yet been given. slons could be received at very in spite of the increased intensity After De Bort's discovery, had great distances The explanation of the summer rays from the sun. become accepted the upper air was of this phenomenon was given by the electrication of the upper air at Appleton, who proved that, where becomes diluted, owing to a still vaguely supposed to remain a constant temperature up to me the long wayes used by Margreat expansion The sun's rays definite heights. The first definite coni were bent by the Heaviside- I do, in fact, produce more electrl- evidence against this view was for Kennelly layer at a height of 100 fication in summer, but the air mulated in 1922 by Lindemann and kilometres, the short waves were expands, so that the amount of Dobson, who had observed that me bent by another layer at a height electrification per unit volume de
BpBtting! Really, B, your argument sal Italo, Abyssinian war would with your wife last night was most end Rickett declared that Signor - amusing? Mussolini is undertaking a dif- Wasn't it though? And when cult Job but that if he won he he threw the axe at me I thought expected him to behave like a man i l'a split."
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creases and the radio-wave bend- ing power of the air decreases.
It is possible to calculate the temperature necessary to produce suficient expansion of the air to cause the observed loss of bending power. It is found that the tem perature at 300 kilometres must be three to nine times as high on a summer as on a winter noon, and the summer temperature must be at least 1,000deg, centrade
A number of more detailed pe culiarities of the radio layers have
30′ been explained by Professor Appleton with this theory. He re- marks that these extraordinarily large changes of temperature at: great heights prevent the use of a valuable range of short radio waves during a summer day,^ It appears, then, that the gions of the atmosphere at a height of 300 metres are the scene of enormous expansions and contractions of exceedingly ten- a temperature of (200 uous to 1,000
rees centigrade.