INTERNATIONAL ASPECT OF
EDUCATION.
OLD ISOLATION BROKEN DOWN: EXCLUSIVENESS AN ACEDEMIC÷VICE:
TREMENDOUS GROWTH OF EDUCATION IN ENGLAND.. DURING LAST 100 YEARS.
Professor L. Forater, speaking at the Rotary Club yesterday; gave his hourers an interesting insight into the trend of modern education. The sponkor chose us his subject, “Edhiention--Its International Aspcot and touched on the munificance and libera- lity of American educationalists to the various nations of the world, the nations benefitting ranging from Britain to Chinn.
Franco, baid the Speaker, had 14,720, foreign students in 1927. Who paid only an infiniteemeð fraction of the cost of their education, The benefit to France was that she was assured of authoritative and influential support for her culture when these students returned to their own shoron and become formal or informal instructors of their
own people, for, auid, Professor Forster, it was not possible to be brought into contact with the best side of a nation's life and go away hostile, '
The Hon. Dr, S. "W. Tao presided, and in introducing the speliker, said that he was Professor of English at the Hong Kong University and that he had been seventeen years in the Far East.
AMERICA'S EDUCATIONAL OUTLOOK,
HONG KONG DAILY PRESS, WEDNESDAY, OCTOBER 14, 1931.
London University. I havo HONG KONG STOCK
All this was happened at a time when commerce and trade were already mentioned, la establishing growing more and more inter-an Institute of Education on tho national. • Culture" and thought now site in Bloomsbury, and it is were contracting their sphere of hoped that this will give London Butivity while other forces were ex- the place she merits because of hor tanding their beyond the national importance as a world. city, Stu- barriers. The consequence, of that dents will come not only from all roverso process is experienced to parts, of the Empire but from for day, for wo are living evon now in eign countring, will pool their know
MARKET
YESTERDAY'S TRANSAC-
KTIONS.
The narkot yesterday mo again opened quietly standy.
Banks were, on offer at $1,860.
a world system which is not proper- | ledge and at the same time become Canton Insurances could have!
ly understood either
politically or acquainted with English ideals of cconomically. 1914 saw the cul- education. In conjunction ith this mination of those forces and re- there is also being established a vealed the danger of a, culture con-rew Chair in Comparative Educa ceived on such narrow liner. tion so that the other educational systems of the world will be studied and explained.
been obtained at 31,500, and also Hong Kong Fires at 81,450...
Douglases were wanted at $94. Baubs were enquired, for at $3H) Wharves word the medium of salos at $150,
Providents (new) wero done at 200, and there were sellers of the old shares at 35.40.
Hotels (old) were in demand at
Ewos were offering at Thu. 16), Zoong Sings were in demand at Tls. 13.
Trams could have been obtained at $20
Electrics were to be had at 8771. Telephones (part paid) were ob
Caments (combined) were on offer at $19, Y & WAT closed in demand at this rate.
Ropes, which were done at $175,
„Amusements were put through at
Constructions (new) were offering
$1.10
In the light of that experience then there must be a re-examina tion of the aims and ideals of edu
The growth of this international cation. There must be re-orienta movement is perhaps best seen in tion, for since 1918 we are living France where there are seventeen in-a now epoch. Now it is obvious universities. The numbers are:- wo must preserve the best features
French students--1902, 28,508:14.
of the national tradition" for they
1912, 35,695; 1027, 48,240, *** Forcign students:-1902, 1,802; ure too valuable to be sacrificed,
* 1819, 5,081 - 1927, 14,790. and we must eliminate the worst Thus in 1902 only one in sixteen for they are too dangerous to be was a foreign student whereas in retained. Every youth must be 1997 nearly one in four came from rooted in his own tradition. Hen foreign country. To accommo-tainable at $201 must be acquainted with its finest date, the vast number of aliens in elements and given a definitely Paris, hostels. or boarding house national character and outlook, but have been or are being erected by he cannot stop there. A legitimate,thirty-four different nations in the, Pride in the achievements of one's eite universitaire. Thus Paris is own race is desirable but a patrio once more becoming, as in the tism based on the lower instincts Middle Ages, a great cosmopolitan is not.
centre of learning: France in 1926 knd B foreigner lecturers within her borders, 24 from U.S.A. and' 6 from England. What benefit docs France derive from this generosity, for, seeing that the student pays but an infinitesimal fraction of the cost of his education, the state bear. ing the difference, it is clear that able? It means that she is assured the cost to the nation in consider. of authoritative and influential sup- port for her culture when these and become the formal or informal persons return to, their own shores
instructors of their owns people, for it is not possible to be brought into contact with the beat side of a nation's life and go away hostile.
