Page
Use Green Island Cement
for
Constructural Work of
Every Description.
HOW GREEN ISLAND CEMENT IS MDAE
Green Island Cement is manufactured from hard limestone and clay. It is necessary that these materials should be finely ground in order that they may come into intimate contact with one another in the burning process.
The finely pulverised materials are mixed in a certain definite proportion, roughly one part of clay to three of limestone, and are fed to the Rotary Kilns.
In these kilns they meet the hot gases and flamee generated by pulverised coal blown in at the other end of the kilns, and after various chemical actions have taken place, they combine to form Portland Cement Clinker.
The Clinker is ground down with a small percentage of gypsum to regulate the setting time, and Green Island Portland Cement is thus produced.
Although Bounding so simple, in reality the process is an intricate combination of mechanical, physical and chemical operations, needing great skill and care. Nothing but constant and -accurate--supervision will yield the results-so- well-known with Green Island Cement, namely, strength, uniformity and reliability.
USE GREEN ISLAND CEMENT
Issued by the
HONG KONG DAILY PRESS, SATURDAY, DECEMBER 5, 1931.
ENGINEERING AND BUILDING
PROGRESS OF THE HEAVY of the heat (given out in burning
OIL ENGINE.
WHAT THE A.P.C. AND OTHER BRITISH
FIRMS ARE DOING.
SOME STARTLING FIGURES.
[BY PROFE. MIDDLETON SMITH)
During this visit to England it has been my privilege to attend several mostings of scientific socie- ties and to visit many engineering "works,
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|trol with regard to new ideas. All of the large manufacturing arms now have highly paid engineers, and other soientists, fully occupied with researches and experiments testing out inventions and improve-
The most arresting development in applied science that has come toments. my notice has been the successful | application of dil fuel, heavier than | petrol or korosese, to..motor trana.
port work.
A few days before leaving Hong Kong an enterprising local engineer invited me to see a quick revola tion heavy oil engine which had just arrived in the colony.
It seemed to me then that the subject was woll worth a detailed examination while in England..
On arrival in London a visit was made to the Head Office of the Asiatic Petroleum Co That firm has always given practical support to the University of Hong Kong They are pioneers in applied science progress in China. It seemed prq bable that the officials would know a great deal about the latest im-
operate to-day on the road ag some- With those higher pressures the thing approximating one-fifth the working part must be built more cost of an equal-powered petrol substantially ban more powerb in do- “veloped for the same size of cylin 'dor:
Indeed it must be realized that for the power developed, these compression ignition engines woigh more than do petrol engines. Ro- searches and experience with new matorials will tend ta. reduce weights in all engines."
Cold Starting Engines. For many years stationary the fuel in the engine cylinder) integies have been available.
semi-Diesel honvy fuel oil on- There useful work, as does the petrol en have not been quick revolution on. gine." The secret of this higher thermal efficiency must be due to the moro porfect combustion in the engines using heavy fuel oil.
The Search for Economy.
One enthusiastic Fasearchist, and designer of fuel oil engines for "torries claimed that the running cost of a 10-ten lorry with Diesel Engine oil was ten per cent. of the cost of a similar lorry using petrol engine. The reader, must of course, remember the cost of the tax on petrol as well as the natural enthusiasm almost exuberance-of the pioneers of transport gines for lorries, 'busses and boats. Last year there were at the Com- mercial Motor exhibition only throw
Of all the new developments in vobicles equipped with engines-burn- engineering work, there are nooring fuel oil... :. more remarkable that the commer cfalisation of the quick revolution engine using not petrol but fuel oil as the source of energy. These engines are being exported to coun- tries all over the world.
This year practically every maker of petrol or steam lorries is now showing a chassis with some type of heavy fuel oil cagine.
I
It seems certain that the time is not far distant when the makers of "The London Manager of one en- private motor-cars will be exhibit gineering firm said "Oh! Yes, we ing the chassis fitted with an oil en- know that they are wide wake in gine. The economy to be gained by China. We have recently" sent out using half the weight of fuel will fifty Diesel-type oil-engined motor-take all car engine designers think 'busses to Shanghai,”
hard about this new type of prime
Cheaper 'Bus Faren.
