Page
HONG KONG DAILY PRESS, THURSDAY, MARCH 10, 1932.
THE IMPERIAL EDITION OF SONG BOOKS
Songs of the Highest Class
POPULAR, STANDARD & CLASSICAL
Tenor.
WHY VALVES
OUT."
RADIO B10
'GO
SOME NEW LIGHT ON EXASPERATING TROUBLE,
FEATURES
cr in consequungs
Thus the Aka will be far less crystalling than the MARINE WIRELESS
ment will wear more at its thin | cast-iron. places than it will at othors,
יי
All metals
ACTIVITIES. are orystalline in
息
"If the filament wore evenly all | structure, but a motal which in along its longth it would last for a coarsely crystalline hay vory much very,long period of time without less mechanical strength than įbreaking, "but the fact that the fila, finoly-grainod matal. Consequently, „ment posgossos“ places of smaller dia- as in the instance of the conrely- motor than the rest gives rise to an crystalling options quoted above, The roulern radio valve, embody: Iunovel heating at then areas; and it will be mitch more susceptible to ng as it does so many vast
1931 A YEAR OF DEVELOPMENTS.
Direction Finding.
Band Repeater Equipment. In Direction Finding a steady
Improvements have been made in policy of development has been Band Repeater Equipmnt during pursuoti. The success which has the your. The name accompanied the use of the unalla may perhaps be slightly mis-
band ropes frame loops in place of the large leading as the equipment is suitable open aroials on the Bellini-Tori
phony, speech, gramophone records for reproducing either wireless tole-
or a band. V
system has been further developed into an arrangement suitable for The substitution, required by the use on trawlers. transmission by FC.W. and CW. diameter, roughly 3 ft., but the pe- The loops are the same standard Washington Convention, of park transmission, has been proceeded dostal has been reduĝed "to about
with during the year. Now tkw 1 ft. in height, so that the overall ats on its predecessor, is a long places increnses, so, too, toes the mechanical strains, Strogos, and 1.C.W. Transmitters for use on 600 height of the trawler loops from
Bved article in the majority of in- stances, and it shows practically no inclination to "go out" upen the slightest provention, like the Parlier valves used to do.
Soprano
Yet, sooner or later, every valve ''gões dead" and refuses to fune Mezzo Soprano. Baritone.tion any longer. In ninty-nine Contralto, Bass.
eases out of every hundred, its owner is perfectly correct when he Elizabethan Love Songs.
ascribes the cause of the valvo's Songs of Ireland.
decay to fliment trouble,
Welsh Melodies."
National Song Book. German Folk Songs. Golden Treasury of Songs. (Childrens) Sacred Songs. (all Voices)
Obtainable at
Dub there the matter ends.
The valvo is referred to as having been **Marnt out," and it is cast aside and forgotten in speedily as pow
ible.
Not Really Burni. Out,"
extent of their over-haiting.
"
shocks than the other.
Power is supplied directly to the equipment through, a motor genera tor. No batteries at all are neces
sey,
except when a microphone is
in which chas it is to make use of a special battery for exciting the microphone,
The loudspeakers can be arranged
of harmoniso with the decorations
transportable of the ship or they may be made
ADIO ECEIVERS
RECEIVERS
800 matres have been designed, the deck is "scarsoly more than 4 having the additional advantage "ft: In this manner you get a sort of Now the tungsten metal which over the spark type of transmitters Improvement In Installation. cumulative snowbal: effect The forms the basis of all valve filuments and 300 metres may be chosen been noticeable in the layout of in- A vory great improvement has that any wavelength between 600 state of affars at the thinned places is rather crystalline, to begin with.quickly by the operator.
stallations on board. ship. The
The size of the installation de (of the valve filament does not be- Worse, however, is the fact that The ranges obtained with IC.W.general control of the apparatus is Į
transmitters are frequently twice much more simple and hardly to the ship and the choice of programmes. ponds of course on the size of the come worse evenly and gradually. daring the life of the valve the filn-
the ranges It becomes worne, so to speak, by ment metal gradually increases in tansmitters of the same power, and operation and also increasing the
obtained with spark operator, giving less fatigua in it in required to provide.. leaps and bounds, until ultimately crystalline nature. Therefore, it the advantage to the shipowner of rapidity with which trafe may be the filament gives way at its weak-decreases slowly
handled. This latter point is of but surely in using LOW. is therefore obvious.