The Now Education., Now, how is. modern education dealing with this problem? In the "first place the work of teaching is now being entrusted to those who
Professor Forster's address was as squire and night to a hierarchy follows:---
which included Lørda, Dukes and I have choach to speak to this Kings, while over all there was the title because it was that aspect of Universal Church. In this scheme, education to which my attention culture and scholarship transcended was not formbly drawn in a re-national barriers such as they were. cent visit to England. In London There was a republic of letters I found the Advisory Committee on within "which" scholars wore free to Colonial Education, were discussing range at will. They found themselves the question of our cultural rela equally at home in Oxford, Paris, have a broader vision and a clearer tions with China-that being the Padua, Cordova, Cologne or Or- perspective that comes from wider chapter, of the recent report of the leans, for they shared the same learning and scholarship. Teaching Economic Mission to the Far East theological, philosophic and scien-is no longer the dumping ground of with which they were vitally con- tile interests through the medium the failures of other professions cerned. 5ir Perer Nunn, the Pro- of the common language-Latin and trades, fa Newcastle-on-Tyne, fessor of Education in London It is probably true to say that the the Director of Education informed University, was busy organising his scholars of the fourteenth century | me that he had not, ergaged “a Institute of Education in order to were better informed on inter- single teacher in the phat twą bring London more into the world national matters than scholars in pedra without a university degree- scheme of education. In Warwick- Europu were fifty years. ago. and that for tire elementary schools. shiro 1 found the Director" of „Edu- Forces, however, which had been Scotland achieved this position five ention enlarging upon the important gathering strengti, finally broke years ago.. position which the United States down this cultural unity and re- was achieving for herself in the placed it by states which bore the international field, He himself had hallmark of nationality and which recently been lecturing in Columbia tolerated no rivals in their claims University. In the north of Eng upon the allegiance of their sub- land the headmaster of a Grammar
jects. School was busy organising a thres Now this new political arrange weeks tour in. Germany for his ment had certain advantages. It senior forms. The latter was con released for art and literature arca- earned about international educative energy which, had not hitherto tion from the standpoint of the been available and it encouraged League of Nations, the former three the expression of thought in the persons or groups were, I think, vernacular, asid linked the concerned about the prestige of loftiest feelings with intellect and These experiences let me think imagination and gave us works ing upon the question and the result of unsurpassing beauty. England is this paper in which I attempt would be infinitely poorer without to follow out the development and her authorise version of the Bible aims of education from the past: It is necessary to do this in order and without Shakespeare: France Lo understand the present position.
would suffer a grave loss if de- prived of Malitre, Racine, and Corneille and the world would auffer, also if the schools of painting
Englaird.
J.
ta
894.
-AFTERNOON SESSION.
between China and Japan, the Owing to rumours af n-settlement market, took on a livelier tone, prices in some instances responding
well.
1.
Banks were the medium of sales at $1,000...
Douglases were in demand ab: 825). $140 and $150, closed in demand at harves, after being done at the former quotation,
Hotels (new) were done at $134. 50, closed in demand at that rate.
Lands, which were dealt in at
Trams changed hands at 8201, and, closed in demand at $20, with sellers asking $201.
Lane, Crawfords (old) were want cd at $0.40...
been done at 877, and closed, in Electrics were reported to have
demand at this rater
PASSPORT MUDDLE.
QUESTIONS TO BE ASKED IN COUNCIL.
The Hon. Mr. W. E. L. Shenton, at to-morrow's meeting of the Legislative Council, will ask the port requirements at Shanghai: following question relative to pass-
Is Government aware that British subjects proceeding from Hong Kong to Shanghai are call- ed upon to have their passports vissed on entering Shanghai, and that considerable inconvenience is caused to them thereby i
In the event of this practice. being insisted upon will Govern ment provide facilities for British. "subjects obtaining a Chinese viso
in Hong Kong ?
America's Munifcense.
