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COMMUNISM IN CHINA
IRON DISCIPLINE AND ENTHUSIASM OF
RED" FORCES
DISPIRITED GOVERNMENT TROOPS MAKE NO HEADWAY
For several months, the Press has given varied accounts about "Red" China and endeavoured to draw attention to the desperate situation among one-fifth of the population of the world. Some people do not require to be informed, they are the ones who are living in the midst of the Communist- conflagration and are moro than anybody else, able to estimate its ravages. The author of these notes has obtained information from the best sources and from the Chinese Frass of Shanghai,.
POLICY OF EXPROPRIATION AND MASSACRE
In August 1932, six or seven pro- vinces were more or less under the communist yoke. The official statis ties should be taken with caution as they tend to minimise the grav ity of the scourge and the follow ing table is given:-
KIANCHI: Twenty million in babitants, 81 districta. In 1930 37 districts were completely "Red," 39 partly so, and only five or six were free.
HUPEH: Twenty six million in habitants, e districts In 1830, only 12 districts, chiefly the dis tricts round Bankow, were free, 25 were Communistic and in 28 other
the menace was losa severe.
FUKIEN: Ten million inhabi- lants, all the Western part, that
This organisation is under strict discipline. The president of the Provincial Soviet gives orders to the local organs. Moreover there ard in each provinco a certain num- ber of Communista or special dele gates for "Hed culture; agrarian delegates charged with the confisca tion of land and its subdivision; delegates for military affairs, for the women's movement, for com munications, at. Each one has its silotted sphere under the control of the Provincial Soviet a power abi solute, and specially chosen by higher authority.
"The local and regional, Soviets have their general meeting on fix ed dates..
Each Chinese family is obliged to send at least one member to st- tend these meetings which are made the occasion for intense "Red" pro- paganda. These meetings last many hours, but in spite of this, they exercise on the people such a fasci- nation that they forget hoth food and drink,
Women and Children.
A great Fuss is made of the wo- men and the women's societies are. allotted the duty of organising pro- those who did not plant are fined.paganda under the supervision of Moreover, in the floods at Hankowa special delegate. They hold meet- last year, the Mandarins employedings and at least one woman of the the flood relief money to start a family has to be present. An campaign for the wholesale dealing amusing point is that on the ocen Lin opium. The Government took sion of these re-unions, one sees Ino action against the responsible young beauties on the platform
magistrates.
helping the "Red” movement being applauded by old meu, for the most part half deaf and blind, who have passed the age of sixty,
The Army,
Passing to the Army, the Chin- ese Army is the largest in the world and bronches of discipline have no equal. All movements of troops are the signal for the worst disorders Under pretext of fighting the bri- gands they do more harm than the Tatter When the brigands come they illege, and when there are either, the Mandarins do likewise
On the subject of marriage the greatest liberty is given and there. Sovist country. From the ages of fore adultery is unknown in a
to 18 children must attend school where they receive a "Red" educa tion and military training and st the age of 6 or 7. child is able to recognise a friend or foe.
of Land.
is, half the Province, has been Com The misery of the people in extreme reneral Confiscation munistio for a long time and a reliable with who made HUSAN: Thily one million in a two months' jonaty in the area habitants. Forty-six districts with between Peiping, Nanking ant 8,000,000 inhabitants are communis hanghai, states that many were tic. Last spring 17,400 people were dying of hunge, and in the army the ratibns were reduced from day to day
massacred.
ANITUI : Twenty-one millions, half the province is "Red."
HUNAN Thirty million. All the Southern part of the provinca is Communistic.
mil
KWANGTUNG= Thirty-two lluns in this province. The "Rod" in fluences are not so marked.
SZECHUEN: Forty-eight millions. Communism is rife, but due to the difficulty of communications, it is impossible to obtain an accurate view of the situation.
Where the Soviet Flag Filen. How is the Communist conquest prepared? The fact that a district. is marked "white" on the official map does not signify that it is free from all propaganda. Only those districts are called "Red" where the Soviet flag, dies, and there are numerous districts which are mere ly waiting the signal to turn red,
Throughout China, the disintegra- tion is well advanced and the Soviet have everywhere numerods allies, or otherwise. Moreover, the students in China are quite un gavernable and frequently their only intellectual gospel is accíaliam, They think that it is up to them to end the crisis in China and put themselves at the head of the move- ment. The large majority of stud
aterial-or
us pass to the, ganisation. Once having entered a district the communists reverse the whole economic and social condi- tions. They begin by confiscating the property of the notables and Ulter RuthlessnGES,_ -
the rich, also that of those who The Reds" are
have taken flight. Then the title- no ordinary deeds, registers and accounts are Pandits, they pretend to pos mystic force, but really it is the thus placed on a footing of equal. burnt. The whole population' are hope to have under their rule, theity, and the Commissars then pro daily bowl of rice which is para-ceed to make a new allotment of mount in peoples' mind.
