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THE EXPRESS LIFT COULD SMITH, MAJOR & STEVENS, LTD, EXPRESS SMS
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OPAQUE
WHITE
a+
Berger Product
INTERIOR EGGSHELL GLOSS FINISHING
非
-ONE COAT EQUIVALENT TO TWO
COATS WHITE ZINC.
W. R. LOXLEY & CO.
YORK BUILDING, CHATER ROAD.
HONG KONG DAILY PRESS SATURDAY DECEMBER 19, 1931,
ENGINEE
ND
SUBSIDIARY WATER
SUPPLIES.
TAPPING THE UNDERGROUND
SOURCE BY DEEP WELLS.
USE OF EXPLOSIVES IN DEFLECTED
BORINGS
The problem of niequate supplies. Thus it is that many are often of suitable water" must "necessarily exercised as to the best means to constitute a first thought in any ensure this supplementary yield project involving the installation of new works and the faction of which vitimately may replace ori any number of new dwellings. ginal resources because of diminish Abundance of water of the desired red costs of production with its con- properties must be a principal-if tribution to the reduction of the not the most important-require total cost in the case of manufae, ment under these circumstances.tures, and produce Water must be regarded as one of Alternative supplies are not ins the most important necessities of frequently to hand, but there then life, as without it industries can- enters the problem of the resources not be maintained or more im, and quality of the water available, portant' still-can the health of the a matter of greater moment than local community be guaranteed. is sometimes recognised. Easily It would appear to be quite true accessible water may be attractive
of its main passing over the into four parallel piper sach-ed"
11
Ha had bona Spersonal controt With an acoustic-éproblem-in tho casa of a building designed for uvn church which, when completed,
complaints.
There may be avern methods of diameter, the depth of the bridge, determining whether or not water sasily accommodating this dianter etrists at boy "near a given joon!ity," of pipe. Altogether, therefore, the was found to have very bad acote-
tic properties. When This is unsentially a matten for the work comprises some interesting | Phydrogeologiste wha-should-byeon-future which redound to the creditwayo made to the architects, the sulted before any decision depen bath of those responsible for the latter and replied that the building had bag designed as a church and dant poufer supply a takem design and also those who put the
net zë in" andithriam. Enlighten- There is now available a large bold idea into realisation.
mont, however, was now spreading - amount of data relative to the whole Aseanothun alastration of Axe... among archizants, who were begin- problem of underground water al cant installation it may be mentioning to realise that there was though at times it may be admitted that theart nenzing complainder of opusti
A Well as or that some exceptionel and very un- expected decurrenogs have been 1 noted, large volumes of known water having disappeared without any trace of their destination,
The problem then resolves itself per hour ch) representing borehole, and the installation of into one of making the suitable capacity of approximately 5,000,000 visited the broadcasting studios in
gallons per day.
Berlin, and had noticed their adequate pamping appliances. Un When starting up an installation favourable situation, which would der inany urgent conditions the there may be some temporary an-shable the buildings to be spread deep well has solved many difficul-xiety, as to how tie pumping will out if necessary, and thus greatly tion in water supply, and where affect the underground level, and a simplify the acoustic problems. large supply is needed no better careful test must in every case be Professor G. W. 0. course can be taken than that of muder Usually it considered Engineering. consultation with those who, from that such a test should be run over long and wide experience of the problem, can be relied upon to offer the soundest advice and who are best qualified to appreciate the difficulties which may attend the clavation of auch underground Jation from adjacent areas, and, as;
tion two del chameter bores folumination Rougir tests made the East Surrey Water Company.in the church referred to showed These pass to a depth of 20ft into that the roverberation period vas the chalk, and will supply water at about a seconds, so that at the back a minimum rate of 100,000 gallons of the building speech was quite unintelligible He had recently
total
-
Howe in
4400 PRIZE DESIGN,
period of at least twenty-four hours, so that some accurate iden can be gathered of the rate at which the water supply, depisted by pump- ing, is being made good by accumu Mosers. William A. Pite, Son,
gem Vand- Fairweather, of Queen Anne's- gate, London, have been awarded
that towns have necessarily sprung because of reduced first cost in its water and; if needs bo, supplement has been indicated above, some very the first prize of £400 in an open
it is required.
the water for the purpose for which drastic treatment has been success competition for the best design of a fully resorted to in order to effect now tuberculosis hospital at Sully, near Cardiff, to be built by the the required drainage from the Welsh National Memorial Assosia adjoining strata.-Daily Telegraph. tion, at a cost of £180,000.
