MARVELS OF THE
RADIO
Interesting Talk By Mr. D. S. Hill At The Rotary Club.
"The Development of Radio" was the subject of a very inter- esting address delivered by Rotarian D. S. Hill at the Rotary Club yesterday. Mr. Hill traced the history of radio from its cariest days down to the present time and concluded with some advice to the users of modern radio sets.
Mr. M. K. Lo presided at the meeting and amongst the guests present was Mr. L. Kadoorie.
Work Of The Pioneers
Mr. Hill's address was as follows: Later. this Edison. effect, as it The possibilities of wireless tele-came to be called, was investigated graphy seem to have been realized at the Ediswar Lamp Works by by the Spanish physicist Saiva in | Prof. 3. A. Fleming, of the Univer- 1795. He advanced the theory that sity of London. A number of spec- It the island of Majorca, in the al lamps were made for him to Mediterranean Sea. was charged experiment with, and the result with positive electricity, while that of this was the production of the nl Allcanti, Spain, was negatively Fleming Valve, as it was called, in charged, the attraction of the op- 1904. This was no more than & posite charges would establish.com- simple carbon lamp with a metal munication between the two places.plate placed between the legs of a situated about 180 miles from each -other.
The Arst actual experiment. however, which demonstrated that an electrical connection could be established between two distant points with water as the only con necting medium between transmit- ter and receiver was made by the Bavarian Sommering in the year 1811.
häirpin-shaped carbon filament. A current could be made to pass be- tween the filament and the plate with the filament "glowing.,but not in the opposite direction. This led to the term 'valve,' the idea be- ing that it was a kind of electrical non-return valve. The correct term is thermionic tube, or diode. This tube could detect radio signals
much more easily than the me- chanical coherer, and was used a The next step was taken by Steinhell in 1838, when he accid-pany, who found it more reliable great deal by the Marconi Com- entally discovered that by earthing than the crystal, which was easily the terminals of a single telegraph damaged by lightning or heavy
wire the earth could be used as return path. Then in 1866, Dol- bear, of Tufts College Massachu- sets produced his electrostatic me- thod of wireless telegraphy by means of which he succeeded in transmitting and receiving signals between stations a half-mile apart.
Faraday
static
Much remained to be done before the tube could be brought to the stage of comparative efficiency which was reached with the ad- vent of broadcasting. It was an ded-looking affair compared with the present day tube, but it work- eo, and something had been learn- ed of the physics of the thermionië tube.
Thirty Years Ago
It is of historical interest to note that de Forest's claim for his in-
HONG KONG DAILY PRESS, WEDNESDAY, AUGUST 22, 1934.
FIFTY YEARS IN MURDER TRIAL AT THE
HONG KONG
Presentation to Mr
H. Ruttonjee
On the occasion of his completing fifty years of residence in Hong- Kong, Mr. H. Ruttonjec. J. P., a well-known local merchant WELS the guest of honour at a tea party given by the Parsi community at the Gloucester yesterday.
14.
Opportunity was also taken to present Mr. Ruttonjee with a silver cocktail set and a China Clock which was inscribed as follows.
"Presented to Mr. H. Ruttonjee, J. P..by his Parsi friends and welj wishers on the occasion of his fifty | years residenct in Hong Kong.”
The function was presided over by Mr. K. S. Pavri, who, in making the presentation, said that the Parsi Community had assembled to Congratulate Mr. Ruttonjee on the 50th anniversary of his resi dence in the Colony. Mr. Ruttonjee left Bombay on July 29, 1884 and arrived here on August 21 on the 6.5. Berenes. He joined Messrs. P. F. Dava Co. as assistant and after two and a half years, he went to Canton as manager of Messrs. B. P. Karanila Co.. oplum merchants. Subsequently he started a firm of his own as a wine merchant and by his business acumen, honesty and integrity had established him- self as one of the leading business men of the Colony.