+
oil consumption on these buses were As no official figures concurning
presented, it would, perhaps, be unfair to the render to repent the
mover.
The Type of Engine.
These quick revolution "heavy oil engines are usually called "Diesel type " engines. The words are confusing. The original Diesel Engines that startled engineers It is, however, quite safe to re-about thirty years ago because of provements in machines using anycord that, in London-and-in other their low fuel consumption, used kind of sit as fuel.
Moreover, they would almost cer- tainly be unbiassed as to the re lativa advantages of engines using petrol, kerosene or heavy oil.."
Amazing Progress.
claims" made.
cities in England, a motor-'bus rups a small air compressor as well as twice the distaped on the gallon fuel injected at a high pressure. of fuel oil than that covered by a Then came the "semi-Diesel type similar bus per gallon "of petrol, of heavy oil engine. This had no burnt in a petrol engine."
outside air compressor, the air was compressed in the engine cylinder and the fuel oil was injected under pressure above that of the compress. ed air in the cylinder.
That fact is startling. At pre- It was in July 1913 that my first sent the cost of heavy fuel oil in visit was made to the London Office | England is soyenty five shillings a cf this Company. The claims for practical sympathy then made on behalf of the Baiversity of Hong
GREEN ISLAND CEMENT CO., LTD. Kong did not fail on deaf ears.
2ND FLOOR,
EXCHANGE BUILDING.
STRUCTURAL STEELWORK
OF OUTSTANDING CHARACTER
THE NEW TYNE BRIDGE, NEWCASTLE
The Arch has a span of 581′feet and contains 4,000 tops of Steel. The approaches contain a like amount. Owing to the methods of erec- tion adopted, both road and river traffic beneath the bridge were uninterrupted throughout the work..
Manufactured and Erected by
DORMAN, LONG & CO., LTD.
STEELMAKERS, CONSTRUCTIONAL ENGINEERS AND BUITGE BUILDERS,
MIDDLESBROUGH and LONDON.
It is of course evident to any one who has known the Far East for twenty years that the A.P.C." or ganisation bas grown.
It was, however, a great surpriss to me to find, in London, the vast extent of the interests of the firm,
It is impossible to exaggerate the (brondmindedness of the outlook of the officials of this world-wide or ganisation. Research works and new developments of all kinds are encouraged and planned.
There is a branch which concerna itself solely with the efficiency of the heat production and using of any kind of oil fhel. If you want to heat water, inanufacture glass, use oil for cooking or power pro- duction, the engineers of this de partment will patiently explain and demonstrate how you may do so in the most economical manner.
Concerning my visits to various justallations, in or around London, where the heat from oil is used for all sorts of manufacturing pur poses, something will be written
later.
This opportunity must be seized, however, to thank everyone connect- ed with the firm, who so cheerfully placed their time and expert know. ledge at my disposal during the
rocant investigation,
"}
Intereating as dre the many and varied applications of oil fuel to domestic and manufacturing pur poses, space will not permit of. description. The purpose of this contribution is to explain why the petrol engine is no longer in the privileged position that it has held
for-pver_thirty years in connection with road transport
The efficient and economical lubrication of the METRO- POLITAN VICKERS. Turbo-Alternators in the Electricity Department of the GRIMSBY Corporation is ensured by
GARGOYL
Mobiloil
VACUUM OIL COMPANY, INC.
ton, and Diesel Oil is eighty-seven and sixpence a ton. Assuming the cost of patrol to be as low as one shilling a gallon, the price then works out at about three hundred shillings a ton. Actually, in Eng- Lind "to-day Combine petrol costs 1/43 a gallon at the pump; eight pence of that goes to the Govern ment as a tax on this fuel.
4
The New Taxatica.
It is almost inevitable if, as many engineers believe, some form of the.
