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MEDICAL REPORT ON HONG KONG FOR 1931
RAVAGES OF PULMONERY DISEASES.
MALARIA 'AND EPIDEMICS HELD IN CHECK.
The Medien and Sanitary Report for the year 1001 by the Diretor of Mediest and Sanitary Services, the Hon. Dr. A. R Wellington, gives a mass of lucid and interesting information an the way that the great campaign for good health is conducted.
The Report anggests that we have been lucky in Hong Kong in escaping epidemics, considering the overcrowding, especially in Vitoria and the conditions of life. We should not, for instance consider ourselves "immune" from plague. The decrease of malaria cases is striking-fifty per cent. since 1923, and small-pox cases were down to fifteen
The recorded infant mortality rate is still appalling-017, per thousand among the Chinese compared with 61.8 among Europeans,
We give the following extract! :--
HIGH INFANT MORTALITY.
Death Este.
One of the most important events of the year from the public health point of view was the Census.
Non-Notifiable Infectious Diseasen Tuberculosis.
HONG KONG DAILY PRESS, WEDNESDAY, SEPTEMBER 21, 1932.
HARBOUR DIVING THE BUDGET FOURTEEN HOURS
TRAGEDY
EUROPEAN DIVER'S MYSTERIOUS DEATH
Yesterday afternoon when a Euro- pean diver. Mr W. R. Stephens, who had recently arrived from Amoy, was being lowered in to the harbour for diving operations, buly bles of air were seen coming to the surface. He was immediately haul ed up. On hie diving suit being
4
WIS
undone it
found that Mr. Stephens was unconscious Arti ficiat reapiration being of no nynil he was conveyed to the Govern ment Civil Hospital, whore on arrival life was found to be extinct.
./
HOUSING IN HONG KONG,
HOW CONDITIONS HAVE WORSENED.
OPINION OF THE D.S.M.
TWENTY-SEVEN AND A HALF MILLIONS.
COUNCIL MEETING
TOMORROW.
At the meeting of the Legislative Council to-morrow the following Budget statement will be sub- mitted:-
H.E. the Governor......$ Colonial Secretary's De- partment and Legisla
tura
Secretariat for Chinose
Audit Department ...... District Office, North
Affairs
Treasury
|
I
District Office, South .... Post Offer
Wireless Telegraph Ser.
vices Imports Office Harbour Department ... Air Services
and Exports
Royal Observatory ........ Fire Brigado Supreme Court Attorney-General........... Crown Solicitor's Office... Official Receiver Land Office
Magistracy, Hong Kong.. Magistracy, Kowloon ...... Police Force
Medical Department.......
The Director of Modical and Prisons Department
Sanitary Services (the Hon, Dr. A. R. Wellington) in the course of his report for the year 1031 makes the following tremarks on Housing in Hong Kong-
The site on which Victoria atands
Pulmonary Tuberculosis ranks second to broncho-pnoumonia 43 The are those who believe that the principal cause of death.
The the Census figures for the urban total number of deaths. was 1,683, population understate the facts, it that for 1030 being 1,004. The being alleged that mumbers of the death rate por millo was 2.00 Chinese of the lower classes refused compared with 2.62 for the previous to cater their names on the forms year. It is, probablo that the deali supplied in an effort to avoid hav- figures form a incomplete index ing details of themselves entered on of the prevalence of the disease in official registers There is, how the Colony as many, who would ever, no proof of this for the chief have died here had they remained, enumerators for the consus wero the returned to their nativo villages in same Sanitary Inspectors who made Chinn there to end their lives among the restricted census for the esti their friends and relatives. mates, and they would be in a bet. It is estimated that for every is a narrow strip of land 4 miles ter position than any other to death there are at least ten per-long by 1/5th. to 9/3ths. of a mile know whether there had bean any sons suffering from open evasions.
culosis. This means that there were broad lying at the northern foot The crude death rate for 1930 was in the Colony during the year un- of the mountain and separating it not 16.14 per mille as published der discussion 20,000 living incuba but 21.38 per mille and the death tors of disease. When it is realised from the sea. The total area of races for the various diseases were
available space is about one square higher in proportion.
mile or 1/32nd of that of the whole Judging from the death returns
island. Limited in front by the the healt. of the Colony was not so good as in the previous year.
sea and behind by the steep slopes The crude death rate was 24.88 per
of the mountain there remains mille as compared with 91.33 the
hardly an inch of space which has revised rate for 1930.
not been occupied for one porpose or another.