America, likewise, plays a very important part in this
world movement för she not only provides numerous "scholarships for students from Britain and other School books are now, written by countries, but she also has a con scholars who are more concerned tinunt stream of lecturers coming to ber universities from other with scientifle truth than with exo-lande; and at the same time, she tional appeals. When Sir Garnet l'sends her scholars abroad in in- Wolseley, 50 years ago, was asked creasing numbers to become ao what books he would like to have quainted with the culture of for eign countries. The United States with him, if stranded on a desert is a synthesis of the democracies of island, he said he would like cer- Europe. In some ways she has tain works of fiction and among what other nations merely aspiro realised in practice educationally, them Macaulay's History of Eng to. America believes in the kid. Another feature of modern power of education with a kind of schools is the tour abroad for the religious fervour and is not only willing to lavish money to provide older pupils and the interchange it for her own people but is ex- that can easily be arranged whereby ceptionnt in her generosity individual German or French youths others China is heavily indebted come to England and are received to U.S.A, for a large number of in homes, and in return receive her higher institutions. So great is English students into theirs. These the cultural influence welled in tensively-Public School boys even almost true to say that the educa travels are now carried on very ex- Columbia University that it is
get so far as USA South tional policy of China has been America, Alrich and Australia. | directed- and controlled from it. Kenneth Lindsay at a recent con- Sir Percy Nunn would go further Education 100 Tears"Ago.
ference told us of preparations that and say that the educational in- were being made to send 1,000 fluence of Columbia whs operating One of the most striking--perhaps
Canada. from Scotland. This is the Hong Kong itself received a gift for that reason that English people, mupils temporarily overseas to over the greater part of the world. the most striking-social devolop ments in the last fifty years has and music had not found expression imperial aspect but the idea is the of $760,000 for Medical Chairs at least, realise there is a problem been the expansion of and demand in national forms. for educational facilities throughout Unfortunately there crept into point with reference to England. this system. certain evils which One hundred years ago, England later not only threatened its exist an a nation spent nothing on this ence, but even civilization itself social service; in 1839 the sum of $20,000 was voted and administered. These evils were intensified at the by a committee of the Privy Cans beginning of the 19th century when cil: in 1870 the statesmau, Lowe, Germany devised a scheme of edu- introduced an Education, Bill into the House of Common with the cation whereby the people were to statement that the country had no be consolidated into a state and national system of education the all their energies were to be direct next year the sum of one millioned exclusively to the maintenance pounds who provided by the ex- chequer, while in 1931 the expendi and strengthening of it. It was ture on public education reached a Fichte, the German Philosopher, total of eighty million pounds, who prepared the brond outlines of sum equal to the whole revenue of this aplieme after the crushing de- 1871. And if we examine the ne fent of the Germans at Jenu at the counts of U.S.A., we shall find the hands of Napoleon. growth of expenditure, even alloy-↑ ing for difference in population, is still more striking.
the world. Let me illustrate this
the average man lies in having a
41
same.
Cambridge University in England
"Is any distinction made be tween the Hong Kong born Bri- tish subjects and other British subjects?"
More sympathetic contact with has received £700,000 from private and not remain indifferent to it. other people tends to correct ideas sources in America to build a newWe are trying to make the Lengus on both sides. A distinguisher librars and put science teaching of Nations n working reality and Chinese from Shanghai, who was on a firmer basis. London Univer our educational must respond to the recently in England, said to a sity too has accepted very consider demand of the League for a new friend of mine, Were the troops able gifts, greater in value than outlook on the world. But com that Britain sent to Shanghai thone mentioned for Cambridge, and merce, politice and economics re necialis selected "1 No," was Oxford hopes to bencft from the quire a far broader study. While, the reply, "they were ordinary efforts of the Rhodes Scholars in then me may be permitted to feel English regimenta." "Well, you 17.8.A. who recently undertook to nationally, we must learn to think. scared a great success for they raise funds for the University whose
internationally certainly altered the ideas of the guests they werė. Chinese about British soldiers and altered the opinions of the British About Britain. Probably they also
soldiers likewise," he added,
Power of Education,
It is not pure philanthropy that prompts these colossal gifts nor is it self-interest, It is rather in the caso of América a desire to ace à more efficient world, a world en riched by the application of science to industry, and guided by those who have been able to devote their
Why Educate a Reply.