Mr. Ruttonjee retired in 1913 and had always taken a keen interest in the welfare of the community. A philanthropist, he always offered a helping hand to those in dis- tress, irrespective of creed or race. thanking the assembly for their Mr. Ruttonjee suitably repiled, good wishes and presents.
the
Among those present at function were Mrs. H. Ruttonjec, Dr. (Miss) P. Ruttonjee, Mr. & Mrs. P. R. Pavri, Mr. R. K. Modi, Mr. R. Pestonji. Mr. Mrs. M. J. Patel, Mr. & Mrs. J. P. Mohvewalls, Messrs. J. K. & R. E. Pavri, Mr. N. Vessoona, Mr. Dastur Dinshaw Bamanji, Mr. R. J. Master, Mr. M.- F. Billimoria, Mr. P. N. Cooper and
Mr. K. Shrof
CRIMINAL SESSIONS
Case To Be Concluded This
Morning
At the close of the evidence for the Crown in the case in which Ng Loi Yuen is charged with the murder of Michael Pines Mr. R. C. H. Lim, appearing for the defence, submitted that there was no case to go to the jury.
The submission was made in the absence of the jury, but the Chief Justice. (His Honour Mr. Justice A. D. A. MacGregor) ruled that a "prima facle" ease had been made out for the ac- cused to answer..
The jury then re-entered the Court Room, when Mr. Lim in- timated that as the accused had already made a statement to the Foilce and a further statement at the Magistracy, the defence was going to call no evidence.
Mr. J. A. Fraser then addressed the jury on behalf of the Crown and Mr. Lim made his address on behalf of the accused.
Accused Confirms Instructions
1J
At the conclusion of Mr. Lim's ly mentioned in the case were put address. His Lordship stated that in as exhibits and the respective he had overlooked one point. He translations read as follows: should have formally inquried from Those who have courage are re- the prisoner whether or not he
quested to be brave men." wished to give evidence or make a "He who dares to kill a European statement from the dock. His will be a great hero. Please be Lordship accordingly instructed righteous and brave men. He will. the Court interpreter to Inquire be a great hero." from the prisoner whether he wished to make any statement."
Mr. Lim: I may say that I was acting under instructions from the
accused.
the prisoner, who repiled: "I was The Judge's question was put to drunk and did not know what I was doing....
never
"I cannot tell you all. If you
our country will students are brave enough to die,} of us should work hand in hand. die. All
pies). Secondly, we should act in Chut" (The Three People's Princi- First we must read the "San Ming
accordance with the book. Thirdly. also read it. Of the 8 million peo- people of the modern age should
so determined as I am become a ple of our country, those who are. Accused confirmed the instructions will be a great hero. Please be
call no evidence. righteous and brave man, and he Yesterday morning. Pte. Sim- come righteous and brave, men." mions of the South Wales. Border- ers described how he groped along one side of the dark nullah through the waters and then returned on the opposite side of the nullah.
His Lordship told the interpreter the course taken by his Counsel to ask prisoner if he agreed with which was to
"I felt something?" said witness.
Chinese. I spoke to him but he which showed me that it was a "I got a faint light from a grating
made no reply."
1
All bore no signatures except the last which had the name of Ng Yick-shan appended.
Counsel's Addresses
As far back as 1845 Michael Faraday had propounced a theory of the electromagnetic theory of Eght. This theory was mathema-
A decided advance was made by tically proyed correct by Maxwell Dr. Lee de Forest about 1907, when
In the afternoon, Mr. Fraser in in 1884, but its physical demonstra- he introduced a third electric or form the earth connection. This
viewed the evidence ness to a convenient water-pipe to
Jury which lasted fifty minutes re- the course of his address to the "tion did not take place until HR grid Into the original Fleming took longer than I had imagined -Herz, the father of wireless tele- diode. thus producing what
at some graphy, proved by a series of bril-known as a triode or three electric gathering audience of
15 and by the time I was finishing a
length, drawing attention to the Witness said that he and Pte. question of identification of ilant experiments that electric tube. This enabled the magniin-watched my preparations with ill-out, but he bit and kicked and it the theory that the man who threw
friends McCarthy tried to get
the waves conformed to the same laws cation as well as the detection of concealed scepticism as to the re-
the man prisoner and the improbability of a light waves, arid also showed signals to be carried out.
was not until Sergt. Gaywood, the children being someone else how they could be produced by
sult and as to what they would R.A.0.0 and Piper Lenton came purely physical means.