Telephony for Trawlers and Small vory considerable importance in ghed spot.
nechanical strength. The flamont
Ships.
view of the increased number ofj becomes brittle, and in this condi- Owing to the demand for skipper-mesenges which are being sent and
pporated installations, special wire- received. less telephone transmiters have During the last "your it has beon been designed for trawlers and necessary in some ships to cater other sall ships. There are two for very exacting special conditions. main types; one of these bas a] Five shipa, the Empresa of Bri- power input of about 80 watts totain," Monarch of Bermuda,
'Carthage, the valve anodes, the other havingCorfu," a power inpus of about 300 watta Strathaver, have received par to the valve anodes. The smaller ticular attention. In addition, type of transmitter is specially has been necessary to includo wire f simplified with regard to the con- less telephone apparatus on two of role so that it can be operated by these ships, capable of giving ranges the skipper.
suitable to particular conditions in which the ships will be used, s
The technical difficulties of wire
$
1.
This fracture of the filament may, of course, take place white the flation it gradually gets more and antis hot; but, more generally, more susceptible to mechanical the heated flament, hulus, itwolf to shock, and also to the local strain, gether, and the fracture takes place set up by sudden heating and slight either after it has codied down or overrunning. Hence, when any of when it is newly heated up by the these conditions crop up, the brittle, current. Houce, for these reasons, filament gives way, thus rendering a valve which was, working quite the valve useless. satisfactorily on a previous evening! miy, on awitching on, he found to In most cases it is really incor-be quite "dend" the following day, reet to speak of the valve's flament The other case which works a
Alament's final downfall a having been burnt out Naturally, which scientists have found easier one if, by some necident, the full force to overcome to a very great extent. of the sel's 11,T. finds' its way across. Suppose, by way of explanation, the flament circuit, the slender life. you have a thin rod of copper and rod of cast-iron of equal dis- meter. You then bring both the rods down with a heavy blow on to a hard surface. Generally, the cop- cast-iron rod will be broken in two. per rod will remain intact, but the
TSANG FOOK PIANO line of the valve will certainly be
COMPANY.
8, Des Voeux Road, Central (Entrance Ice House Street) Telephone 24848
13
TO-DAY'S WIRELESS
PROGRAMME.
(Vontinued from l'age 3),
Variety. Vocal Duct We'll Cling To-
Buther Vocal Dart Moanin' for You." -Noroh Blaney and Gwen Farrar.-B121,
come burnt out,
n
In fact, in such an instance, sor of miniature electrical explo- sion will take place, the flament— most of it, at any rate-being disintegrated muri volatilsed in an instant of time.
A Parallel Case. Now, saw off a piece of the copper rod and compare its cross-section with that of the rod of cast-iron. In passing, perhaps it may he of The cast-iron rod will be found to interest to note that the study, by be crystalline in section, giving, an mins of high-speed synchronous appearance of the rod being com posed of innumerahle tiny crystals, photography, of there filament ex-which, incidentally, represents. the plosions which are set up under the rank state of affairs. inquence of heavy currents had proved very fruitful in adding to our knowledge of the physical con- stants of flamants.
On the other hand, the copper rad's cross-section will have a much finer and smoother appearance. It
By munus of such experiments, HAVE YOU HEARD technicians hays been able to deter mine where the weak places in valve filament lie, and thus. by altering the shape and disposition
Organ Solo-Father's Favour Hes."-Teranes Casey. 5498. Descriptive The Village Black- of the filament, they have made it
amith." Columbia- Dramatic less susceptibla Players.-5660.
Orchestral Mary Rose Pre-
Jude." Orchestral Mary Rose - The Call Court Symphony Orch. -4900,
Vocal „Duet Mon Coeur."
Maurice Chevalier and Yvonne Valloc.
Song- Jo. Ne Dis Pas Non."
Maurice Chevalier (Baritone).—
4402.
6 p.m.-Local time and weather
report.
8.03 to 10.30 p.m.-Chinese concert
from the Studio. 10.30 p.m.-Rugby mid-day Press
nows.
10.33 p.m.-Close down..
All records in the above Euro pean programmes are supplied by Messrs. Anderson Music Co.