Respiratory diseases accounted for $25 per cent of the total deaths the percentage for 1030 being
38.05.
tuber.
that tuberculosis is more infectious and more deadly than leprosy the dangers of spread of infection be- come obvious.
There are no sanitoria and no infirmaries other than the Chinese Hospitals where poor tuberculceis patients could find shelter and treatment and where at least they would cease Ko be ย others.
danger to
It is hoped that, when the new G.C.H. is built in the open. on the The principal diseases causing sunny side of the island provision dew.h were bronchopneumonia, pal will be made for the accommoda nionary tuberculosis, bronchitis, tion of tuberculosis cases.
pneumonia, infantile diarrhoes and diarrhoea.
The overcrowded houses combin-
Leprosy.
That portion of the town where the working classes reside has an area of roughly 300 seres and in this space nearly 200,000 individu- ala find accommodation giving a density of approximately 1,000 per
BLUTE.
Sanitary Department Botanical and Forestry'
Department .....
Pensions
**
Education Department ... Kowloon-Canton Railway Volunteer Defence Corps Miscellaneous Services Charitable Services.... Public Works Depart- Public Works, Recurrent Public Works, Extra-
ordinary Naval Arsenal Yard and
Kellet Island
mont
IN CPEN SEA.
TYPHOON CAPS/SES JUNK OFF HAINAN.
DERELICTS CLING TO OVER. TURNED VESSEL.
A graphic story of the harrow. ing experience which bofull them, 192,105 was related by ten Chinese Jokir who were rescued on Sunday last, when they were brought ashore from the Comdt. Henri Riviere 199,495 which arrived here on Monday 305,732
323,420
110,473 evening at 5 o'clock from Haiphong
and Pakboi.
84,530
Their junk, of 800 picule capac.. 58,443 031,004ity, had bean regularly engaged in trading up and down the coast bo 104,735 tween Pakhoi and Hainan.
According to the survivors, they 638,309 were endeavouring to make. Hainan, 1,279,113 when, at midnight on Saturday, 149,239 they ran right into the thick of 74,786 the typhoon and their craft was 308 03 immediately capsised
281.143
One of their number, who had 67.810 beshill for some days, on being 62.885 precipitated into the soa, sank with 32,484 out, warning and was not soen .74 287 gain,
Fierce Fight for Life.
82,013 50,067 3,140,131
The remaining men put up a 907,852 valinnt light for their lives, and 1,599,377 throughout the night they clung 1,114,897 tenaciously to the masts and rigging
of the vessel. When morning broke 133,706 they were still drifting helplessly 2,042.290 and were rapidly becoming exhaust. 1,021,631 ed, when at about mid-day they 161,210 sighted a ship, and were successful 1,477.300 in, drawing the attention of the
189,510 lockout 1,894,000 In this precarious position, they were ultimately picked up by the 2,809,099 master of the Cadt. Henri Riviere, 1,609,500 (Commander P. B. Morgante) at 2 o'clock on Sunday afternoon, 3,067,023 after having been in the water for fourteen hours. The exact position 500 000 at which they were picked up was
13 miles N, 00 E. off Kofu Hill.
Total.....827,585,149
The survivors, who were handed over to the Harbour Authorities yesterday morning, displayed very little signs of their unnerving ex- OPIUM SMUGGLERS FINED.perience. They all appeared to be
young men.
SEVERAL OFFENDERS IN
COURT,
Several opium smugglers were charged beofre Mr. Schofield at Central Magistracy yesterday.
its raw state was found concealed A total of 92 tagls of opium in
in two baskets and an earthenware
CANTON MILITARY
EXPENSES.
ALL-ROUND CUTS.