hear from such This was
8 device. (This to their assistance that they, were
than the man who was arrested. 1 1888.
was an ex-disposals Government able to frog march him out. Wit-
Mr. Lim in his address told the These electric waves, known as clple involved him in litigation I set the tuner to what I imagin-he found in the nullah.
novation as an entirely new prin- receiver, procured the day before).ness identified accused as the many that they had to weigh and Herzian wayes to distinguish them (with Fleming successfully contest-
consider (1) whether Michael Pine from light and heat waves, were ing the ssue) in the United States was about to operate
ed was near the wave length and Bergt. Gaywood, Pte. McCarthy. (2) was it the accused who threw was thrown into the nullah and determined to have a velocity equal Courts.
the wave-Pte. Sellers, Pte. Kelly, Pte. Bur-bim in. to that of light, or about 186.000tional electric altered
None the less, the addi- metre, borrowed for the purpose of gess and Edm. Lovatt, gave evid-
the whole trning-in to alles per second. This was the outlook in tube construction, and metres, when, without its aid I work.
Chelmsford's 2,700 ence of their parts in the rescue real beginning of practical wireless the tube became not only a detec- heard speech. telegraphy. Two further accidental
Earphones were discoveries led to the invention of marks the conversion of the ther- later a trill from Melba's voice tor, but an amplifier as well. This hastily donned, and a few seconds the necessary means of detecting mionic tube from a mild conven-hushed us all into adlence. British the presence of Herzian waves. In lence into the potent and indespens-broadcasting had begun!" With me 1881 Onesti discovered that loosely able instrument it is to-day. scattered metal Blings had a ten-
were six other people ranging in Here we may pause to reflect that age from a woman of eighty to a dency to cohere when an adjacent the thermionic tube, generally re- coll or wire, which had been pre-garded as a product of the broad- speaking device, but
child of four: We had no loud- viously electrified was inpulsively casting age, was used in radio re-enough earphones to go round, and there were discharged. Further experiments ception nearly thirty years ago! showed that while metal filings Great credit is due to General G inosely packed in a glass tube offer- Ferrie and his colleagues at the ed a high resistance to the passage Telegraphle Militaire for their electric current through early recognition of the importance of an them. the passing of a current of the triode, and for the early round the tube caused the Alings production of this practical need. to cohere, thus greatly diminishing the resistance. This was followed up by Branley, who produced the
The R.A.F. had a system of ra- Branley tube coherer in 1890, and dio-telephony operating in 1917, the very next year Sir Oliver Lodge when communication was establish- demonstrated that this could heed between 'planes and the ground, used as a sensitive detector of ra- but little information was avail- dio waves.
able during the War years of any such development, and radio ex- periments were very naturally ta boo. The first British broadcast, ás
い
Mareoni
Radio-Telephony
I can say that never did the prima spell-bound audience than our donna have a more attentive and
little group...
*
The
!
Counsel suggested the possibility that the children were playing in
der Street, said that four years of two witnesses who deposed that the Swatow Drawn Work Co., Ped! He drew attention to the evidence Wong Blu-kat, accountant of the nullah and were carried away.
ago accused was employed at the they got the impression that the shop as a coolie. On June 21 he accused was trying to rescue one came into the shop saying that of the children. he had just come from Swatow and was on his way to Singapore. Swatow. He seemed slightly wor- He had been chested of $5 at ried but he stayed the night and not see him take any intoxicants. had a meal next day. Witness did
Accused had a brother at the shop named Ng Yik-met,
Wong Kung, police sergeant, said the brother gave him a rat
Mr. Lim further submitted in the course of his address that the children Mrs. Fairburn saw thrown into the nullah did not include Michael Pine,
At the close of the day's pro- ceedings, His Lordship said: "I am afraid that in a case such as this. with a very large number of wit- nesses, the evidence of each one of them must necessarily be con-
an
Hence the "overcrowding of the, a triode and a pentode within the used by all the cars returning from ether. Imagine Hennessy Road same evacuated glass bulb..".