Latest
effects.
...
to
averheating
It Just Goes "Dead" All that, of course, is by the way, because there is no gainsaying the fact that if you try to apply Co or 100 volts to "any self-respecting fila. ment, things will turn out rather unhappily for the latter.
In all ordinary cases,
a valvo goes "dead" quite suddenly. It may have been functioning perfect- ly well on one evening, then, when you go to switch on the set the fol- lowing day you find that something has gone wrong, the something proving, on investigation, to be a
dud valve.
Here are st of long-wave and short-wave stations which should be picked up by anyone in Hong Kong who has a mode. rately good set suitable for r8- ceiving such signals, Buscais in picking up these stations also: depanda very largely upon lay- qurable atmospheric conditions. Readers are invited to add to this list should they succeed in ploking up any station not in oluded in either of these liets. "
Obviously, in all such cases fila ment disease (so one might put it) is the trouble. But the reason? In most instances it is a mystery.
Hero, however, are the causes which, working together, slowly but surely tend to bring about any file- ment's final dissolution. Looked ati with the naked eye, or even under a strong hand lons, a now. valve iamont appears to be perfectly uniform in Cross-section or dia-
43.5 Roma meter throughout its length, Even 42.
Forth under a microscope, the filament
BRUNSWICK looks pretty even in thicknes.
and
MELOTONE
RECORDS be one such place. There may be,
-Obtainable-- -from-
THE
BRUNSWICK HOUSE
Arcade, Gloucester Bldg.
67.05 60.12
and
Dificult Problem, This sio increase in brittlenesa takes place concurrently with the development of unequal areas of
The wave range of the 60 watt cross-acction in the filament. Care-transmitters when ekipper-operated ful drawing of the flament wire in miniraised the production of fila may be added to provide telegraphy siderable in themselves, and the the first place has very greatly, but where necessary an attachment tween ship and shore are very con- is 100-120 metres for telephony, less telephone communication ́ba-
ments, with serious inequalities in diameter, but up to the, present this phony and to agraphy (C.W. and sufficient extent to give a good com- on this wave band and both tele-overcoming of these diffoullies, to i potential source of lament trouble...) over the wave band 600-mercial service, is no menn font in has not completely been eliminated. 800 metros, The 300 watt set pro- the technical work which has been
And, Anally, as rogards the second vides telephony and Ito be noted that many firms have bands 100-220 metres and 600-800 mente
cause of a filament's demise, it is
telegraphy; done in the last year. Undoubted. į (O.W. and I.CW.) over the ware ly, as experienes is gained, improve- patents relating to the addition of
metres. certain substances to the filament
nchievement in this particular metal. which have the effect of re-
The receiver in both cases has a direction is remarkable having re sarding its slow Interbase in crystal-tros.
|wave-range of from: 100 to: 2,000 megård to the difficulties which have line nature,
boon encountered:
These twin problems of filament physics are not yet completely con- quared; but, nevertheless, the
medern radio valve filament is in many respects, a model of perfec tion, considering the many great difficulties which are inherent in its commercial production and manu- facture.-Popular Wirelése.
THESE?
/LONG-WAVE STATIONS.
Call Kilo
Bign oyale
Wave length (Metres) Station
960 Manila
KZL.B. 1,158 277 Shanghai K.8.M.S." 1,083 346 Tokyo. J.O.A.K. 870 353 Hiroshima J.O.F.K. 860 355 Hong Kong 2.B.W, $48 357.1 Bombay V.U.B. 840
J.O.LK. 381 Sapporo,
8:30 J.O.D.K. 330 300 Keijo
J.0.0.3. 810 V.U.C. 800.9
200 380 Kumamoto J.0.G.K. J.O.E.K. 300 Sendai
TO J.Q.A.K. 760 3.0.B.K. 750 O.M.B. 739 K.Z.R.M. 625
370 Nagoya
370.4 Calcutta
308 Dairen. 400 Osaka 430 Canton
480 Manila
45
SHORT-WAVE STATIONS:
"STATION.
CALL BIGN
Tix (llana Kona} OF WORKING
KILO
B17313
Dobintz (Germany) A.7.K. 4,484 Mon., Wed.& FÀ,5 jam, &.3 'n‚m
Mosco
8,000 Tues, Thurs., Sat., 8 p.xx.