Canton, Sept. 20.-In his address
Narrow Lanes; High Houses.
with its rapid rise of land near the The conformation of the site
sea-shore led in the early days to the erection of houses on the norjar which a woman was carrying at the weekly memorial service held row strip, of land near the harbour as she disembarked from the 5.8. yesterday morning at Government and extending a little way up the Tung On from Canton. She was leadquarters, General Chen Tsai lower slopes of the mountain the fined 82,000, or eight months' hard Tong, Commander-in-Chief of the houses being separated by narrow labour, by Mr. Schofield this morn-1st Group Army and standing com. lanes and alleyways. When the ing. population was small
mittee member of South West Poli- houses only one and two stories in arrested with 58 taels of raw dpiam situation which bas developed duc In the case of a man who was ticul Council, spoke of the tense height, the situation was not untied around his legs, his Worship to Japan's recognition of the pup- satisfactory. As the population in imposed a fino of 81,000 or two pet state of Manchukuo. creased the houses were heightened months' bard labour. to four and five stories without any corresponding widening of the spaces separating thert
and the
Leprosy is a disease which is akin ed with the expectorating habits of to tuberculosis but which is far less the Chinese fumish sufficient ex-infectious and far less lethal. The pianaian for the prevalence of re-number of lepers in the Colony is spiratory troubles.
unknown but considering the great Mosquito-Borne Disenses. and free exchange of population with China and the attractions The mosquito-borne diseases of the offered by Hong Kong it is most Colony are malaria, dengue and probable that the rate per mike filariasis.
None of these are noti- population here is not less than fiable diseases nid somplete incid- that in the neighbouring provinch ence figures are not available. of Kwangtung. There may be 136 lepera fer which is Colony is re Malaria.
sponsible.
Since 1010 there has been no loper In early days of the Colony
A man who was arrested on the malaria was rumpant, being the asylum or leper settlement in either
waterfront with ten tacts of raw chief cause of sickness and death. the Colony or the New Territories.
opium and three mace of the pre- Lepors who are not British sub- To-day owing to efficient drainage.
Year by year the population, con-pared drag was fined a total of there is practically no malaria injects are prohibited from entering tinued to increase, immigration be. $330. the thickly populated portions of the Colony and any such who finding accelerated by unrest in China, Victoria or Kowloon. In the out- entrance may be deported. Lapers Victoria was the centre of trade, and skirts and more open parts of the of Chinese nationality are sent to therefore the centre of attraction. two towns malaria still persists and Canton and those who are British There was little room to build fur- in certain rural arena both on the subjects may receive treatment at thor accommodation and the now island and on the mainland there the outpatient sections of the Gov-comers had to squeeze into the is a considerable amount.
ernment Civil Hospital or at the already The cases admitted to the Ger. Kowloon Hospital ermont Hospitals numbered 586 of,
At Shek Lung in Kwangtung the which eight or 1.36 per cent died. Roman Catholic Mission maintains In the Chinese Hospitals there were a leper asylum whore are ac 1,001 admissions of which 250 or commedated
700 Торега Ը 70 who
SOM
whom .among 93.57. per cent died.
The cases admitted to Govern stated that they came from Hong ment Hospitals for the last seven Kong. In the 1931 estimates provi years have fallen from the 1925sion was made for a subsidy to this fluum of 1,342 1o 360 in 1001.
The incidence among the police of the New Territories for the same period has fallen from 1,203 in 1925 to 148 in 1991,
¡Mission.
Notifiabis Infectious Diseases. The numbers of enses of infectious disease motified during the year and
The total number, of deaths at those notified in 1030 were:- tributed to Malarin was 452, giv-! ing a death rate of 0.60 per millo population.
Dongue.
There was no epidemic of this discuse during the year and only a few cases came under. the notice
of the Medical Officers.
Filariasis.
The discose oxista but, there are no. figures on which to estimate in-i tidence and death rates. Cases of elephantiasis are fare.
Infectious Disences.
Bubonic Plague
Choler
Smallpox
Diphtheria.
Scarlet Fever
Enteric
0
4
overcrowded promisca. Rooms were divided into cubicles which to a certain extent provided privacy but which interfered both with lighting and ventilation.
Tiers of Bunks.
or
GREATER CANTON.
General Chen advocated the pre- sentation by the country of a united front for the recovery of the lost territory in the Northeast and to prevent the country from des- truction following the example of Korca.
He reported on the "Red" sup- pression campaign engaged in by the Cantonese Government forces in regions of the province and on Hainan Island The campaign, he PLANS NOW COMPLETED. Baid, is nearing completion; and before long, outlawry in Kwang- tung will be a thing of the past.
|
Once $4,300,000 Per Monta.
He disclosed that the military expenditure of. Kwangtung during General Li Tsui Hsin's tenure of office as Commander of the Pro- vincial Forces, was $4,300,000 per mouth.