The very latest radio sets employ Race meeting haphazardly and these tubes, and the term 'ave tube
Commissions to allot spaces in the terms of performance. simultaneously!.! It very soon be receiver no longer means what it
ether to the various countries. came necessary for International implied only a year or so ago in
The B. B..C... The dividing line between the old British Brroadcasting Company and the British Broadcasing Corpora- tan case containing accused's pro-sidered carefully and my summing tion-the 'B.B-C-was drawn on De-perty and some letters in Chinese. up will inevitably take some little. cember 31st. 1920. Shortly after What The Letters Said. time." His Lordship' ordered the opening of the highpower sta-| tion at Daventry in 1925, a Com-been found in the basket, previous-moming, an
Three letters alleged to have adjournment until 10 o'clock this mittee known as the Crawford Committee reviewed the whole broadcasting situation from a.Na- Six years later Marconi devised
tional point of view. The finding a new system, making use of the
of this Committee led to the trans- Herzlan principles, and produced far as I am aware, was carried fer of the service from the Com- the first really workable radio- from their Chelmsford station be- operating license of the company
out by the Marconi Company pany to the Corporation. telegraph. Transmission was car-tween February 23rd and March wasy due to expire at the end of rled on over a few miles only, however, and it was not until 1801 th, 1920, when they sent out pro- 1928. that the first radio signals were Tammes of speech and music. On
Some Radio The recommendations of the sent across the Atlantic, from, Ine 15th, the first spectacular Crawford Committee were accepted that would discriminate between
I might at this stage be permit think, Foldhu in Cornwall to Cape effort to bring the new art to the with some modifications by the two rather close stations with reated to explain the meaning of some Cod, Newfoundland.
notice of the public was made Government, and led to the cOR selective set.
sonable faculty, In other words s of the terms employed by set manu-. Use was being made about this from the same station when Melba stitution of the British Broadcast-
Selectivity then,
facturers.-
Colour-band tuning' simply tors of radio signals, notably ga-section of it able to listen-in. The ter as from January 1st. 1927. From
particular station without interfer- lena. Carborundum was also found press notices, which I well remem- the point of view of the public ence from any one of a number of to be suitable when subjected to ber, would make interesting "read- there was no visible-or should I sensitivity may be defined as
adjacent stations Eght pressure. The later achieve-ing after fourteen years, and one.
say audible change at all. The the abilty of any set to pick up ments in radio depend upon a de. correspondent to the "Daily Mall" staff, the plant, and the program weak' signals from a station,” which switch which lights up a different! vice which evolved from the elec-suggested that a club be formed me machinery were taken over as
This led to a need for a radio set
Terua
time of certain crystals as detoc-/sang to the world, or at least, that ing Corporation under Royal Char. means the alblity to tune to any means that in a set equipped for.
tric incandescent lamp.
Edison
Director-General,
Overcrowding
under the auspices of that paper a going concern under the execit mught be a high-powered one at a Ito provide oppaa 68al programmes tive control of BL John Ralth, de-
considerable dietages or a local one" The suggested subscription was signated in the Charter as the first of somewhat small output. Fifty years ago, at the time of one guines per year, the amalgamation of the Edison
The brains of the entire radio in- An extract from the "Electrical and Swan interests (Thomas Alva Times" 18 Interesting. This was
dustry set to work with the most Edison and Joseph Wilson Swan written by Jigger who conducts
astounding resulta. In a very few were the Inventors of the electric the Radio Activities' pare in that in foreign countries, and this very simple diode of Sir J. Ambrose Fle- Meanwhile, radio was developing, years there were evolved from the lamp), Edison noticed a peculiarify publication. It reads:The as- soon demonstrated that there is a ming and the triode of Dr. Lee de in the irregular blackening, duringsembly of the apparatus took place limit to the number of wavelengths Forest, tetrodes, pentodes, heptodes life, of the inside of the lamp.... In the scullery because of its near- or channels that may be employed and even tubes containing a diode
the reception of more than one range of wavelengths or channels, the act of changing from one set
or band to another actuates a
colour of lamp behind the tuning
Automatic volume control. is a mysterious phrase. It is a trifle complicated to explain, but roughly it means that if the receiver je ad
tion obtainable, at a time when the Justed to give adequate volume of Botind from the most distant ata- reception of signals from that sta
(Continined on Fate (1)
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