Mr. G. P. da Martin, in, thank- ing Professor Forster on behalf of the Rotary Club, said Professor Forater han made a very clear state- meat of what he had to say. I should like to congratulate him on saying something which I think needs to be said. He has told us. something about the lavish donn
{{ International Movement, We see this international move ment also to be very pronounced in the universities of the world Nationalism and Education.
Fifty years ago, there were self contained institutions which scorned time aml thought to the study of tipne in the course of educations In democratic countries the view Thore now set in a kind of relations with one another. When the problems under the best possible given, I think, not by sentimental is not how held that happiness for Nazpiasiam on a national acalo in an enthusiastic student of Glasgow conditions. It is because of her people but by people who have de
Europe. Narcissus, you remember, University put, the question to an intense faith in the power of edu.monstrated to the world that they fully belly and an empty head but was the youth about whom it was Oxford Don whom he know And cation to heal the world's woundsure practical people. They have rather the rotarian view, namely, prophesied by Teiresins that be what do they think of Glasgow that she exerts much great efforts answered for themselves a question! I have often heard aak as to. Why that a square meal should be would live so long as he did not University in Oxford ? In Ox-in the world at present,
At the same time, it is coming Educate the rounded off by an intellectual feast. see the image of his own face, He ford," was reply, "I am afraid, we
*There are many ariswers to that We believe that man cannot live by did see his face mirrored, in a do not think of Glasgow Univer to be realised taht the subtle in broad alone, and that each one is pool of clear water, was entranced, city Oxford is now thinking even tangible spiritual and intellectual question, some more lofty and some entitled, so far as economic con and died in self-admiration. In this of Hong Kong University,
forces of the world play n dominant less lofty The Professor has ditions permit, to reach the fulsa scheme of education history was dia
The old isolation is broken down, part in shaping its conduct. A perhaps dealt with one which in of of his stature mentally, morally torted and became a national epic, exclusivenean is no longer a virtue ration's status in that the world vital importance and that is that and physically, and to become what Literature, religion and art were but rather an academic sice Cecil will depend on the amount of in education, if properly conducted, js he has in him to become. In this morely instruments created to re- Rhodes, that splendid visionary Quentio she can exerts As the a form of insurance for the world way then our national systems have flect the beauty and grandeur of the when he left three million pounds world is more or less parcelled out and I am very grateful to him for grown, but it is necessary to go national form. They were made to to found scholarships and included and as we cannot by physical force having put that before this meeting back still further in history and see subserve the national ends and not Americans, and Germanas, in his compel other, people to accept our of our club, because I think it is how we have arrived at our present the ends of truth and justice. The scheme, was thought to be at least point of view, we can only extend thing that needs to be said. The position
natural consequences of enlarging quixotic, but his real purpose is now our power in so far as we can in future, not only of every individual upon the splendour and achieve soon to have savoured of robust duce others to become acquainted community, but of the whole world, ment of one's own nation was the common sense. The universition with and possibly accept the boat lies in the hands of those who are tendency to disparage the qualities now make special provision for the side of our culture. It is undesir in our schools to day, and if you and achievements of other nations students from overseas and from able that the culture of any angle fist them off with a gesture or and from this there grow up dis foreign countries, by offering special-nation should prevail practically to something, second rate, it will be trust, suspicion, fear and open degrees, and special facility for re the exclusion of all others It is sorrier world than at present
(Contii nod on next Column) (Applause.)
The Middle Agon..
In the Middle Ages there was nqucation of nationality. Each worker balonged to his craft guild epth burgess to Lis town guild, ench
ntagonism.
search
AUTUMN 1931
New shipments of Autumn
goods have just been
unpacked.
oats, gowns, hats, three piece suits, shoes, gloves and underwear.
In the ladies salon.
LANE, CRAWFORD, LTD.
There are No Other Artists Like Them!
DB572
LAYTON AND JOHNSTONE
Columbia
PARDON "ME, PRETTY BARY. IT MUST BE TRUE
BOLL ON, MISSISSIPPI DB575 RIVER AND ME
DESSE TIME ON MY HANDS
DB547
BUILDING A HOME FOR YOU (PRETTY KITTY: KELLY {SHARE, AND LET US BE FRIENDS
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