The heavy oil angine used for lorries or other vehicles to-duy works more or less on the above principle of the semi-Diesel type. The best name for these would be the compression ignition oil engines.”*
14
No Magneto-No Carburetter. The fuel is pumped at high pres sure-ntomised—and so forend” into the engine cylinder. It enters s spray, divided up into small particles, The spraying device is called an atomiser. In one of the smaller sized engines, a quantity of oil minute as about one six thou- | sandth part of a pint is delivered for each explosion.
The fuel ignites because the air in the engine cylinder after com pression is at such a high tempera- ture that as soon as the atomised foil gets into the cylinder it ignites
and burns completely.
The
There is no magneto. The vehicle needs electrical gear only for the self-starter and the lighting outfit.
There is no carburetter. atomiser splits up the fuel oil which does not mix with air outside the engine cylinder. The fuel oil burns as soon as it mixes with the air in the cylinder.
The Big Demand.
There is by my side, as I write,
D-called Diesel type of fuel-oil en- a pile of letters from people in- sine is used in dll motor transportterested in the development of these work, that the ravene authorities, heavy oil engines.
will tax fuel oil. At present petrol
7
The makers include the names of is the only fuel that is taxed. The firms famous all over the world for from the taxation of motor trans-petrol engines. revenue obtained in Great Britain their gas engines, oil engines nud
Fort runs into many millions of One firm wfites as follows con- pounds starling. It will be differning their own particular type of the compression-ignition" quick cult, however, to arrange a tax on heavy oil because so much of it is revolution engine:-- used for marine and stationary power production.
Even assuming that, after a time The heavy oil engine has challeng revenue officers and oil companies dita supremacy,
The Old Spirit of Enterprise. We often hear it said that British firms are very conservative and like te plod on the same old rut.
During the last few months it has been my delight to mark in the many British engineering Works visited the alertness of those in con-
"This engine was put on the market in September, 1020, and since then we have delivered from our works and put into actual arrange" that," pound weight for operation over 10,000 hpric power. pound weight, or gallon per gallon, fuel oil and petrol sells at the same price, then still the fuel oil engine is much more economical, because of its higher thermal" officioley.
In general terms this can be simp by expressed as follows. The fuel oil engine converts about twice as much
The engines have been used for marine purposes; for electric gen- erating sets and pumping sets; but the biggest demand has been the application of them to goods vehicles and motor 'bus, services,
them with petrol engines, are amat The running costs, comparing ingly low, and it is safe to my that a Diesel engined chassis will
gines
i
The engines used on lorries run' 1t about. 1,000 revolutions per minute: Some ronch fiore us high as 1,700 rp.m.
The lorry engines start from dend
cold"
There are many other interesting" features of these quick revolution hanvy oil engines which those inter- esting in the subject may discover,
The most arresting fact now in that they are actually at work for road transport purposes
There are two typos. In one the compression pressure does not ex- The makers are experiencing a ceed 350 lbs, per square inch, and boom. It is good news that British the maximum pressure aftor.com engineering firms are able to meet. nation is 400 lbs, per square inch the demand for these engines, not With those higher pressure, cold only from buyers in England, but
pressures in the engine cylinders in starting engines, the maximum (from agents all over the world
a high as 700 pounds per square inch,
ARBOREUM
There will be more economical transport as a result of this recent and remarkable development in power production.
Q
Berger Product
WOOD PRESERVATIVE.
PREVENTS DRY ROT, DECAY AND
"FUNGUS "GROWTHS.
STOCKS CARRIED.
W. R. LOXLEY & CO.
THE EXPRESS LIFT CO., LTD.
WITH WHICH IS INCORPORATED THE BUSINESS OF
SMITH, MAJOR & STEVENS, LTD.
EXPRESS SMS
LIFTS
MODERN LIFTS
FOR
MODERN BUILDINGS
SPEEDY RELIABLE SERVICE
FOR DETAILS APPLY TO¿
THE G.E.C., QUEEN'S BUILDING, Chater Road,
EVERYTHING (SE.C. ELECTRICAL