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Hong Kong Weekly Press
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HONG KONG DAILY PRESS SATURDAY, SEPTEMBER 12, 1931.
ENGINEERING & BUILDING
SPONTANEOUS COM- BUSTION OF COAL.
SIAMESE STATE RAILWAY
DIESEL ELECTRIC LOCOMOTIVE
V.C. COLONEL DEAD.
"A" DEED OF HEROISM AND
·A«COURT-MARTIAL.
Lieut. Colonel J. Sherwood-Kelly, YO, died in a Kensington nursing homo.
Ho had been suffering, for some timo from: the after-effects of malaria, contracted during his ser vico in the Far East, and had becu in the nursing home for two or three weeks
Col. Sherwood-Kelly was awarded his V.C in January, 1918, for con spicuous bravery when commanding
A Court-Martial.
A paper recently published by the Safety in Mines Research Board gives the results of investigations which have been made in connee-
It is not perhaps going too far tiin with the spontaneous com bustion of coal, ambjent of to say that during the past few much importance to mining enyoare the Diesel-electrio locomotive gineers and the good industry in and its sister vehicle the rail ar general. The paper is divided into have doinitely emerged from the battalion of the Inniskilling experimental stage, and have pro Fusiliers in France. Among his acts two parts, the first containing a
ved their utility under the heads of bravery was i a chargé, which he brief summary of previous work, and the second describing, now investing of ofloisnoy, running costs and led against some pits from which gations carried out over a period maintenance. In this development, heavy Are was being directed of 17 months by the authors, on be- which is, of course, world wide, against his men. He captured the Messra Sulzer Brothers, Winter-pits, together with five machine half of the Board.
thur, Switzerland, have played The spontaneous combustion of
an guns and 46 prisoners, and killed & coal appears to proceed in two important part, and it will, there- large number of the enemy. stages; in the Arst, slow oxidation fore, be of interest to refer to a takes place which under certain unit of this type, which they have conditions may raise the tempera-recently completed for use on the ture sufficiently for the second Royal State Railways of Sigm stage to develop, in which amgulder- This locomotive, which forms one ing or low temperature combustion of a batch of six, has an output of occurs. It has been observed that 450 brake horse power, and has just accumulations if fussin, or coal dust undergone extensive trials in wit He pleaded guilty to what ho zerland. It is intended for opera-contended was a purely technical containing fusain, possess the pro- perty of propagating a zone oftion on a metre-gauge railway, and offence. The letters protested combustion until it has per has an overall length of 4 ft. 67 against troops which were sent to Russia for defensive purposes being Atin, with a wheel base of 6 ft. 10 used for offensive purposes in first it was thought the fussini Its weight in service is 60 tons, furtherance of an ambitious plan of
and its adhesive weight 43, tons. was responsible, but later it wES
It is carried on two three-axle like water and invaluable British I saw British money poured out. found that under certain conditions bogies; each of which has one trail-lives sacrificed in backing up every type of coal would propagate
ing and two driving axles, the a worthless Government, and I bo a zone of combustion if the particles wheel diameters being 30 in, and came convinced that my duty to were below a critical size and the
my country lay not in helping to temperature of the coal above t car, tain value."
moated "the whole muss.
In the new investigations, which i are dealt with in the second port"]
b
Fi
In November, 1910, he was tried by court-martial and severely re primanded" for contravening the King's Regulations by writing letters. to the Press
campaign.
Two Campaigns.
Col. Sherwood-Kelly, who was born in 1880, joined the Rhodesian
Africa War, and for his bravery police when he was seventeen. Ho afterwards served in the South was promoted on the field and men- tioned in despatches. He had four clasps to his Queenin Medal and two clasps to his King's Meda)..
38 in., respectively. The frame is forward a mistaken policy, but in made up of deep section longiturnosing it to the British public."
Public excitement was aroured dinal members, which are adequate by the letters, and questions were ly braced to support the engine asked in the House of Commons. of the report, it was considered debearers. It in supported on the sirable to make a more detailed in-bogies by spherical centres and side vestigation of the phenomena in earings. The body consists of a volved and to include aspects which steel framework, which is covered hre likely to have a bearing upon enging compartment being made re with sheet metal, the roof over the the spontaneous combustion of con! in the gob.