7,142
Daily 8.60 p.m. & 11 p.m.,
7,310 Not regular
Khabarovsk (Russia) BL97. Nationw 16.7 50.
4,9008-10 p.m.
A.G.J.
5,291 Not regular
RIN.
1.M.A
6.880 Bunday midnight
6.A.G.
41.8
Singapore
V.8.1.A.B.
33.8 Kootwijk (Holland)
P.C.L
17. Bangkok (Biam)
$6.2 Bydney
32.53 Malbomme
91,48 Schenectady
2.11.L. 8.10. W.9.X.A.7.
9,580 Dally 7 a..
7.730 Daily 1 p.D.
SAPJ. 8,108 Tues. & Fri., 9pm,
2.F.C. 7.0.0.
31.30 Bludhoven (Holland) P... 31.28 Sydney 31. Nairobi (Konya) 28.6 Bydney
| 2.M.E. Bandoong
P.L R Chelmsford (England)}-6.8,W.--
27.8
Uneven Wear the Cause. Generally, however, if you closely examine the whole length of a now filament under a microscope, you will discern planges in which the fila- ment is thiner. There may only
~26.53 miny such places, and even in a valve whose filament, by some good
24.5 chance, is perfectly uniform-in - 28.38 thickness, throughout" ite antire length thers will be some disturb ance of this uniformity of cross- arction at the point of attachment of the filament to its electrodes.
לן
0,280 Not regular
9,409 Not regular
9,890 Fri, 8 sm. Bat. 8 mm. & 10 a.m.
0,500 Not regular
0,577 Midnight daily
10,826 Not regular
11,020 Midnight-- a.m. dally
11,751 : 7.80 p.m. & 8 am, daily, eroopt
Saturday and Sunday
E.LXE. | 12,240 Nightly"
16,102 Dally 0.30 p.m. to midnight
| 16,904|| Daily 7 p.m.
17.280 Dally 8 pm, to midnight
Manila
Schenectady
W.2.IO.
12,800 m Wed, Fri., Bat.
18.88
Bandoeng
P.L.G.
18.4 17,4
Kootwijk (Holland)
P.Q.L.
Bandoong
P.L.F.
Bangkok
HELPJ
10.3 “Kootwijk (Holland)
FOK
10.741
Bandoung ~Nanny" (Pranowy:
P.LA,
Now auch-a-filament really begins | 18.5 its working life-under-a-diandvan-18:02 Pittsburg- tage. When it has areas of mullor
diameter than its average diameter,
it is obvious after reflection, that
those areas will heat up more than
the rest of the flament. The elec
17,751 Sundays 7 pm & midnight-
18,406 | Baoli afternoon.
| 19,220 | Daily 5,80—7 p.m.
22540-Not regular
[Allowands must be made for !! summer-time ”. in. most Euro-v
tronie emission will be rather great- ̈ ̈ ̈pean countries, which is one hour ahead of true time,]
!|
Let us demonstrate to yout The MARCOMPHONE
The
SUPERHETEROGRAM The Badio Gramophone
without a peer
A.C. Mains operated;
ELECTROTECH
4 and 6 valvos Table Models AC Mains operated
with attachment for
Gramophone pick-up,
You owe it to yourself to listen to the above before buying your next Sat.
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54, Queen's Road, Central, 1st floor
New Thrills for Radio Fans!
TWO OUTSTANDING "PILOT" SUCCESSES JUST INTRODUCED INTO THIS COLONY.-
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11-tube Super-hetare dy
ALL-WAVE
RECEIVERS
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By the mere flick of a switch you can select your radio entertainment from the wide, wide, world-from England to Hong Kong. No coils to plug in- nothing to change. The Pilot ALL- WAVE Receiver is as simple to operate as an ordinary set!
PILOT
Short-wave Super-Heterodyns
Tel. 22178
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The long-felt need for converters has eventually been met. Your present long-wave radio set can now receive abort-wave broadcasting from all over -- the world by the use of a Pilot Super- beterodyne Converter. Simple to use. Extremely low in prico. No meddling with your present receiver necessary. Suitable for Atwater Kent and any modern receiver.
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The Only Authorized and Aporadited Bols Agents For B. China
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of Pilot Radio and Tabe Corporst
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