EFFECT OF EXPLOSIVE
CHARGES. 11
it with further treatment to quality up in districts in which this prime utilisation; but the matter should stovessity of life and of industry is be judged on deeper and firmer prosent. The time may, however, "foundations, for very often thoru como--as indeed it has come to a may be to hand large quantities of number of important industrial water not at first obvious to the centres in England-when local seeker, and the countless number of water supplies are not adequate to wells, many of them going some increasing populations, or develop-hundreds of feet down into the ing industry,
strata of the earth's crust, must im- Under such circumstances supple-press the lesson that there is stored mentary supplies have had to be underground enormous quantities of sought further afield, notably in the water which can become accessible cases of several large cities in by boring and pumping. England: But the problem is enn. tinually arising on the smaller scale, and adequate water supply, preferably of an independent char acter, should constitute a first casen- tial in the choice of a site for a new industry or estate.
This is equally the case where agriculture is concerned. Reduction of costs of production of foodstuffs must, to some extent, depend upon this factor of ample water supply. Water le, in fact, among the most essential things in every depart- nent of life.
ALTERNATIVE SUPPLIES.
A new departure in securing un, dam derground water, which involves the use of explosive charges, is that ra gently put into operation at the new Josephsroad pumping station at Guildford, which comprises three boreholes equipped with turbine pumps driven by electric motors. As far back as 101 a bore bad been
drilled and pumping was effected with a steam-driven set, this serving the immediate requirements.., In
This deeply sealed water has not cumulati after percolation through depth of atrate which have fun tioned not only as Alters but also purifiers. There is thus the freedom! from pollution which too often occurse of time, however, ¿wo, für- ther bores became necessary, the cars with shallow wells, especially brat of which was fitted with an in the vicinity of farms, Sooner or electrically driven turbine pump. later the water meets an impervious stratum leading to its acumila
tion.
DEEP WELL WATER.
With this second bore adequate tests aboved the satisfactory yield, but no that of the third bors WAI made until recently, when the now pumps had been installed: It was then found after some time that the last of these bores was yielding a supply which was far below that expected. To increase the yield, therefore, a. decision was made to drive deflected horings" from the main bore and to axplode charges. in these defreted bores rather than in the main bore. If this course was successful it would save the cost of a further bore.
Not infrequently such water is found below impervious rucké, hav- ing found its way there owing to the particular geological formation. The importance of the problem is In fact, the name artesian well was expressed in the attention which arst applied to the boringe sinde to has been given and the costs which eenver auch water, which in some have been incurred by local authori- cusos was stored under such pres ties to guarantee proper water sup sure that it wa forced to the ahrface plies. Increasing demani, owing to of the earth when once the boring population increases or industrial had reached the underground lake needs, often developa a scarcity the cost of pumping, being tits The experiment turned out to be which adds more than inconvenience eliminated, even if only temporaria great success, more water being produced than had been obtained trout either of the previous, boros. This quite row departure in under-
to the consumer, and alternative" fy. More frequently, However, the supplies are, therefore, to be strong water assumes a definite low level ly urged in every case where such re- from which it must be raised by one strictions in the use of water are likely to be imposed.
or other of the 'several methods of ground exploration for water pumping.
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The illustration shows the A.P.C. Building, Hong Kong, designed by Messrs. Fulmer & Turner, for which Torman Long supplied the steelwork
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J
158
the first example of the method in England, and it was, therefore, decided in, follow the same courge with the other two bores, operations. which again proved effective.
A further difficulty, however, aroso,ith the original bare which had been inperation since 1914, as this was now found to be marked by the presence of sharp saud, the presence of which he seriously damaging the pudr. I
There was no alternative to filling in the bre with gravel and scaling the top with clay, this procrturo necessitat ing the drilling of a substitute boré, so that the three pumping units are not in line in the station.
LARGE CAPACITY WELLS
A now quipped any two of thes hurehole are capable of yielding 1428,000 gallons of water per hour. The puns are provided with lower and upper actions, the lower elevat- ing the water to a height of mft., the remaining clevation of 270ft, be- ing undertaken by the upper section of the púẩm.
of
Yet another difficulty arose in tho distribution
this increased i volume of water, as the necessary 18in main could not conveniently Tccommodated in the shallow rond over a railway bridge. To
Use Green Island Cement
for
Constructural Work of
Every Description.
HOW GREEN ISLAND CEMENT IS MADE
Green Island Cement is manufactured from hard limestone and clay, It is necessary that these materials should be finely ground in order that they may come into intimate contact with one another in the burning process.
The finely pulverised materials are mixed in a certain definite proportion, roughly one part of clay to three of limestone, and are fed to.... the Rotary Kilns.
In these kilns they meet the hot gases and flames generated by pulverised coal blown in at the other end of the kilos, and after various chemical actions have taken place, they combine to form Portland Cement Clinker
small
The Clinker is ground down with a percentage of gypsum to regulate the setting time, and Green Island Portland Cement is thus produced.
Although sounding so simple, in reality the process is an intricate combination of mechanical, Chemical operations, needing great physical and chemical
skill and care. Nothing but constant and accurate supervision will yield the results <80. well-known with Green Island Cement, hamely, strength, uniformity and reliability.
USE GREEN ISLAND CEMENT
Issued by the
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GREEN ISLAND CEMENT CO., LTD,
2ND FLOOR
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