The factors studied movable to facilitate Inspection, wero: (a) The effect of previous
while for the same reason the fuel oxidation of the coal upon the pro-and water tanka, silencer and re- gulating resistances are also placed pagation of the zone of combustion.
on the roof. The partitions between (b) The influence of heating the coal in an inert atmosphere. (o) The the engine compartment and the effect of the oxygen percentage in cabs are of strengthened sheet the atmosphere. (d) The influence metal, while the flour of the former ie double, so that space is available of inorganic compounds upon the for housing the cables and piping, rate of combustion, (e) Hydrogen cyanido in the gastons product of The lower floor is of sheet fron and combustion. (f) The chemical com-
the upper of teak, the arrangement position of the oxidation product. being such that good protection Coal for the experimenta was select- against dirt and moisture are pre- et from four different scams in vided, and that access is easy.; order to be representative of certain Both vacuum and air brakes are. types dccurring in the United
Kingdom: amples were obtained fitted, while compressed air sanders from thick coal,slate" section are provided on all the driving from Warwickshire'; top hard from Nottinghamshire; Parkgate from
wheels.. South Yorkshire and Arley, from
The engine has a continuous out- Lancashire. In the test to ascertain put of 450 brake horse power at 700 the time required for combustion to
travel over a distance of 10 cm.r.pn., which represente a maximum the following results were obtained, speed of 37.5 m.p.h. The tractive Warwickshire, thick, 23 minutes; effort on a one-hour rating is 2,130 Arley, 24 minutes; top hard, 30
minutes; and Parkgate, 33 minutes. at 12.8 m.p.h., the maximum respectively. Redeterminations were effort at starting being 20,000 lb. It made at intervals throughout the y of the firm's standard heavy-cil investigations and identical results | locomotive type, and works on the obtained.
four-stroke cycle. The eight cylin-
#!
To ascertain the infuchce of pre-ders, which are Atted with trunk vious oxidation of the cord upon pistons, are cast in two blocks of the time of propagation, the coalfour, the units being bolted together was heated for certain periods in to form a longitudinal girder. The air at temperatures, of, 100 deg, 130) main 'frame is of cist steel, and deg., and 200 deg. O. The result though light, has been designed to was that propagation developed ensure adequate rigidity. The con more slowly, especially in the early necting rods are of chrome-nickel stages of oxidation, and finally a steel and the pistons, which are un state was reached when combustion cooled, are of aluminium, could not be initiated Marked We understand that this locomo- differences were shown in the be- tive has been subjected to extensive haviour of the different coals, how trials on the Rhaetian Railway over, in the increased time and in during which the average fuel con the duration of oxidation necessary sumption was 0.035.. lb. per mile. to cause combustion, tó cénse. It Manoeuvring was found to be easy, Was found that pre-heating in even on the most difficult section, nitrogen at 100 deg. to 200 deg C where gradients of 1 in 37 and increased the time of propagation curves of 100-m. radius had to he from 300 deg. to 100 deg. C, the negotiated. A speed of 19. m.p.h. time decreased initially, but pro was reached from rest, in from 30 longed heating. in nitrogen causes sec. to 35 sec Engineering: prolongation of the time required
for combustion. The change from
an increase to a decrease in time coincides with the temperature at xides, and in lesser degree the car- which thermal decomposition of the bonates and iron salts served to de- coal takes place. ve crease the time, whereas ammonium As regards the effect of the per-chloride and hydrochloric and sul centage of oxygen in the atmosphere phuric acids increased, the time of it was found, as anticipated, that propagation. The amount of hydro- an' increase of oxygen above the gen cyanide produced at various Hormaly,air content resulted in temperatures was determined. The more rapid propagation, but no maximum amount which could be exnot relationship between the rate obtained, was 9.1 per cent," bý of combustion and the oxygen per weight of the coal At tempera centage could be established. The tures below 300 deg. C. no bydrogen lowest quantity of oxygen recorded cyanide was found, and with certain, in which the coal would burn, how coals when the temperature was 450 ever, was 14 per cent, the amount deg. to 480 deg. C., only troops were varying with different coals. Ex detected. The experiments made periments in which small "amounts with reference to the chemical com- of iporennio substances were added position of the oxidation product. decreased the time of propagation showed that this is constant with in most casea Potaskium and any coal, and is not affected by the sodium salts, especially the hydro-rate of propagation of combustion.~* (Continued at foot of next column.), Engineering.
In the Great War be who wound- cd five times and mentioned five times despatches, and in addition to the V.C. wis awarded the He later C.M.G. and the D.8.0. commanded the 2nd: Hampshire. Regiment in Northern Russia, And it was after his return home that the letters already mentioned were written.
Ho was an intrepid hunter of big game, a keen horseman and a player of tennis, cricket, Rugby and golf,
3 2
Haig
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