Canton, Sept. 20.-As all avail- able space in the Emporium on Wai Oi Road, Central, has been booked, the Emporium Commission In some houses there are tiers is now arranging for more space on of bunks placed against the walls, the right wing of the Emporium for in others the rooma are divided allocation to merchants and fac into cubicles
cabins cach tories for the exhibition of their measuring perhaps eight feet by goods on October 10 next, at which
time the Emporium will formally In 1920, this amount was reduc eight feet and having-partitions
ed to $3,000,000 per month by the feet in height. These cabins are open its doors. not the temporary abodes of per- Plans preparol by the City Plad- reduction of troops. However, RODA on a voyage but the more orning Commission under the Canton several months later the military permanent homes of the Municipal Government for the expenditure was again increased people. There is little or no room opening of commercial, residóntial, by 3230,000 in consequence of the for kitchens, and latrine accom| agricultural and amusemens areas increase of eight battaliona by order modation is "often limited to pail
of the Central Government. closets on the roofs of the build. ings.
Rise and Fall.
1931 1930
less
0
0
€
то
$31.03
J 3
214 221
Para-tphoid
3
3
Relapsing Fever .....
0
0
Corebrospinal „Fever
23
20
Typhus
↑
1
10
0
19 -18
0
E
Yallow Fover
Puerperal Feyer
Rabies (human)...... Rabies (animal).
Smallpox.
0
Year by your the Sanitary De- partment and the Building Autho- rity have made efforts to improve | the situation and with a consider. able amount of success both as re-
of the city, have bean completed. New malgos, an aerodrome, railway etations and tramway lines, as well as an up-to-date drainage system, are items of the plans.
Vacant Land.
In June, 1831, when the lat Group Anny was formed, the ex- penditure was increased to 84,710,000 To relieve the present residential per month. It was reduced to gards palliative and radical treat congestion in Canton, the Bureau 84,900,000 in February last. By the ment. The task almost sixyphenn Public Works has proposed to end of this month, the expenditure
introduce à new rule requiring may be reduced to $4,000,000. in itself, was rendered more dili cult by paucity of water and by city to put up buildings within a navy which
owners of all vacant lots in the The expenditure of the Canton: opposition put forward both by certain stipulated time.
was 8400,000 par month, has been reduced to $150,000 The infectious diseases of the Co-months this disease manifests itself maintenance of a satisfactory stan Every year during the winter property owners and the occupiers.
Empty lots may thus be subjected per month. The expenditure of the It goes without saying: that the
to a special taa amomuting to 10 Air Force, which was $320,000 per lony may for convenience he classi-in outbreaks which are sometimes dard of sanitation under such con the expiration of the time limit to per month..
per cent, of their market value, at month, has been reduced to $240,000 fed into those which are notifiablo sporadic somatimos epidemicditions is a most dificult problem be allowed by the Government. If under the Public Health and Build- Whatever be the prevalence there is and one which cannot be solved
General Chen states that as the ings Ordinance and those which are always a tendency for the morbid without the willing co-operation of
amity rate to dealms or disappear The most important of the non with the advent of summer on the people. One thing is certain, notifiable infectious diseases are sidering its high infectivity, its crowded and insanitary, no amount ao long 48 buildings are QYCT- Pulmonary Tuberet,'osis and Le terrible disfigurernent and the fre of external sanitation will give prosy
quoner of fatalities, the indifor immunity from disonse "The notifiable disenses are Plague, once shown by the Chinese to the Cholera, Yellow Faver, Smallpox, presence of cases in their mide is Typhus Fover, Cerebro-anina! amazing, All Chinese know small- Fever, Eutorice Fever Pare pox and the presence of a casa in typhoid Fever, Relapsing Fever, a crowded tenement house curcot Scarlet Fever Diphtheria, Puer escape the notice of the occupiers, poral Fever and Rabies (human and animal),
not.
(Continued on Page 8.)
·bo·
at the end of three years, they are anti-" Rod" campaigns oro draw. still empty, they will be then taken ing to a clono, further reduction of over by the Government
military expenditure may Tai Nan Road, Central: Binco ita
The Common People's Palace on affected soon. inception, has been filled to ita
capacity...
Better in Kowloon.
Mr. Chow Tin Ki, Superinten dent of the Palace and well-known With regard to Kowloon the case social worker, bas enlisted the help is different. This city which is of many prominent citizens and comparatively new has been laid officials to give lectures on social out in accordance with modern culture at the Palace on various town planning principles.
days of the week.
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