IN HONG KONG
·TO-DAY
CLOUDY
"YESTERDAY'S WEATHER REPORT, FORECAST AND REMARKS, ISSUED BY THE ROYAL OBSERVATORY AT 5.15 P.M., STATED.
A MODERATE ANTI-CYCLONE, EX-, TENDS PROM EAST CHINA TO CÙN- TRAL JAPAN. MODERATE MONSOON WILL-PREVAIL ALONG THE B.E. CCAET OF CHINA AND OVER THE NORTHERN CHINA SEA
LOCAL FORECAST:-N, WINDS, MODERATE; CLOUDY.
ents are Communists and this How does the Communist con-
land on the following basis.
Adults 5 mows."
Above 15 years-3 mows
Below 15 years 2, mows.. The peasant on whom there is no suspicion of reaction" is given land on the above scale, but he re- ceives poor land which yields a bad rice crop. All the rest of their land is taken away. The seris, on the contrary are given the best "rice land. For the purposes of division soldiers and workmen are classed as sorts.
The buildings are apportioned on the same principle. The result is that the proletariat occupy the sumptuous buildings of the dispos sessed rich, ette
At times one sees the rich offer- ing the poor rice fields and excel- lent houses and hiding themselves in caves, in order to try and paar undetected. On the other hand the serfa ofton do not wish to so cept the property for fear of re prisals after the departure of the
tendence will be increased unless quest operate 1: When the Red "Reds"! As soon as the division,
it,
is finished, the new properties are registered and each man receives a permit to cultivate,
apps tha
State with the State.
A document gives interesting, de tails about the "Red" Army, its strategy, organisation, etc. The frontiers of the Communist districts are closely guard. All communica
the Government take steps to stop as that district is sufficiently worked they send their troops who Peasants Turning to Communism,
usually enter, without opposition. Labour, which in all countries in Disorder is caused looting starta a pray to communism has little and the notables and rich people influence in Chips as industry is are arrested and killed. One has still in a very rudimentary state seen certain of these unfortunates On the other hand the peasants who handing over enormous sums in or form fully 80 per cent of the dar to save their lives; it is abso- population of China, are the basin lutely useless, sooner or later they on which the Bolshavieta wózk.:)-- are put to death; so also are off-tion with non-communistic districts The patient Chinese peasant is cials and reactionary national is forbidden, and the roads are made to work hard and saffers guarda. Members of the old regime much, but patience has its limits and people of doubtful antecedents The regime under which he has had are shot.
guarded by soldiers Inside the Rad" districts sentries are posted everywhere and during the day the to submit for years with one dalam It must be realised that where women and children nasînt in these ity after another has tried him red and white succeed each other. patrol. At night all are forbidden Juties," and at night the guards sorely and thus in the rural innses any man who has definite political to leave their houses and by day the Soviets are recruiting a formid leanings one way or another is able.army.
closely spied on and private-raven permit has to be obtained. Government Responsibility. gea are exacted As regards the and at night these is a special
Spies are posted here and In the actual movement, thera, pensants and women, novice of spies called the listen Covernment is largely responsible. violenc. is shown towards them. brigade,
charged waita Ever sincs the Komintang has been Every dog found is shot, the reason of overhearing cont in power there has been perpetual being that dogs are the guards of the reports are war and disorder and the party property, oppress the people and muzzle pub- lic opinion. They pretend to ory dut down with Imgs more inequality,
According to a report originat locs Bureau of Public Safety, the ing from the Ministry of Com population of Peking is 1,400.000 nimfications, Chinese shipping Of this number 839,704 are- males, firms have custoined a loss of There are 863 resident foreign who have orted the lo 24,215,000 as a result of the Bino families, with a total of 2,847 for built uptuous ho Japanese hostilities in Shanghai Poigners. The statistics also show countries and last year.
stilitie
that Peiping has 68 churches, 116
According to the statistics pub-hospitale, 970school, 1898 tem
lished last week in the Perping ples, 250 guilds and 101 ber vernacular newspaper, the Chen Besides thase, there Pio which attributed them to this and
Soviet Organisation.:
personal
Lenthusiss recention Hava thay knot, come, to redress the with the wrongs committed by the Bour "and"peas... | Leols?” but, people rapidly, tire of ince has its Choka the new Regime. The shopa; are the sub-divided into sub-wpen and cheap rice can be b
Each district conn abundance, but the ord ome twenty villages and primary necessities are ) lacking. The oach village has a mayor, or -pre- | such as salt and pharmaceutical Breas Isident,
(Continued on Face_6))
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